Image manipulation

Monochrome

- The term 'monochrome' refers to a photo having one color ('mono' meaning one and 'chrome' meaning color). It is frequently used to describe a black and white photo but it also describes photos which contain a single tone, such as a sepia or rose tint. - Each pixel is stored as a single bit (0 or 1)  A 640 x 480 monochrome image requires 37.5 KB of storage.

black and white

- photo usually contains pixels which vary from black through many shades of gray to white.

Grayscale

-The term 'grayscale' refers to a photo which has only intensity (or lightness) values, rather than full RGB color values, for each pixel. -Each pixel is usually stored  as a byte (value between 0 to 255)  A 640 x 480 grayscale  image requires over 300 KB of storage

stamp clone tool

-selects and samples an area of your picture and then uses these pixels to paint over any marks. -acts like a brush so you can change the size, allowing cloning from just one pixel wide to hundreds.

Elia Locardi

Advanced Dynamic Blending is a concept introduced by photographer

image manipulation

Encompasses the processes of altering images, whether they are digital photographs, traditional photochemical photographs, or illustrations.

Image scaling

Image editors can resize images in a process often called____, making them larger, or smaller.

marching ants

The border of a selected area in an image is often animated with the __________ effect to help the user to distinguish the selection border from the image background.

automatic

This are called ______ because generally they happen without user interaction or are offered with one click of a button or mouse button or by selecting an option from a menu.

image slicing

This is useful to allow dynamic swapping via interactivity or animating parts of an image in the final presentation.

photo retouching

Traditional analog image editing. It also uses tools such as an airbrush to modify photographs, or editing illustrations with any traditional art medium

color swapping

abilities to selectively change the color of specific items in an image, given that the selected items are within a specific color range.

Lens Correction

are in most cases subtle, but can improve the appearance of some photographs. example of this are pincushion, fisheye and barrel distortions.

special effects

can be applied to an image which include various forms of distortion, artistic effects, geometric transforms and texture effects, or combinations

image orientation

capable of altering an image to be rotated in any direction and to any degree.

Cropping

creates a new image by selecting a desired rectangular portion from the image being cropped.

noise reduction

estimates the state of the scene without the noise and is not a substitute for obtaining a "cleaner" image.

Automatic Image Enhancement

features that correct color hue and brightness imbalances as well as other image editing features, such as red eye removal, sharpness adjustments, zoom features and automatic cropping.

marquee tool

for selecting rectangular or other regular polygon-shaped regions

lasso tool

freehand selection of a region

printing

is a process for reproducing text and images using a master form or template.

bit depth

is either the number of bits used to indicate the color of a single pixel, in a bitmapped image or video frame buffer, or the number of bits used for each color component of a single pixel.

gamma correction

particularly useful for bringing details that would be hard to see on most computer monitors out of shadows. In some image editing software this is called "curves", usually a tool found in the color menu

clone tool

parts of an image or remove unwanted objects

vector-based

pen tools is used for smooth-edged selections.

histogram

plots the number of pixels in the image (vertical axis) with a particular brightness value (horizontal axis).

data compression

reduce file size and save storage space.

dynamic blending

serve to display a consolidated moment. This means that while the final image may be a blend of a span of time, it visually appears to represent a single instant.

resampling

to calculate new pixel values whose spacing is larger or smaller than the original pixel values

magic wand

tool that selects objects or regions in the image defined by proximity of color or luminance

Layers

used in digital image editing to separate different elements of an image. It can be compared to a transparency on which imaging effects or images are applied and placed over or under an image. Today they are an integral feature of image editors.

perspective distortion

which results from photographs being taken at an oblique angle to a rectilinear subject.