In-group heterogeneity vs out-group homogeneity
Conditions to reduce prejudice
1. Equal social status 2 .Social norms that favor equality 3. Inter-group cooperation 4. Friendship potential 5. Sustained close contact
Ethnocentrism
Evaluating other cultures according to preconceptions originating from the standards/customs of one's own culture -Outcome of competition -Increased hostility to out-group -Intensification of group loyalty
Social identity theory
Individual identity and worth of a person is linked to the status/performance of in-group
Out-group homogeneity effect
Perception of out-group members as being more similar to each other than in-group members -Likely to occur between competing groups -When judging relatively few members
In-group heterogeneity effect
See in-group members as distinct and complex
In-group bias
Tendency to give more favorable evaluations and greater rewards to in-group members
Contact hypothesis
Under certain conditions,direct contact between antagonistic groups will reduce prejudice
Realistic conflict theory
When groups compete for limited resources,they experience conflict and prejudice and discrimination arises