Inclusive fitness

altrusism

an act that is costly to the actor and benefits the recipient

inclusive fitness theory

or kin selection- behaviours evolve to spread genes either directly (increasing own reproduction and survival) or indirectly (increasing the survival/ reproduction of kin)

What are the misunderstanding of IFT?

1. Mowk says IF AND dARWIN ARE SAME IF is not the same as darwinian fitness. Darwin didnt consider extra offsring from kin, indirect. Fisher said Indirect is not important. 2. Nowak says relatedness is kinship Relatedness is not kinship, only works when theres weak selection. Haldane 2 brothers, 8 cousins - use price equation to work out relatedness. Relatedness should be workout out in relation to population. should either assume weak seletinon and not work out relatedness or use molecular data to work out relatedness 3, IFT doesnt require weak selection. 4. Assortment of phenotypes is not more fundamental than relatedness, socail behaviour isnt more important than socail genes 5. Group selection is kin selection - both rules are from same evoultionary description. they are mathemitclly equivalent group selection people dont beleive in IF so they says theres not a unit that there trying to get.

eusocailty and Nowak

Evolution of eusociality cannot be explained by IFT, but it does and shows how it evolved in monogamous window and why its correlated with certain conditions.

Fisher

Founder of neo Darwinism - traits that are favoured through NS inincrease individual fitness and indirect fitness is probs unimportant

Nowak

IFT is useless in natural world, but argument are based on misunderstanding evolutionary theory Hes wrong about 1. IFT and NS are the linked. NS leads to adaapted organsims to max their fitness. 2. IFT doesnt have strick assumptions ( weak selection special popualatiom structure) its simple and splits NS into direct and indirect components. 3. Says IFT has no biological insight- only hypothtical explanations.

What happens in sex allocation?

IFT shows sex allocation varies with female density, disperal and many other things across a wide range of species. IFT explains the sex ratio variance across species.

cooperation

behaviour that benefits another individual and is selected for because of he benefit on the recipient

neo Darwinian model

bringing together natural selection mendelian genetics, and population genetics into theory.

Darwin

if organsisms exist for the sole purpose of good of another species that would destroy natural selection theory. should act to increase own fitness, cooperation is counter intutitive, and should be selected against

Hamilton

inclusive fitness theory, could see the potential for the evolution theory of altruism , cooperation is favoured by natural selection if Rb>c. based IFT on DArwins and Fishers ideas

natural selection

process by which indiviuals of different genotypes make a differential contribution to the next generation

what behaviours have IFT help us understand?

sex allocation, selfish genetic elements, spite, evolution of eusocailty, cooperative breeding