Immunity PU
The nurse is teaching a newly diagnosed client about systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE). What statement by the client indicates the teaching was successful?
"The belief is that it is an autoimmune disorder with an unknown trigger."
A nurse is teaching the parents of an infant about primary immunodeficiencies. Which statement verifies that the parents understand the teaching?
"The majority of primary immunodeficiencies are diagnosed in infancy."
When obtaining a health history from a patient with possible abnormal immune function, what question would be a priority for the nurse to ask?
"Have you ever received a blood transfusion?"
A client at risk for pneumonia has been ordered an influenza vaccine. Which statement from the nurse best explains the rationale for this vaccine?
"Viruses like influenza are the most common cause of pneumonia."
The nurse is working with a parent whose child has just been diagnosed with selective immunoglobulin A deficiency. The parent asks the nurse, "Does this mean that my child is going to die?" How should the nurse respond?
"Your child has a mild genetic immune deficiency caused by a lack of immunoglobulin A, a type of antibody that protects against infections of the lining the mouth and digestive tract."
The nurse is preparing a client for skin testing. The client has been taking an over-the-counter allergy medication. The nurse would instruct the client to stop taking the medication at which time before the test?
2 to 4 days
The nurse is caring for a client experiencing an anaphylactic reaction. The nurse prepares for the maximum intensity of histamine response to occur within which time frame?
5 to 10 minutes
A new client walking in to the health care center is actively wheezing and reports frequent episodes of wheezing. Based on the client's responses during the interview, the nurse suspects the client has a variety of food allergies. What nutritional assessment method should the nurse include in the plan of care?
A 3- to 7-day food record
The nurse is instructing clients about the importance of taking the shingles vaccine. Which client would benefit from this vaccine?
A 65-year-old client who had chicken pox when he was 12 years old
A nurse educator is preparing to discuss immunodeficiency disorders with a group of fellow nurses. What would the nurse identify as the most common secondary immunodeficiency disorder?
AIDS
Myasthenia gravis occurs when antibodies attack which receptor sites?
Acetylcholine
A client is experiencing an acute exacerbation of rheumatoid arthritis. What should the nursing priority be?
Administering ordered analgesics and monitoring their effects
Which type of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is characterized by cells from a donor other than the patient?
Allogeneic
A client comes into the emergency department reporting difficulty walking and loss of muscle control in the arms. Once the nurse begins the physical examination, which assessment should be completed if an immune dysfunction in the neurosensory system is suspected?
Assess for ataxia using the finger-to-nose test and heel-to-shin test
Which assessment should be completed if immune dysfunction is suspected in the neurosensory system?
Ataxia
What treatment option does the nurse anticipate for the patient with severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID)?
Bone marrow transplantation
The nurse is discussing childhood immunization recommendations with a pediatric patient's parent. Where would the nurse find the most current information on this topic?
CDC
A nurse cares for a client with early Hodgkin lymphoma. While assessing the client, the nurse will most likely find painless enlargement of which lymph node?
Cervical
A nurse is caring for a client with eczema. Which medication would be prescribed when an allergy is a factor causing the skin disorder?
Chlorpheniramine
A patient has a sensitivity to ragweed and tells the nurse that it comes at the same time every year. When does the patient typically notice the symptoms?
Early fall
The nursing instructor is talking about HIV/AIDS with their pre-nursing pathophysiology class. The instructor explains to the class that the virus that causes HIV/AIDS is called a retrovirus. What characteristics of this retrovirus would the instructor talk with the class about?
HIV-1 and HIV-2 subtypes
Which factor contributes to UTI in older adults?
Immunocompromise
What does the nurse understand will result if the patient has a deficiency in the normal level of complement?
Increased susceptibility to infection
The nurse is aware that the most prevalent cause of immunodeficiency worldwide is
Malnutrition
A 25-year-old client receives a knife wound to the leg in a hunting accident. Which type of immunity was compromised?
Natural immunity
Which type of immunity becomes active as a result of infection by a specific microorganism?
Naturally acquired active immunity
A client diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus comes to the emergency department with severe back pain. The client is taking prednisone daily and reported feeling pain after manually opening the garage door. What adverse effect of long-term corticosteroid therapy is most likely responsible for the pain?
Osteoporosis
A nurse is preparing a patient with a history of allergies for diagnostic testing. Which of the following would the nurse anticipate as being most likely?
Patch testing
A nurse knows that more than 50% of clients with CVID develop the following disorder.
Pernicious anemia
What is the function of the thymus gland?
Programs T lymphocytes to become regulator or effector T cells
The nurse is screening donors for blood donation. Which client is an acceptable donor for blood?
Reports having a cold 1 month ago that resolved quickly
A client in a late stage of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) shows signs of AIDS-related dementia. Which nursing diagnosis takes highest priority?
Risk for injury
The nurse is caring for a client recovering from a major burn. Burns affect the immune system by causing a loss of large amounts of which of the following?
Serum, which depletes the body's store of immunoglobulins
A client has begun to suffer from rheumatoid arthritis and is being assessed for disorders of the immune system. The client works as an aide at a facility that cares for children infected with AIDS. What is the most important factor related to the client's assessment?
The client's use of other drugs
Which type of shock occurs from an antigen-antibody response?
anaphylactic
The nurse is caring for a patient with an immunodeficiency disorder. What cardinal symptoms of immunodeficiency does the nurse recognize while caring for this patient? (Select all that apply.)
chronic diarrhea, chronic or recurrent severe infections, poor response to the treatment with antibiotics
Based on the nurse's base knowledge of primary immunodeficiencies, how would the nurse complete this statement? Primary immunodeficiencies
develop early in life after protection from maternal antibodies decreases.
The nurse is administering intravenous vancomycin. What will the nurse initially assess the client for if an allergic reaction occurs?
dyspnea, bronchospasm, and/or laryngeal edema
Decades ago, before the role of the tonsils and adenoids was better understood, it was typical after repeated bouts with tonsillitis to have a tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. Today it is understood that the tonsils and adenoids are lymphoid tissues that:
filter bacteria from tissue fluid.
What types of cells are the primary targets of the healthy immune system? Select all that apply.
foreign cells infectious cells cancerous cells
The body has several mechanisms to fight disease, one of which is sending chemical messengers. The messengers released by lymphocytes, monocytes, and macrophages have differing roles in the immune response. Which messenger enables cells to resist viral replication and slow viral replication?
interferons
The nurse teaches the client who demonstrates herpes zoster (shingles) that
the infection results from reactivation of the chickenpox virus.
The lower the client's viral load,
the longer the survival time.
The balance between the amount of HIV in the body and the immune response is the
viral set point.
A nurse assesses a client in the health care provider's office. Which assessment findings support a suspicion of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?
Facial erythema, pericarditis, pleuritis, fever, and weight loss
Which instruction should be included in the discharge teaching plan for a client after thyroidectomy for Graves' disease?
Have regular follow-up care.
Under normal conditions, the adult bone marrow produces approximately 70 billion neutrophils. What is the major function of neutrophils?
Phagocytosis
Which statement reflects what is known about the Ebola virus?
The diagnosis should be considered in a client who has a febrile, hemorrhagic illness after traveling to Asia or Africa.
A child has just been diagnosed with a primary immune deficiency. The parents state, "Oh, no. Our child has AIDS." Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate?
"Although AIDS is an immune deficiency, your child's condition is different from AIDS."
The nurse is instructing the family on home care of a client with shingles. The family member asks whether their teenage children should stay in a different room. What is the best response by the nurse?
"Have they had chickenpox or the varicella vaccine?"
The nurse tells the client that if exposure to an allergen occurs around 8:00 AM, then the client should expect a mild or moderate reaction by what time?
10:00 AM
A client has been having joint pain and swelling in the left foot and is diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. The symptoms began suddenly without any identifiable cause, and the client has significant joint destruction. What type of disease is this considered?
Autoimmune
A nurse comes to the employee health center for evaluation and is diagnosed with allergic contact dermatitis related to latex. What manifestation would the nurse most likely exhibit?
Blistering
A nurse is monitoring the client's progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). What debilitating gastrointestinal condition found in up to 90% of all AIDS clients should the nurse be aware of?
Chronic diarrhea
Which of the following is the most frequent route of exposure to a latex allergy?
Cutaneous
Which of the following are immunosuppressants that prevent the patient's lymphocytes from destroying the stem cells in a patient diagnosed with aplastic anemia? Select all that apply.
Cyclophosphamide ATG Cyclosporine Corticosteroids
A patient is to receive Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG), a nonspecific biologic response modifier. Why would the patient receive this form of treatment?
For cancer of the bladder
A client is having chronic pain from arthritis. What type of hormone is released in response to the stress of this pain that suppresses inflammation and helps the body withstand stress?
Glucocorticoids
A client with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) comes to the clinic and is experiencing white patches on the lateral border of the tongue. What type of lesions does the nurse document?
Hairy leukoplakia
The nurse is evaluating a client's complete blood cell count and differential along with the serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) concentration. Which result might indicate that the client has an allergic disorder?
High IgE concentration
Which of the following protective responses begin with the B lymphocytes?
Humoral
A client develops a facial rash and urticaria after receiving penicillin. Which laboratory value does the nurse expect to be elevated?
IgE
What type of immunoglobulin does the nurse recognize that promotes the release of vasoactive chemicals such as histamine when a client is having an allergic reaction?
IgE
Asthma is cause by which type of response?
IgE-mediated
The nurse assesses the client and observes reddish-purple to dark blue macules, plaques, and nodules. The nurse recognizes that these manifestations are associated with which condition?
Kaposi sarcoma
Which term refers to a form of white blood cell involved in immune response?
Lymphocyte
What is histamine, a mediator that supports the inflammatory process in asthma, secreted by?
Mast cells
A client with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) develops a nonproductive cough, shortness of breath, a fever of 101°F and an O2 saturation of 92%. What infection caused by Pneumocystis jiroveci does the nurse know could occur with this client?
Pneumocystis pneumonia
A client is diagnosed with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). What would the nurse expect to integrate into the client's plan of care?
Preparation for bone marrow transplantation
A client with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) complains that his hands become pale, blue, and painful when exposed to the cold. What disease should the nurse cite as an explanation for these signs and symptoms?
Raynaud's disease
What kind of otitis media is a pathogen-free fluid behind the tympanic membrane, resulting from irritation associated with respiratory allergies and enlarged adenoids?
Serous otitis media
The nurse is working with a colleague who has a delayed hypersensitivity (type IV) allergic reaction to latex. Which statement describes the clinical manifestations of this reaction?
Symptoms are localized to the area of exposure, usually the back of the hands.
A nurse, caring for a client with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), reviews the client's differential WBC count. What type of WBC will the nurse check the level of?
T lymphocytes
T-cell deficiency occurs when which gland fails to develop normally during embryogenesis?
Thymus
A client is scheduled to receive an intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) infusion. The client asks the nurse about the infusion's administration and its adverse effects. Which condition should the nurse instruct this client to report immediately?
Tickle in the throat
The nurse explains to a client that immunotherapy initially starts with injections at which interval?
Weekly
The nurse is working with a client with allergies. What will the nurse use to confirm allergies and decrease the risk of anaphylaxis?
intradermal testing
A nursing instructor is giving a lecture on the immune system. The instructor's discussion on phagocytosis will include:
neutrophils and monocytes.
A client with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, an autosomal recessive disorder, asks the nurse, "Will my children have this disease?" Which response by the nurse is appropriate?
"All of your children will be carriers of the recessive gene but may not develop the disease."
The nurse is giving an educational talk to a local parent-teacher association. A parent asks how he can help his family avoid community-acquired infections. What would be the nurse's best response to help prevent and control community-acquired infections?
"Make sure your family has all their childhood immunizations."
A nurse is explaining treatment options to a client diagnosed with an immune dysfunction. Which statement by the client accurately reflects the teaching about current stem cell research?
"Stem cell transplantation has been carried out in humans with certain types of immune dysfunction, and clinical trials using stem cells are underway in clients with a variety of disorders with an autoimmune component."
A client suspected of having systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is being scheduled for testing. The client asks which of the tests ordered will determine positivity for the disorder. Which statement by the nurse is most accurate?
"The diagnosis won't be based on the findings of a single test but by combining all data found."
A patient was seen in the clinic 3 days previously for allergic rhinitis and was given a prescription for a corticosteroid nasal spray. The patient calls the clinic and tells the nurse that the nasal spray is not working. What is the best response by the nurse?
"The full benefit of the medication may take up to 2 weeks to be achieved."
A nursing instructor is evaluating a student caring for a neutropenic client. The instructor concludes that the nursing student demonstrates accurate knowledge of neutropenia based on which intervention?
A nursing instructor is evaluating a student caring for a neutropenic client. The instructor concludes that the nursing student demonstrates accurate knowledge of neutropenia based on which intervention?
A nurse is caring for a client undergoing evaluation for possible immune system disorders. Which intervention will best help support the client throughout the diagnostic process?
Educate the client about the diagnostic procedures and answer their questions about the possible diagnosis
Which body substance causes increased gastric secretion, dilation of capillaries, and constriction of the bronchial smooth muscle?
Histamine
Which term means a lack of one or more of the five immunoglobulins?
Hypogammaglobulinemia
A patient is diagnosed with psoriasis after developing scales on the scalp, elbows, and behind the knees. The patient asks the nurse where this was "caught." What is the best response by the nurse?
Psoriasis is an inflammatory dermatosis that results from an overproduction of keratin.
Which type of lymphocyte is responsible for cellular immunity?
T lymphocyte
A client that is HIV+ has been diagnosed with Pneumocystis pneumonia caused by P. jiroveci. What medication does the nurse expect that the client will take for the treatment of this infection?
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
The nurse is obtaining an assessment and health history from the parents of a 6-month-old infant with an elevated temperature. Which statement by the parents alerts the nurse to a possible immunodeficiency disorder?
"This is the third infection with a high fever the baby has had in the past month."
A client is informed that his white blood cell count is low and that he is at risk for the development of infections. The client asks, "Where do I make new white blood cells?" What is the best response by the nurse?
"White blood cells are produced in the bone marrow."
There are major differences between primary and secondary immunodeficiencies. Select the most accurate statement the nurse would use to explain the cause of a secondary immunodeficiency.
"Your immune system was most likely affected by an underlying disease process."
During an annual examination, an older client tells the nurse, "I don't understand why I need to have so many cancer screening tests now. I feel just fine!" Based on knowledge of neoplastic disease and the aging immune system, what teaching should the nurse include in the client's plan of care? Select all that apply.
Tumor cells may possess special blocking factors that coat tumor cells and prevent their destruction by killer T lymphocytes; therefore the body may not recognize the tumor as foreign and fail to destroy the malignant cells. Routine screening increases the chance of finding and treating cancer early. The increase in occurrence of autoimmune diseases with aging strongly suggests a predisposition toward various types of cancer due to the body's inability to differentiate between self and nonself. Routine screening increases the chance of finding and treating cancer early. Nutritional intake to support a competent immune response plays an important role in reducing the incidence of cancer. A healthy diet including protein, vitamins, minerals, and some fats can alter the risk of cancer development.