ID 1310 - Exam 2

Dutch hip roof

-A gable added to each end of the hip roof -The gable create a more interesting roofline and allow better ventilation

Tudor Style

-A mixture of materials: brick, wood half timbers, stucco, and patterned stones -Variety of steeply pitched roofs -Tall windows/ narrow grouped leaded windows -Massive, prominent chimney/ decorative chimney -Half timbering is visible on outer walls -Double gable front -Second floor often hung over first floor

Gambrel roof

-Barn roof because traditionally used on barns -Permits added room to the top level of a home

shed roof

-Much like the flat roof, but has more slope -Common roof for additions to houses

Bungalow

-Outgrowth of many influences - the Craftsman Style, Japanese Architecture derived from tea houses -High basement -Porches -Natural status of materials -Low pitched roof

Gable roof

-Popular for residential houses -Simple and economical to build -Allows good ventilation -Prevents water and snow from accumulating on the roof

Hip roof

-Provides cornices all 4 sides of the house -Ventilation is not good

International style

-Radical simplification of form -Rejection of ornament -Adoption of glass, steel and concrete as preferred materials

Post modern

-Return of "wit, ornament and reference to architecture" -Expressive and symbolic value of architectural elements and forms that had evolved through centuries of building which had been abandoned by the modern style

Flat roof

-Simplest and most economical roof to build -Practical in areas where little or no snow falls -Slight slope for drainage

ranch style

-Started as one level & attached "garage" -Side facing gables with low slopes & wide eaves -Low to the ground -Little ornamentation

intimate

0-18 inches; close friends, family

public

12+ feet; strangers

personal

16 inches - 4 feet; casual friends/co-workers

Water collection and windows

2 advantages of the butterfly roof?

Cost and water/snow damage

2 disadvantages of the butterfly roof?

eco design, green design

2 examples of environmentally-responsible design

social

4 - 12 feet; who we know but only come together for common purposes

path

:direction in which a person or thing is moving

balcony

A platform projecting from the wall of a building supported by columns or console brackets, and enclosed with a balustrade

landmark

A recognizable natural or artificial feature used for navigation, a feature that stands out from its near environment and is often visible from long distances

belonging

A social experience of ___________________ that exists independently of any one individual's perceptions or experiences

dormer

An opening in a sloping roof, the framing of which projects out to form a vertical wall suitable for windows or other openings.

brownfield

Any previously developed land that is not currently in use, whether contaminated or not.

interaction

Boundaries and thresholds link to issues of ____________

40

Certified LEED rating is ___ points/100 points

planning and arrangement

Circulation has to do with _____________________of all routes: primary, secondary, and tertiary + escape

sustainable

Classical definition of ___________ development is ".. meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs."

wayfinding

Concept of orientation and routing

life cycle costing

Determines the cost of a product or system over its life time

dymanic

Elements in space are not static but _______________

sociofugal space

Environmental settings that discourage or prevent interaction among group members; chairs are usually facing the same way (i.e. airports)

light pollution

Excessive or intrusive artificial light

60-79

Gold LEED rating is ___ points/100 points

green building certification inc

Green Building Certification Inc. - administer LEED, certified LEED projects, and accredit LEED professionals

greenwashing

Green PR or green marketing deceptively used to promote the perception that an organization's products, aims or policies are environmentally friendly.

2,435 SF

In 2018, the square footage of a family home was:

Hall

In a New England Colonial, the ______ is a public & work area

Parlor

In a New England Colonial, the ________ is a living & sleeping area

downcycle

Involves converting materials and products into new materials of lesser quality.

life cycle assessment

Measurement of a product's environmental impact throughout its life cycle.

space

Most complex aspect of interior design?

patio

Paved outdoor area between a residence and a garden/ generally used for dining or recreation that adjoins a residence

open-grid pavement

Pavement that is less than 50% impervious and contains vegetation in the open cells.

pause/subjective

Place =

abstract

Place is less __________ than space

80+

Platinum LEED rating is ___ points/100 points

Infill development

Previously developed site/ in-between existing structures (a gap in the built environment)

reduce, reuse, recycle, nature, toxins, economics, quality (3R, NTEQ)

Principles of sustainable construction:

50-59

Silver LEED rating is ___ points/100 points

movement/objective

Space =

porch

Structurally connected to the house, built above grade level, and covered by roof

construction

Sustainable _____________ is creating and operating a healthy built environment based on resource efficiency and ecological design

economics, environment, social resposibility

The key indicator of true sustainability is the triple bottom line of:

a person

The particular experience of _____________ in a particular setting

upcycling

The process of transforming by-products, waste materials, useless, or unwanted products into new materials or products of better quality and environmental value

US green building council

USGBC: non profit community of leaders working to make green buildings accessible to everyone within a generation comprised of more than 13,500 organizations across the building industry

greenfield

Undeveloped land

Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design

What does LEED stand for?

place attachment

What is the emotional bond called between person and place?

Cape Cod

Which style of house does this describe? -One story (or 1 & ½) with side gable -Dormers facing the front (originally no dormers but dormers in revival) -Centered front door -Symmetrically placed windows -Clapboard (weatherboard or siding)

New England Colonial House

Which style of house does this describe? -Simple rectangular shape -A central chimney -Fireplace -Gabled roof

Le Corbusier, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Walter Gropius

Who were the big three to introduce international style homes?

proxemics

_____________ is the study of the relationship between human in a particular culture and their use and perceptions of space

transitional

___________________ elements enable spaces to operate on boundaries

cognitive mapping

____________________________ informs the understanding of pathways and routes

Butterfly roof

a V-shaped roof in which the two sides slope toward a valley in the middle

watersense

a program sponsored by US Environment Protection Agency (EPA) that helps consumer identify high-performance, water efficient toilets. Used for fixture and fitting. Tested for performance and efficiency (2006)

Mansard roof

a roof that has four sloping sides, each of which becomes steeper halfway down

Deconstructivism

a school of architecture that explores fragmentation and distorts the walls, roof, interior volumes and envelope of a building in a sort of controlled chaos, sometimes to intentionally create discomfort and confusion.

Environmental Product Declaration (EPD)

a standardized way of quantifying the environmental impact of a product or system. Helps to choose products that do less harm.

home energy rating system

a standarized system for rating the energy efficiency of residenctial buildings using the HERS Council Guidelines and Mortgage Industry HERS. (Value from 0 to 100)

Heat island effect

absorbing heat rather than reflecting it by dark colored surfaces (roads/ roofs)/ airflow through narrow streets and tall buildings/ vehicle exhaust. Temperature 10 degree difference

energy star

energy efficiency criteria have been established by the US DOE and EPA

energy policy act of 1992

established water conservation standards (Toilets: old - 3.5 gpf/ EPA - 1.6 gpf/ High efficiency toilets - 1.28 gpf)

Sociopetal Space

furniture arrangements, architectural designs, or social factors that encourage social interaction; usually chairs are facing each other such as a round table

Corporate Sustainability Reports (CSRs)

help to identify products/ manufacturers that have been verified to be extracted or sourced in a responsible manner

renewable energy

is naturally replenished and generated from natural resources (sunlight, wind, water, biofuel, geothermal) vs. fossil fuels

Solar Reflectance Index (SRI)

measure how a roofing material will reject solar heat. The higher, the better

circulation

movement to and from or around something

18 inches to 3 feet

our invisible space bubble that a person maintains around them self is usually around what length?

prospect theory

people' preferences for sides rather than centers, open spaces with views all of which promote the feeling of security and screening

Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)

promotes management of the world's forests. Comes with Chain of Custody (CoC) certification. CoC is a tracking system that allows manufacturers and traders to demonstrate that timber comes from a forest that is responsibly managed in accordance with FSC principles

Health Product Disclosure (HPDs)

provide a full disclosure of the potential chemicals of concern in products by comparing product ingredients to a wide variety of hazard lists published by government authorities and scientific associations

competition

seating dynamic: one chair is directly across the table from the other chair

cooperation

seating dynamic: sitting directly next to someone on the same side of the table

conversation

seating dynamic: sitting on the right angle of someone else

fixed-feature space

space bounded by immovable or permanent fixtures, such as walls

semi-fixed space

space in which objects are used to create distance

informal space

space that is highly mobile and can be quickly changed

potable water

suitable for drinking

greenhouse gases

the recycling process itself pollutes (mostly air pollution) and emits _____________ (which contribute to global warming / climate change).

graywater

untreated household waste water which has not contact with toilet waste (50-80% of residential wastewater) Bathtub, shower, bathroom sinks/ washing machines and laundry tubs

blackwater

untreated wastewater from toilets and urinals

net-zero energy

use no more energy from the electrical grid than can be produced from on-site renewable systems

Victorian - Queen Anne style

•MOST FANCIFUL - begin in England with the early work of Richard Norman Shaw •Steep roofs •Wide, often decorative cornices •Ornamental gables •Wrap-around porches with railings and columns •Tall circular towers were common •Stained glass was frequently used for hall and staircase windows •High brick chimneys •Very little roof overhang

Gothic revival

•Pointed arches •Circular windows •High-peaked gables decorated with vergeboards or gingerbread (lacy, cutout wood trim - highly decorated) •Long, narrow windows •Tall thick chimneys and steep roof slopes emphasize the vertical

Italianate style

•Typically two story, "L" or "T" or square shaped plan, flattened roof •Wide, overhanging hip roof with decorative brackets at the cornice •Long, narrow windows •Terraces, larger decks, or balconies •Cast iron decoration

deck

•Uncovered porch (Attached to the building)

cradle to cradle

•materials are perpetually circulated in closed loops (waste-free product). Considers opportunities for the reuse of the product