ID 2202 - Exam 2
Artist's monograms, 1902
Wiener Werkstatte's monograms and logos even took the alphabet and made it geometrical.
Rene Lalique, Crystal Fountain; (glass sculpture, 1920s)
45 ft tall, glass was jewel like (wealth), plenitude of water jets (parallel, abundance, wealth & happiness), motion (progress, speed)
What did Loos mean when he called Ornament as Crime?
He saw ornament as crime. "Suppression necessary for regulating modern society." Ex: graffiti and tattooing"
Who was Adolf Loos?
Defined a lot of early modernism
What was prairie style?
"planes parallel to the earth...make the building belong to the ground: I see the extended horizontal line as the true earth line of human life, indicative of freedom." "horizontality"
What was organic architecture?
"to bring the outside world into the house and let the inside to outside..."architecture that encloses space as a covering that allows for life...breathing, flowing"
What is Humanistic Rationalism?
"we favor only technological solutions that respect human use...and the selection of natural materials that already function in the natural world...we oppose geometrical abstraction of materials that forces an idealized structure" - Alvar Aalto, Scandinavian Design
What did Jugendstil mean?
"youth style", reference to Jugen magazine published in German speaking countries. Art nouveau in german speaking countries.
Who was Otto Wagner?
-Architect working in both the Jugendstil and Wiener Werkstatte -Published textbook Modern Architecture in 1896. Called for new use of existing forms , designed structures that reflected function & nature idealized.
Pavilion of the Collector, Salon of an art collector
-Geostructure, symmetry, applied ornament (dancing figures, nature) -Inside was a display of rooms with wealthy lifestyle: idea was for ppl to find smaller things they could afford & live vicariously
Karlsplatz Station, Vienna 1898
-In the Jugendstil style -Sunflower as organic pattern; nature geometrically idealized; gilt stenciling applied to marble slabs; dynamism/vitalism; applied ornament - decorative effects applied to a surface or structure; geometric structure (rectangular cube, mounted by circular arch, central axis, symmetrical); simplified geometric structure;
Palais Stoclet, Brussels, 1905-11
-Overall very geometrical structure, applied ornament; stitching ornament -Edging and framing made from geo. forms -Brought in other craftsmen (e.g. Klimt) -Used a totalizing approach.
What is Secessionstil?
-Wanted to break away from old styles. -Published journal, Ver Sacrum (new spring) to discuss ideas. -Wanted to intergrate all arts together (performers, etc) -Nature idealized -applied ornament -geometrical structure
Steiner House, Vienna, 1910
-geometric structure, white unornamented facade, focus on new modern lifestyle -Designed even void space as geometrical space -Called the window with no eyebrows
What was Early Modernism?
-no ornament or nature at all -Very geometricized. -Mostly white space -very simple
Who was Josef Hoffmann?
A major theorist of Wiener Werkstatte, former student of Otto Wagner. -Avoid natural/organic patterns derived from nature. Called for geometrical ornament: focus on rythms, repetitions, and part-whole comparisions
What is Wiener Werkstatte?
Aka Viennese Workshop From 3 small rooms, their "workshop" expanded to fill a 3 story building with separate, specially designed facilities. It was the end of organic patterns
Koloman Moser, desk for Palais Stoclet, 1911
All folds in to be one shape. Stitching ornament - O's emphasized geometry.
Pavilion of Galeries Lafayette
Art Deco Style
Erte, Posters: Starstruck, 1925 & Symphony in Black, 1925
Art Deco Style posters were a way to inexpensively collect art. focus on displays promoting fantasy of wealth. Travel: exotic, leisure Luxury: prosperity ** Influence from entertainment and Hollywood movies
Jacques- Emil Ruhlman, corner cabinet, 1916
Art Deco Style "life-style focus", "wealth" Made with exotic wood veneers, ivory inlay
What was the Golden Age of Hollywood Cinema?
Big musical and dance productions, fostered fantasy, focus on wealth & glamour, the midst of the Roaring 20's
Who is Josef-Maria Olbrich?
Commissioned to design and build the Secession Building
Define hygge
Danish word that implies a specific charm, tender & comfortable, can apply to people, things or surroundings that give a sense of joy & well-being
Koloman Moser, ladies writing desk, 1903
Folds out, squares in squares
What was veneering?
Gluing thin sheets of wood over cheaper materials. Allowed for use of more expensive material coverings. Also allowed for more curves/complex shapes covered by wood.
What is Gesamtkunstwerk?
It means total work of art.
What was the International Exposition of Decorative Arts, Paris, 1925?
It was held on both sides of the Seine River, 21 countries showed up (not Us or Germany), emphasis was on economic recovery -> to inspire optimism after WW1
Secession Building, Vienna, 1898
Manifesto of the new style; Site that combines music, poetry, sculpture, painting, and architecture; geometrical structure ; applied ornament; open dome consisting of gold plated leaves and berries; metal-working workshop; poetry (to every age its art and to art its freedom); masks represent the architectural, sculptural, and pictorial arts; Owls = symbol of Athena/industrial arts; tile work, metal work, painting, sculpture; metalwork to tile; combining all the arts; music performances; nature idealized; no dynamism
What is applied ornament?
Ornament that is applied to a facade not carved into or molded.
The Beethoven Frieze mural, 1898
Painted by Gustav Klimt Long mural that interpreted Beethoven's Ode to Joy in painting. -Long expanses of white, reference to choral section, floating figures (music in air), silence in music shown in white.
Koloman Moser, Purkersdorf chair, 1901
Part to whole comparisons -> little squares making up a larger square -Wiener Werstatte
Otto Wagner - chair, 1906
Repeats the aluminum and glass material used in the Postal Savings Bank. Manufactured by the Thornet brothers.
What was lacquer?
Resin from the lacquer tree, gave a jewel-like quality once dry.
"Sitting Machine," 1908
Wiener Werkstatte Designed for Purkersdorf Sanatorium by Hoffmann; rhythms (repetition, part-to-whole comparison); stitching ornament;
Purkersdorf chair, 1906
Wiener Werkstatte Designed for Purkersdorf Sanatorium by Hoffmann; rhythms (repetition, part-to-whole comparison); stitching ornament;
Josef Urban, clock, 1906
Uses geometrical ornament. Makes use of part-whole rhythms.
Postal Savings Bank, Otto Wagner, Vienna, 1904-6
Wiener Werkstatte: Geometrical ornament (avoid natural forms/organic patterns derived from nature); rhythms (repetitions, part-to-whole comparisons); geometrical structure; squares and circles; minimalistic, focus on geometry, simple shape, reduction of materials; aluminum and glass;
Majolica House, Vienna, 1899
applied ornament - tile on surface. -Majolica glaze -> when heated turns white. -tile patterned: applied dynamism, flowers
What were "transat themes"?
implied transportation, luggage, travel coined by Eileen Gray, Irish furniture designer living in Paris (Art Deco)
Describe Art Deco's decorative language.
parallelism & concentric sequences : abundance zig-zags & motion : speed, movement, rising Chevrons: upward motion High-polished, glass/metals : wealth Exotic materials: travel/luxury All about displaying luxury and wealth, inspiring optimism and economic growth after the end of the war.
Describe the two types of rhythms.
part - to - whole: when the whole shape/etc refers to smaller parts. repetition - when the same design/shape is repeated throughout a work.
Define vernacular
regional forms: arts, crafts, materials, etc.
What was shagreen?
scale/skin of a dogwood fish
Poster, Robert Bonfils; Entrance
symbolic language: dancer (youthful, energetic, free), fruit/flowers (prosperity), leaping gazelle (forward movement, future)
Hoffman tabletop & textile designs, 1905
tabletop - perforated aluminum textile - "repeat it then connect it"