ILE 3 pre lab quiz
Metastatic progression describes the development of cancer. It involves a series of steps, which are: Cancer cells spread through the lymph system and blood vessels to other parts of the body A tumor grows from a single cancer cell Cancer cells are deposited to a site different from the primary tumor and establish a new tumor Cancer cells invade neighboring tissue Which of the following places the steps in the correct order?
2413
What happens to a normal cell when it can not fix its cellular damage?
It arrests at a checkpoint or initiates apoptosis
Cancer is group of diseases characterized by
Abnormal cells that engage in uncontrolled cell division AND can invade other tissues
In order for a normal cell to transform into a cancer cell, what must happen?
The cell must incur mutations in genes that are involved in cell division or its regulation.
How would you classify a tumor that is composed of abnormal noncancerous cells that have not spread to neighboring tissues including the lymph nodes and distant metastasis could not be evaluated in the patient?
Tis NO MX
Which of the following can cause mutations? Select one: a. Carcinogens b. Repeated physical injury c. Heat d. Ionizing radiation e. Viral infection f. Natural cellular processes like DNA replication g. All of the other choices are correct
all of the other choices are correct
Which of the following could result in cancer? Select one: a. A mutation that results in higher levels of a protein encoded by an oncogene. b. A mutation that results in an "always on" version of a protein encoded by an oncogene (i.e. can not be shut-off). c. A mutation that results in a nonfunctional version of a protein encoded by a tumor suppressor gene. d. All of the other choices are correct.
all of the other choices are correct
Which of the following can affect the effectiveness of a cancer therapy on a particular cancer? Select one: a. The particular combination of mutations in the cancer cells b. The cell type affected c. The stage of the cancer d. All of the other choices can affect the effectiveness of a cancer therapy
all of the other choices can affect the effectiveness of a cancer therapy
Which of the following statements are TRUE? Select one: a. The symptoms of cancer vary widely. b. The symptoms of cancer are dependent on the cell type affected. c. Symptoms of cancer can including bleeding from ulcerated tumors. d. Some cancers, even advanced cancers, can be asymptomatic. e. All of the other statements are true.
all of the other statements are true
Which of the following has profound implications on the combination of cancer therapies prescribed to a patient? Select one: a. The cell type affected b. The stage of the cancer c. Both cell type and stage are important and affect which cancer therapies are used
both cell type and stage are important and affect which cancer therapies are used
T/F All tumors are cancerous.
false
T/F Most cancers are caused by a single mutation.
false
T/F Only certain types of cells in our bodies can become cancerous.
false
Which of the following is FALSE about a cancer's stage? Select one: a. It describes the severity of a person's cancer. b. It takes into consideration the size and/or extent of the primary tumor. c. It takes into consideration if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body. d. It takes into consideration the site of the primary tumor and cell type. e. It does not take into consideration how closely the cancer cells resemble normal cells.
it does not take into consideration how closely the cancer cells resemble normal cells
___________________ is a type of cancer that starts in blood forming tissue like bone marrow.
leukemia
T/F Mutations are changes to the sequence or structure of DNA.
true
T/F Mutations in protein-encoding genes can cause the proteins to have abnormal functions or expression patterns.
true
T/F Normal cells can fix most but not all mutations.
true
T/F Some cancers are more susceptible to viral infection than normal cells; hence viral-based cancer therapies are being developed.
true
