Immunology

Given the following hepatitis B serology results, what is the immune status of the patient

Acute infection

Which of the following autoantibodies would be usually found in a patient with Hashimoto's thyroiditis

Antithyroid peroxidase (TPO)

Most disorders associated with a primary immunodeficiency are _________ disorders

B cell

Which of the following laboratory tests is used as an indicator of inflammation

C-reactive protein (CRP)

Which of the following tumor markers is widely used for the detection of colorectal cancers?

CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen)

Central Tolerance in a human immune defense system operates by

Clonal deletion of T cells and clonal editing of B cells

The antibody most frequently present in systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) patients is directed against

Nuclear antigen

When are data collected ima real-time PCR procedure

During nucleic acid amplification

Which of the following serological tests would be used for the diagnosis if Q-fever

EIA or indirect immunofluorescence

When a polyclonal gammopathy is compared to a monoclonal gammopathy, a patient with a polyclonal gammopathy has:

Elevated levels of several classes of immunoglobulin molecules.

Which of the following statements about endocytosis is incorrect

Endocytosis is the process by which phagosomes expel the macromolecules inside

I'm what trimester is there the greatest risk for the manifestation of complications in maternal rubella infection?

First trimester

What zero-marker is the first marker to become positive in Hepatitis B and is associated with the infective stage?

HBs antigen

What is the expected serological response in an immunocompetent patient who has been vaccinated for hepatitis B

HBsAg (neg), Anti-HBc(neg), anti-HBs (pos)

What three hepatitis B virus (HBV) early markers are detectable in serum during the first two months after infection?

HBsAg, HBeAg, anti-HBc

False positive results for HIV are most likely to occur in patients that

Have an autoimmune disorder

What section of immunoglobulin molecule is responsible for the difference between immunoglobulin classes

Heavy chains

Which if the following blood tests can be collected in a serum separation tube (SST)

Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)

All of the following are advantages of HEp-2 and HEp-2000 over rodent tissue as cell substrates for ANA testing, EXCEPT?

Human cell lines do not express Ro (SS-A) antigen

All of the following are true about hybridization in PCR procedures, EXCEPT

Hybridization cannot happen between a strand of DNA and a strand of RNA

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF), caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, is MOST reliable diagnosed by which laboratory technique

IFA testing

Which antibody class is best described with that characteristic that it is the only one capable of residing in mucosal linings?

IgA

The antibody mediator associated with a Type I Hypersensitivity Reaction is

IgE

Which of the following immunoglobulin classes is chiefly responsible for the degranulation of mast cells and basophils

IgE

Antibodies of which of the following immunoglobulin subclasses is predominantly associated with the secondary antibody response

IgG

The immunoglobulin class responsible for the etiology of Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn (HDFN) is

IgG

What characteristics differentiates a secondary immune response from a primary immune response?

IgG is the predominant antibody class produced in the secondary immune response compared to the primary immune response

A primary immune response is generally associated with which antibody?

IgM

In an autoimmune disorder, conditions influencing the development of a disorder include the following factors with the exception of

Increased discrimination of self from non-self antigens

All of the following are features of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), EXCEPT

Increased serum complement

Which of the following types of lymphocytes express CD4

Only T-helper cells

Two biologically functional characteristics of immunoglobin G (IgG) are:

Opsonization of antigens for phagocytosis by macrophages and neutrophils; neonatal immunity by transfer of maternal antibodies across the placenta and gut of the fetus.

Which of the following blood smear observations would support the diagnosis of Multiple Myeloma if a patient demonstrates plasma cells in his bone marrow and had an elevated serum IgG?

Rouleaux formation

Which if the following statements is FALSE

Secretory cells of the innate immune system are antigen specific

contact dermatitis is mediated by

T lymphocytes

Which if the following tests is used to confirm a syphilis infection after another method tests prosístico for syphilis

T. Pallidum particle agglutination (TP-PA) test

Which of the following autoantibodies are found in a patient with Graves' disease but not typically seen in Hashimoto's thyroiditis

Thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibodies (TRAbs)

The name of a reaction between a single antigenic determinant and an individual combining site is

affinity

The least immunogenic transplant tissue is

corneas

Which laboratory assay is a highly specific indicator and the most sensitive assay for a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis

cyclic citrullinated peptide

A nasopharyngeal specimen is processed and fixed onto a microscope slide. Next, the fluorescein-conjugated antibody is added to the slide . The specimen is incubated with the labeled antibody, washed, and then observed for fluorescence. Which of the following techniques best describes this process?

direct immunofluorescence

Concerning antigen-antibody reactions, the prozone effect causes which of the following results?

false negative

The classic TORCH panel of tests includes the following diseases with the exception of

infectious mononucleosis

Antigen processing is primarily accomplished by what type of cells

macrophages

Polymorphisms for HLA class II genes are predominantly found on which exon

2

When should acute and convalescent blood specimens be collected from a patient for the detection of antibody concentration related to a specific infectious disease?

2 weeks apart

Which of the following kappa / lambda ratios are found in normal B cells?

2:1

Within what period of time after performance of the tuberculin skin test (TST) should the results be read?

48-72 hours

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) is characterized by all of the following immunodeficiencies EXCEPT

A deficiency of stem cells

A hapten can BEST be described as:

A nonimmunogenic material capable of stimulating an immune response only when bound to a carrier protein

According to the HIV testing algorithm from the CDC, all of the following statements are true, EXCEPT:

A nonreactive screening test to either HIV-1 or HIV-2 is confirmation that a patient does not have HIV.

Prozone is observed in:

A patient sample in which the serum contains a high titer of antibody

The following characteristics are applicable to interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) except

Can be used in patients with active tuberculosis disease symptoms

A representative congenital neutrophil function disorder is

Chédiak-Higashi syndrome

Nephelometry and turbidimetry measure different properties of:

Light transmission and scatter by particles in suspension

Tumor markers are especially valuable when used to

Monitor response to cancer therapy

Which of the following best describes the benefits of the RPR or VDRL tests

Monitoring course of treatment

How does the laboratory immunologic assessment of Waldenstrom's Primary Macroglobulinemia differ from other monoclonal gammopathies?

Overproduction of IgM antibodies

Hyperacute rejection of a transplanted organ is caused by

Patient sensitization to donor antigens

Which components characterize the second line of human body defense against microbial pathogens

Phagocytic neutrophils and macrophages

A false-positive result am be observed in a rheumatoid factor latex agglutination procedure reaction due to

Poor specimen quality

What has happened in an antibody titer, if tubes #5-7 show a stronger reaction than tubes #1-4?

Prozone reaction

Which of the following abnormal white blood cells is most commonly found in a peripheral smear of a patient with infectious mononucleosis

Reactive lymphocytes

The term TITER (as it applies to the measurement of antibodies) is best defined as

Reciprocal of maximum reactive dilution

The prozone effect can be described by all of the following EXCEPT

Results in a false positive reaction

HLA antibodies are responsible for which of the following transfusion reactions?

Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)

Nephelometry is based on the principle of

Turbidity resulting from specific antigen-coated latex particles agglutinated by corresponding antibody

The type of hypersensitivity reaction associated with macrophage activation, cytokine-mediate inflammation is:

Type IV Cell mediated hypersensitivity (T-cell dependent)

Which of the following types of molecules is most likely to be antigenic/immunogenic

proteins

Vaccines can be divided into the following non-experimental types with the exception of

recombinant vector

Patients with antibody to the following antigen are immune to hepatitis B

surface antigen (HBsAg)