In-group heterogeneity vs out-group homogeneity

Conditions to reduce prejudice

1. Equal social status 2 .Social norms that favor equality 3. Inter-group cooperation 4. Friendship potential 5. Sustained close contact

Ethnocentrism

Evaluating other cultures according to preconceptions originating from the standards/customs of one's own culture -Outcome of competition -Increased hostility to out-group -Intensification of group loyalty

Social identity theory

Individual identity and worth of a person is linked to the status/performance of in-group

Out-group homogeneity effect

Perception of out-group members as being more similar to each other than in-group members -Likely to occur between competing groups -When judging relatively few members

In-group heterogeneity effect

See in-group members as distinct and complex

In-group bias

Tendency to give more favorable evaluations and greater rewards to in-group members

Contact hypothesis

Under certain conditions,direct contact between antagonistic groups will reduce prejudice

Realistic conflict theory

When groups compete for limited resources,they experience conflict and prejudice and discrimination arises