INEN 3380 Test 3

Compare and contrast the three different design strategies.

- Design for average is cheapest. 50-60% of population - Design for extremes accommodates all but top and bottom 10% - Design for adjustability; larger % of population, but higher cost of implementation

The optimum line of sight is roughly _______ degrees below the horizontal.

-15 degrees

The three most important task factors leading to cumulative trauma disorders are_____. (Choose all that apply)

-Force -Posture -Frequency

The key concerns in designing a power tool are _______.

-Minimizing vibrations -Minimizing reaction torque -Maintaining neutral hand -Maintaining neutral wrist

What are some of the biases that may negatively affect a person s decision making? (Choose all that apply)

-a limited number of cues or pieces of information are used -undue weight is given to early cues -inattention is given to later cues -prominent cues are given more weight

The principles for effective control display compatibility are _____. (Choose all that apply)

-affordance -mapping -feedback

The four principles for arranging components on a panel are _____. (Choose all that apply)

-frequency of use -importance -sequence of use -functionality

There are four possible outcomes explained by signal detection theory, they are______. (Choose all that apply)

-hit -miss -false alarm -correction rejection

Choose the five stages of the human information processing model. (Choose all that apply)

-perception -decision and response -memory -response execution -attentional resources

The most critical features in a good ergonomic chair are ____________. (choose all that apply)

-proper seat height -an adjustable seat back with lumbar support

The three main requirements for a worker to claim Workmen s Compensation are_______. (Choose all that apply)

-the injury must have resulted from an accident -the injury must have arisen out of employment -the injury must have occurred during the course of employment

The three classifications of vibration exposure are________. (Choose all that apply)

-the major portion of the body -transmission from a supporting area -localized to a small body area

What is the optimum line of sight?

15 degrees below horizontal

What seat width would accommodate 90 percent of adults?

17.2 in or larger. 17.2 fits 95% of females

Your team is designing a seat for an airline, you have been instructed that the seat must accommodate the 95th percentile for men and women in regards to the width of the seat. This width is _______.

17.2 inches

According to the present OSHA law, how many continuous hours per day of a 100-dBA sound level would be permissible?

2 hours in 8 hour shift

In terms of the human operator, the bandwidth for motor-processing task could be as low as 6 to 7 bits per second are as high as_____ bits per second for speech communication.

50

You and your team are designing a chair for a desk. You have been instructed that the chair needs to be able to adjust for the 5% percentile of women through the 95th percentile of men e height sitting . How much adjustment does the chair need to have?

7.2

What is the approximate decimal value of a grinder being used to grind high-carbon steel. (In decibels)

95-100

What would be the approximate decibel value of a grinder being used to grind a high-carbon steel?

95-100dB

List the three principles for effective control-display compatibility.

Affordance, mapping, feedback

What is the relationship between contrast and visibility?

Blackwell's curves. Contrast and visibility are directly related. As one increases so does the other.

Distinguish between broadband noise and meaningful noise.

Broadband is frequencies across spectrum, continuous and intermittent. Meaningful noise distracting sound that will have impact on efficiency, but not hearing loss.

What footcandle intensity would you recommend 30 in above the floor in the company washroom?

Category C, 10-20 foot candles illumination.

The _______ determines whether any spike or increase in accidents is statistically significant and therefore be focused on.

Chi-square analysis

Explain how sales may be influenced by colors.

Color has psychological effects on people.

What is "control movement without system response" known as?

Deadspace

An and gate is the measure of the severity associated with the head event in a fault tree and allows for the numerical comparison of the cost/benefits of different alternatives.

False

Components in series increased a systems reliability while components in parallel decrease a systems reliability.

False

Contrast and visibility are inversely related; as the contrast increases, visibility decreases.

False

In the domino theory there are six theoretical dominoes . They are lack of control, basic causes, immediate causes, the accident, the resulting injury, and the corrective action.

False

OSHA has visited your site and issued no citations. This is an example of nonserious violation .

False

Risk analysis provides a qualitative measure to calculate the potential risk for an accident or injury and the reduction of risk due to safety modifications. This numerical approach improves the decision-making process.

False

The main components of a good graphical user interface include the use of windows, icons, menus and placards, sometimes collectively termed WIMP.

False

The quality of light and task performance is affected by the amount of gamma rays, the contrast and the visual light.

False

The reason for using patterns for a set of dials in a control room is to conform to OSHA guidelines.

False

List four principles for arranging components on a panel

Importance, frequency of use, functionality and sequence of use

What is lordosis and how does it relate to a lumbar pad?

Lordosis is inward curving of lumbar. (lordotic curve) lumbar support provides support to this shape.

Why is a fixture so important in workplace design? List as many reasons as possible.

Maintains component in known, fixed position and allows the use of both hands during assembly. Eliminates ineffective therbligs.

What are the key concerns in the design of a power tool?

Minimizing vibration and reaction torque, and maintaining a neutral hand, wrist and arm orientations.

_______is defined as saying there is no signal when the signal is present.

Miss

Would you advocate background music at the workstation? What results would you anticipate?

Ok for monotonous tasks with little information processing. Increases arousal. May interfere with mentally demanding tasks.

What are the most critical features in a good ergonomic chair? Which should be adjustable?

Proper seat height and adjustable seat back with lumbar support.

What factors affect the quantity of light needed to perform a task satisfactorily?

Quantity of light and task performance affected by amount of illumination, contrast and visual angle.

Explain the color rendering effect of low-pressure sodium lamps.

Sodium lamps have poor color rendering. shift in frequencies compared to sunlight, not suitable for inspection operations where color discrimination matters.

What is the range effect?

Tendency to overshoot target for short distances and undershoot for long distances.

What is trigger finger?

Tendinitis in the finger from a work situation

________ is (has) an inward curving of the lumbar portion of the spine.

The Lordosis

A safety factor is the ratio of the strength of a structure to the maximum stress applied; for safety; it should be well above one.

True

A trigger finger is a form of tendinitis resulting from a workstation in which the distal phalanx of the index finger must be bent and flexed against resistance before more proximal phalanges are flexed.

True

If the worker feels workmen s compensation received is insufficient, the worker can sue a third-party, such as the manufacturer of faulty equipment are defective tools, the architect or contractor of faulty construction or even an inspection agency that certified the safety of a building or machine.

True

In building A maintenance worker has cut his hand while replacing a valve which required minor medical care. The next day a warehouse person slips and falls on a wet floor causing bruising on their back. These events are independent.

True

It has been proven that color will have a psychological effect on people. For example, yellow is the accepted color of butter, therefore margarine must also be made yellow.

True

Red flagging is a signal for a potential safety problem indicated by injuries repeatedly going above an upper control limit.

True

Sensitivity means better separation of the signal distribution from the noise distribution.

True

Sodium vapor lamps have fairly poor color rendering, a shift in frequencies as compared to a standard source such as daylight, and would probably not be suitable for certain inspection operations were color discrimination is necessary.

True

Task performance improves with increased arousal, but when too much stimulation is provided, the operator becomes overloaded and performance decreases.

True

The use of colors and flashing lights will help increase attention for visual displays.

True

Workers can be protected from vibration through the introduction of supports to cushion the body and dampen the vibrations, alterations of body posture to lessen the impact of the vibrations, and reduction of the forces causing the vibrations.

True

Workmen s Compensation provides benefits for wages and medical care after an employee is injured on the job.

True

How is sound energy dissipated in viscoelastic materials?

Viscious friction

_______ states that the closest points on both the display and the control should move in the same direction. This is supposed to provide the best compatibility in control-response relationships.

Warrick's Principle

What color has the highest visibility?

Yellow

The warehouse department is receiving materials on a flatbed truck. This can be a dangerous situation due to the vehicle traffic where the truck must be unloaded. The manager has instituted a policy that to warehouse employees must be assigned to unload the truck for safety purposes. One to operate the fork truck and one to control traffic. This is an example of______.

accident prevention

The design for ________ will have a larger percentage of the population, but with the trade-off with a higher cost for implementation.

adjustability

The design for the______ is cheapest, but will accommodate, perhaps, only the middle 50 to 60% of the population.

average

______ noise is made up of frequencies covering a significant part of the sound spectrum, it can be both continuous and intermittent.

broadband

Recall can be improved by the use of______, which is the grouping of similar items.

chunking

________ is the relationship between a stimulus and response that is consistent with human expectations. One example is a door handle for pulling versus a plate for pushing.

compatibility

_______is defined as saying there is no signal when no signal is present.

correction rejection

Control movement without system response is known as ______.

deadspace

The______ is the ambient dry bulb temperature experienced by the worker.

environmental temperature

The design for _____ will accommodate all but the largest or smallest 10% of the population.

extremes

You have a very large yard that you must maintain. The law more you purchased is a riding lawnmower. The lawnmower seat has a switch under it that allows for the lawnmower to run as long as someone is sitting on the seat. If you get off of the seat the engine automatically stops. This is an example of a_____.

fail-safe

A _______, moving pointer display is preferred.

fixed-scale

A _______ maintains the component it in a known, fixed, proper position and allows the use of both hands in assembly.

fixture

What are the three most important task factors leading to cumulative trauma disorders?

force, posture, frequency

_____Is the failure to show the slightest care in preventing injury.

gross negligence

A _____is a condition with the potential of causing an injury or damage.

hazard

What is the first step in the accident prevention process?

identified the problem

A frequency of 2,000 Hz would have approximately what wavelength in meters?

lambda = 1,100/2,000 = .55 feet

______is the obligation to provide compensation for damages or injury.

liability

The basic premise of _____ is that situational factors tax a person s capacity to cope with stress in the workplace or life in general, leaving the person more likely to suffer an accident as the amount of stress increases.

life change units theory

What three classifications have been identified from the standpoint of exposure to vibration?

major portion of body surface, transmission from a supporting area, localized to a small body area.

_______noise represents distracting sound that will have an impact workers and efficiency, but not on the workers hearing loss.

meaningful

A new employee has been injured on the job. The injury occurred at a piece of equipment where some employees have questioned the safety design. The cause of the accident has been narrowed down to three areas. They are the experience of the new employee, an electrical cap being damaged, or the height of the electrical socket. This is an example of _____________.

multiple causation

_______is the failure to exercise a reasonable amount of care in preventing injury.

negligence

______ is the stage of the human information processing model that receives incoming stimuli.

perception

An employee has cut their finger which required sutures. The cut was very deep. The employee missed three weeks of work and then returned to work with some permanent restrictions on their work duties. This is an example of ______.

permanent partial disability

The ______ is the tendency for operators to overshoot the target for short distances and undershoot it for long distances.

range effect

_______ is the reduction in informational content due to the alternatives not being equally likely.

redundancy

_______occurs when a direct comparison can be made, while an absolute judgment uses information stored in working memory.

relative judgment

The company you re working for has hired a safety coordinator. The safety coordinator has determined that all sites must put in place safety committees, safety training and a site safety manager. This is an example of______.

safety control

A_____ injury receives a specific payment for a specified time period according to a schedule.

schedule

OSHA has visited your site and determined that there is a substantial probability that death or serious harm could result stemming from a hazard about which the employer should have known. In this case the OSHA inspector discovered that there was no fall protection for your Railcar site. This is an example of_______.

serious violation

An employee has cut their finger which required sutures. Even though the cut was very deep the doctor expects a full recovery. This is an example of a____.

temporary partial disability

An employee has cut their finger which required sutures. The cut was very deep. The employee missed three weeks of work and then returned to work with no restrictions. In other words the employee made a full recovery. This is an example of_______

temporary total disability

The ________ is a range of temperatures and relative humidity s in which a worker, performing like work, would be comfortable.

thermal comfort zone

According to OSHA law, how many continuous hours per day of 100 dBA sound level would be permitted.

two hours for every eight hours worked

The color __________ has the highest visibility.

yellow