idk anymore i just want to go to sleep

In a Hardy-Weinberg population with two alleles, A and a, that are in equilibrium, the frequency of the allele a is 0.3. What is the frequency of individuals that are homozygous for this allele? - 0.09 - 0.49 - 9.0 - 0.9

0.09

Three populations of crickets look very similar, but the males have courtship songs that sound different. What function would this difference in song likely serve if the populations came in contact? - A temporal reproductive isolating mechanism - A gametic reproductive isolating mechanism - A postzygotic isolating mechanism - A behavioral reproductive isolating mechanism

A behavioral reproductive isolating mechanism

An earthquake decimates a ground-squirrel population, killing 98% of the squirrels. The surviving population happens to have broader stripes, on average, than the initial population. If broadness of stripes is genetically determined, what effect has the ground-squirrel population experienced during the earthquake? - A founder event - Disruptive selection - Directional selection - A genetic bottleneck

A genetic bottleneck

According to the concept of punctuated equilibrium, _______. - A new species accumulates most of its unique features as it comes into existence - Evolution of new species features long periods during which changes are occurring, interspersed with short periods of equilibrium, or stasis. - Natural selection is unimportant as a mechanism of evolution. - Given enough time, most existing species will gradually give rise to new species.

A new species accumulates most of its unique features as it comes into existence

The phenomenon of fusion is likely to occur when, after a period of geographic isolation, two populations meet again and ___________. - A decreasing number of viable, fertile hybrids is produced over the course of the next one hundred generations. - An increasing number of infertile hybrids is produced over the course of the next one hundred generations - An increasing number of viable, fertile hybrids is produced over the course of the next one hundred generations - No reproduction occurs in the hybrid zone

An increasing number of viable, fertile hybrids is produced over the course of the next one hundred generations

A Bigfoot is kidnapped by a human. The human attempts to carry the Bigfoot away for mating purposes. The Bigfoot frantically runs away and escapes the clutches of this amorous human. What type of reproductive barrier is this? - Spatial - Behavioral - Post-zygotic - Temporal

Behavioral

There is still some controversy among biologists about whether Neanderthals should be placed within the same species as modern humans or into a separate species of their own. Most DNA sequence data analyzed so far indicates that there was probably little or no gene flow between neanderthals and Homo sapiens. Which species concept is most applicable in this example? - Biological - Phylogenetic - Morphological - Ecological

Biological

During a study session about evolution, one of your fellow students remarks, "The giraffe stretched its neck while reaching for higher leaves; its offspring inherited longer necks as a result." Which statement is most likely to be helpful in correcting this student's misconception? - Only favorable adaptions have survival value. - Spontaneous mutations can result in the appearance of new traits. - Disuse of an organ may lead to its eventual disappearance. - Characteristics acquired during an organism's life are generally not passed on through genes.

Characteristics acquired during an organism's life are generally not passed on through genes.

Which one of the following is not a plausible hypothesis to explain the differences in caterpillar appearance observed in this population? - Differences in diet trigger the development of different types of caterpillars. - The longer days lengths of summer trigger the development of twig-like caterpillars. - Differences in air pressure, due to differences in elevation, trigger the development of different types of caterpillars. - The cooler temperatures of spring trigger the development of flower-like caterpillars.

Differences in air pressure, due to differences in elevation, trigger the development of different types of caterpillars.

If there is no gene flow, the curve shifts to the left or to the right, and the population size consequently increases over successive generations, which of the following is most likely occurring? - Genetic drift - Directional selection - Immigration or emigration - Disruptive selection

Directional selection

Over time, the movement of people on Earth has steadily increased. This has altered the course of human evolution by increasing _______. - Nonrandom mating - Geographic isolation - Gene flow - Genetic drift

Gene flow

DDT was once considered a "silver bullet" that would permanently eradicate insect pests. Instead, DDT is largely useless against many insects. Which of these would have prevented this evolution of DDT resistance in insect pests? - All habitats should have received applications of DDT at about the same time. - The frequency of DDT application should have been higher. - DDT application should have been continual. - None of the insect pests would have genetic variations that resulted in DDT resistance.

None of the insect pests would have genetic variations that resulted in DDT resistance.

A female fly, full of fertilized eggs, is swept by high winds to an island far out to sea. She is the first fly to arrive on this island and the only fly to arrive in this way. Thousands of years later, her numerous offspring occupy the island, but none of them resembles her. There are, instead, several species, each of which eats only a certain type of food. None of the species can fly and their balancing organs (halteres) are now used in courtship displays. The male members of each species bear modified halteres that are unique in appearance to their species. Females bear vestigial halteres. The ranges of all of the daughter species overlap. Fly species W, found in a certain part of the island, produces fertile offspring with species Y. Species W does not produce fertile offspring with species X or Z. If no other species can hybridize, then which of the following statements about species W and Y are true? I) Species W and Y have genomes that are still similar enough for successful meiosis to occur in hybrid flies. II) Species W and Y have more genetic similarity with each other than either did with the other two species. III) Species W and Y may fuse into a single species if their hybrids remain fertile over the course of many generations. - Only II is correct. - Only I is correct. - I, II, and III are correct. - Only III is correct.

I, II, and III are correct

Darwin and Wallace were the first to propose ______. - That evolution occurs - A mechanism for how evolution occurs - That Earth is older than a few thousand years - Natural selection as the mechanism of evolution

Natural selection as the mechanism of evolution

Which of Darwin's ideas had the strongest connection to his reading of Malthus's essay on human population growth? - Struggle for existence - That the ancestors of the Galapagos finches had come from the South American mainland - Descent with modification - Variation among individuals in a population

Struggle for existence

Catatrophism was Cuvier's attempt to explain the existence of __________. - Evolution - The fossil record - Uniformitarianism - The origin of new species

The fossil record

Members of two different species possess a similar-looking structure that they use in a similar way to perform about the same function. Which of the following would suggest that the relationship more likely represents homology instead of convergent evolution? - The two species live at great distance from each other. - The structures in adult members of both species are similar in size. - Both species are well adapted to their particular environments. - The two species share many proteins in common, and the nucleotide sequences that code for these proteins are almost identical.

The two species share many proteins in common, and the nucleotide sequences that code for these proteins are almost identical.

A farmer uses triazine herbicide to control pigweed in her field. For the first few years, the triazine works well and almost all the pigweed dies; but after several years, the farmer sees more and more pigweed. Which of these explanations best explains what happened? - The herbicide company lost its triazine formula and started selling poor-quality triazine. - Natural selection caused the pigweed to mutate, creating a new triazine-resistant species. - Triazine-resistant weeds were more likely to survive and reproduce. - Triazine-resistant pigweed has less efficient photosynthesis metabolism.

Triazine-resistant weeds were more likely to survive and reproduce.