Immunology
Given the following hepatitis B serology results, what is the immune status of the patient
Acute infection
Which of the following autoantibodies would be usually found in a patient with Hashimoto's thyroiditis
Antithyroid peroxidase (TPO)
Most disorders associated with a primary immunodeficiency are _________ disorders
B cell
Which of the following laboratory tests is used as an indicator of inflammation
C-reactive protein (CRP)
Which of the following tumor markers is widely used for the detection of colorectal cancers?
CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen)
Central Tolerance in a human immune defense system operates by
Clonal deletion of T cells and clonal editing of B cells
The antibody most frequently present in systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) patients is directed against
Nuclear antigen
When are data collected ima real-time PCR procedure
During nucleic acid amplification
Which of the following serological tests would be used for the diagnosis if Q-fever
EIA or indirect immunofluorescence
When a polyclonal gammopathy is compared to a monoclonal gammopathy, a patient with a polyclonal gammopathy has:
Elevated levels of several classes of immunoglobulin molecules.
Which of the following statements about endocytosis is incorrect
Endocytosis is the process by which phagosomes expel the macromolecules inside
I'm what trimester is there the greatest risk for the manifestation of complications in maternal rubella infection?
First trimester
What zero-marker is the first marker to become positive in Hepatitis B and is associated with the infective stage?
HBs antigen
What is the expected serological response in an immunocompetent patient who has been vaccinated for hepatitis B
HBsAg (neg), Anti-HBc(neg), anti-HBs (pos)
What three hepatitis B virus (HBV) early markers are detectable in serum during the first two months after infection?
HBsAg, HBeAg, anti-HBc
False positive results for HIV are most likely to occur in patients that
Have an autoimmune disorder
What section of immunoglobulin molecule is responsible for the difference between immunoglobulin classes
Heavy chains
Which if the following blood tests can be collected in a serum separation tube (SST)
Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)
All of the following are advantages of HEp-2 and HEp-2000 over rodent tissue as cell substrates for ANA testing, EXCEPT?
Human cell lines do not express Ro (SS-A) antigen
All of the following are true about hybridization in PCR procedures, EXCEPT
Hybridization cannot happen between a strand of DNA and a strand of RNA
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF), caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, is MOST reliable diagnosed by which laboratory technique
IFA testing
Which antibody class is best described with that characteristic that it is the only one capable of residing in mucosal linings?
IgA
The antibody mediator associated with a Type I Hypersensitivity Reaction is
IgE
Which of the following immunoglobulin classes is chiefly responsible for the degranulation of mast cells and basophils
IgE
Antibodies of which of the following immunoglobulin subclasses is predominantly associated with the secondary antibody response
IgG
The immunoglobulin class responsible for the etiology of Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn (HDFN) is
IgG
What characteristics differentiates a secondary immune response from a primary immune response?
IgG is the predominant antibody class produced in the secondary immune response compared to the primary immune response
A primary immune response is generally associated with which antibody?
IgM
In an autoimmune disorder, conditions influencing the development of a disorder include the following factors with the exception of
Increased discrimination of self from non-self antigens
All of the following are features of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), EXCEPT
Increased serum complement
Which of the following types of lymphocytes express CD4
Only T-helper cells
Two biologically functional characteristics of immunoglobin G (IgG) are:
Opsonization of antigens for phagocytosis by macrophages and neutrophils; neonatal immunity by transfer of maternal antibodies across the placenta and gut of the fetus.
Which of the following blood smear observations would support the diagnosis of Multiple Myeloma if a patient demonstrates plasma cells in his bone marrow and had an elevated serum IgG?
Rouleaux formation
Which if the following statements is FALSE
Secretory cells of the innate immune system are antigen specific
contact dermatitis is mediated by
T lymphocytes
Which if the following tests is used to confirm a syphilis infection after another method tests prosístico for syphilis
T. Pallidum particle agglutination (TP-PA) test
Which of the following autoantibodies are found in a patient with Graves' disease but not typically seen in Hashimoto's thyroiditis
Thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibodies (TRAbs)
The name of a reaction between a single antigenic determinant and an individual combining site is
affinity
The least immunogenic transplant tissue is
corneas
Which laboratory assay is a highly specific indicator and the most sensitive assay for a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis
cyclic citrullinated peptide
A nasopharyngeal specimen is processed and fixed onto a microscope slide. Next, the fluorescein-conjugated antibody is added to the slide . The specimen is incubated with the labeled antibody, washed, and then observed for fluorescence. Which of the following techniques best describes this process?
direct immunofluorescence
Concerning antigen-antibody reactions, the prozone effect causes which of the following results?
false negative
The classic TORCH panel of tests includes the following diseases with the exception of
infectious mononucleosis
Antigen processing is primarily accomplished by what type of cells
macrophages
Polymorphisms for HLA class II genes are predominantly found on which exon
2
When should acute and convalescent blood specimens be collected from a patient for the detection of antibody concentration related to a specific infectious disease?
2 weeks apart
Which of the following kappa / lambda ratios are found in normal B cells?
2:1
Within what period of time after performance of the tuberculin skin test (TST) should the results be read?
48-72 hours
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) is characterized by all of the following immunodeficiencies EXCEPT
A deficiency of stem cells
A hapten can BEST be described as:
A nonimmunogenic material capable of stimulating an immune response only when bound to a carrier protein
According to the HIV testing algorithm from the CDC, all of the following statements are true, EXCEPT:
A nonreactive screening test to either HIV-1 or HIV-2 is confirmation that a patient does not have HIV.
Prozone is observed in:
A patient sample in which the serum contains a high titer of antibody
The following characteristics are applicable to interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) except
Can be used in patients with active tuberculosis disease symptoms
A representative congenital neutrophil function disorder is
Chédiak-Higashi syndrome
Nephelometry and turbidimetry measure different properties of:
Light transmission and scatter by particles in suspension
Tumor markers are especially valuable when used to
Monitor response to cancer therapy
Which of the following best describes the benefits of the RPR or VDRL tests
Monitoring course of treatment
How does the laboratory immunologic assessment of Waldenstrom's Primary Macroglobulinemia differ from other monoclonal gammopathies?
Overproduction of IgM antibodies
Hyperacute rejection of a transplanted organ is caused by
Patient sensitization to donor antigens
Which components characterize the second line of human body defense against microbial pathogens
Phagocytic neutrophils and macrophages
A false-positive result am be observed in a rheumatoid factor latex agglutination procedure reaction due to
Poor specimen quality
What has happened in an antibody titer, if tubes #5-7 show a stronger reaction than tubes #1-4?
Prozone reaction
Which of the following abnormal white blood cells is most commonly found in a peripheral smear of a patient with infectious mononucleosis
Reactive lymphocytes
The term TITER (as it applies to the measurement of antibodies) is best defined as
Reciprocal of maximum reactive dilution
The prozone effect can be described by all of the following EXCEPT
Results in a false positive reaction
HLA antibodies are responsible for which of the following transfusion reactions?
Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)
Nephelometry is based on the principle of
Turbidity resulting from specific antigen-coated latex particles agglutinated by corresponding antibody
The type of hypersensitivity reaction associated with macrophage activation, cytokine-mediate inflammation is:
Type IV Cell mediated hypersensitivity (T-cell dependent)
Which of the following types of molecules is most likely to be antigenic/immunogenic
proteins
Vaccines can be divided into the following non-experimental types with the exception of
recombinant vector
Patients with antibody to the following antigen are immune to hepatitis B
surface antigen (HBsAg)