INFANCY.
A newborn stepping reflex can still be demonstrated at ____ month of age. In a standing position knows and hips flex rather than support.
1
During the second 6 months, weight gain is approximately ___ lb per month.
1
Infants are able to regard an object in the midline of their vision (something directly in front of themselves) as soon as it is brought in as close as bout 18 in.
1 month
Infants begin to make small, cooing (dovelike) sounds.
1 month
Infants can fix their eyes on an object, they are interested in watching a mobile over their crib or play pen.
1 month
Infants can lift their head and turn it easily to the side.
1 month
Infants have a strong grasp reflex so they hold their hands in fists so tightly that it is difficult to extend their fingers.
1 month
Infants show they can differentiate between fans and other objects by studying a face or the picture of a face longer than other objects.
1 month
Infants spend a great deal of time watching their parents; faces, appearing to enjoy this activity so much a face may becomes their favorite toy.
1 month
They follow the object a short distance if it moves but not across the midline as yet.
1 month
They study or regard a human face with a fixed stare.
1 month
When placed on his of her back and then pulled to a sitting position, a newborn has extreme head lag which is present until about?
1 month
When can infants smell accurately?
1 o 2 hours after birth
An infant can actively produce both immune globulin (Ig)G and IgM antibodies by _______.
1 year
Most infants triple their birth weight by _____________.
1 year
The average 1 year old boy weighs ___________.
10 kg (22lbs)
An infant looks under a towel or around a corner for a concealed object (the beginning of object permanence, or an awareness that an object out of sight still exists.
10 months
Children pick up small objects such as crumbs or pieces of cereal from a high chair tray.
10 months
Infants are ready for peek-a-boo and will spend a long time playing the game with their hands or with a cloth over their head that they can easily reach and remove.
10 months
Infants can pull themselves to a standing position by holding onto the side of a playpen or a low table, but they cannot let themselves down again as yet.
10 months
Infants can recognize their name and listen acutely when spoken to.
10 months
Infants discover object permanence
10 months
Infants masters another word such as "bye-bye" or "no"
10 months
The ability to bring the thumb and first finger together in a pincer grasp.
10 months
They can clap, so they are also ready to play patty cake.
10 months
They offer toy to people but then cannot release them
10 months
They use one finger to point to objects.
10 months
Heart rate slows from 110 to 160 bpm to _____ to _____ bpm by the end of the first year.
100 to 120 bpm
Blood pressure is slight elevated from 80/40 to ________ mmHg
100/60 mmHg
An infant learns to "cruise" or move about the crib or room by holding onto objects such as the crib rails, chairs, walls, and low tables.
11 month
Infants have learned to cruise or walk by holding on to low tables. They often find this so absorbing that they spend little time doing anything else during the month.
11 months
They can offer toys and release them.
12 month
A lot of time may be spent listening to someone saying nursery rhymes or listening to music.
12 months
As soon as they walk, they will be interest in pull toys.
12 months
Infants can easily locate sounds in any direction and turn toward them
12 months
Infants can generally say two words in addition to "ma-ma" and "da-da", and they use those two words with meaning.
12 months
Infants can hold a crayon well enough to draw a semi-straight line.
12 months
Infants enjoy putting things in and taking things out of containers. They like little boxes that fit inside one another or dropping small blocks into a larger box.
12 months
Most children have overcome their fear of strangers and are alert and responsive again when approached.
12 months
The child can stand alone at least momentarily.
12 months
They can hold a cup and spoon to feed themselves fairly well.
12 months
They can take off socks and push their hands into sleeves
12 months
They enjoy putting objects such as small blocks in containers and taking them out again.
12 months
During the first 6 months, infants typically average a weight gain of ______ lb per month.
2
Circumference of the chest is generally less than that of the head at birth by about _____ cm.
2 cm
An infant's immune system becomes functional by at least __ months of age.
2 months
As the grasp reflex fades, infant will hold an object for a few minutes before dropping it. The hands are held open, not closed in a fist.
2 months
Can raise their head and maintain the position, but cannot raise their chest high enough to look around yet
2 months
Demonstrates social smile
2 months
Hearing awareness becomes so acute, infants will stop an activity at the sound of spoken words.
2 months
Infants can differentiate their cry.
2 months
Infants can hold their head fairly steady when sitting up, although their head does tend to bob forward and will still show head lag when pulled to sitting position.
2 months
Infants focus well (from about age 6 weeks) and so are able to follow moving objects with the eyes (although still not pst the midline).
2 months
Infants has achieved binocular vision, the ability to fuse two images into one.
2 months
Infants hold their head in the same plane as the rest of the body, a major advance in muscle control.
2 months
Infants will hold light, small rattles for a short period of time but then drop them.
2 months
Social smile
2 months
Infants are not ready to digest complex starches until amylase is present in saliva at approximately__ to __ months.
2 to 3
Physiologic Anemia at ____ to ___ months of age because the life of typical red cells is 4 months, so the cells the child had a birth begin to disintegrate at that time.
2 to 3
The respiratory rate of an infant slows from 30 to 60 breaths/min to ___ to ____ breaths/min by the end of the first year.
20 to 30
A child has until about ____ months of age to walk and still be within the normal limit.
22 months
After __ months, an infant whose eyes still cross the majority of the time should be examined by a primary care provider to be certain the muscles that control side-to-side vision are not impaired.
3
Bitting movements
3 month
Child can lift the head and shoulders well off the table and looks around when prone. Some children can turn from a prone to a side lying position.
3 months
Follows object past midline with eyes
3 months
Infants can follow an object across their midline.
3 months
Infants can handle small blocks or small rattles.
3 months
Infants lift and maintain their head well above the plane of the rest of the body in ventral suspension.
3 months
Infants reach for attractive objects in front of them. Their grasp is unpracticed so they usually miss them.
3 months
Infants try to support part of their weight on their feet.
3 months
Infants turn their head to attempt to locate a sound
3 months
Infants will squeal with pleasure or laugh out loud.
3 months
They hold their hands in front of their face and study their fingers for a long period of time (hand regard)
3 months
primary circular reaction
3 months
A new reflex that develops at ___ months. When held in ventral suspension, the infant's head, legs, and spine extend. When the head is depressed, the hips, knees, and elbows flex.
3 months; Landau reflex
Until age ___ or ____ months, an extrusion reflex (food placed on an infant's tongue is thrust forward and out of the mouth) prevents some infants from eating effectively if they are offered solid food.
3 or 4 months
extrusion reflex disappears between
3-4 months of age
Baby's grow from the average birth length of 20 in to about _____ in (50.8 to 76.2 cm)
30
Child reaches an important milestone by no longer demonstrating head lag when pulled to a sitting position.
4 months
Infants are able to recognize familiar objects.
4 months
Infants are able to support their weight on their legs. They are successful at doing this because the stepping reflex has faded.
4 months
Infants are able to turn from front to back.
4 months
Infants are very talkative, cooing, babbling, and gurgling when spoken to. They definitely laugh out loud.
4 months
Infants bring their hand together and pull at their clothes.
4 months
Infants can lift their chests off the bed and look around actively, Turing their head from side to side.
4 months
Palmar and planter grasp reflexes have disappeared.
4 months
They eagerly follow their parents movement with their eyes
4 months
They will shake a rattle placed in their hand.
4 months
Thumb opposition (ability to bring the thumb and fingers together) begins, but the motion is a scooping or raking one, not a picking up one.
4 months
When infants hear a distinctive sound, they turn and look in that direction.
4 months
Infants need a playpen or a sheet spread on the floor so they have an opportunity to exercise their new skills of rolling over.
4 months.
Most infants double their birth weight by ___ to ___ months.
4 to 6
Children can accept objects that are handed to them by grasping with the whole hand.
5 months
Children can reach and pick up objects without the object being offered and often play with their toes as objects.
5 months
Infants are able to rest weight on their forearms when prone. They can completely turn over, front to back and back to front.
5 months
Infants are ready for a variety of objects to handle, such as plastic rings, clocks, squeeze toys, clothespins, rattles, and plastic keys.
5 months
Infants can be seen to straighten his or her back when held or propped in sitting position.
5 months
Infants demonstrate they can localize sounds downward and to the side, by turning their head and looking down.
5 months
Infants says some simple vowel sounds ("goo-goo"; "gah-gah")
5 months
The tonic neck reflex should be extinguished, and the Moro reflex should be fading.
5 months
Hemoglobin converted from fetal to adult hemoglobin at __ to __ months of age.
5 to 6
Height increase during the first year of life by _____%.
50
Fluoride supplement should be administered at ___ months of age
6 months
Grasping (palmar grasp) has advanced to a point where a child can hold objects in both hands.
6 months
Infants are capable of movement by hitching or sliding backward from this position.
6 months
Infants are capable of organized depth perception, which increases the accuracy of their reach for objects as they begin to perceive distances correctly.
6 months
Infants are increasingly aware of the difference between people who regularly care for them and strangers.
6 months
Infants at this age will drop one toy when a second one is offered.
6 months
Infants can raise their chests and the upper part of their abdomens off the table.
6 months
Infants can sit momentarily without support, they anticipate being picked up and reach up with their hands from this position.
6 months
Infants can sit steadily enough to be ready for bathtub toys such as rubber ducks or plastic boats if carefully supervised.
6 months
Infants learn the art of imitating.
6 months
Infants nearly support their full weight when in a standing position.
6 months
The Moro, the Palmar grasp, and the Tonic neck reflexes have completely faded.
6 months
They can hold a spoon and start to feed themselves (with much spilling)
6 months
secondary circular reaction
6 months
The ability to adjust to cold is mature by age _____________, an infant can shiver in response to cold by this age.
6 months.
Permanent teeth erupt at the age __ or ___ years
6 or 7 years
At _ to _ months, an infants also demonstrates a parachute reaction from a ventral suspension position. Which means when infants are suddenly lowered toward an examining table, the arms extend as if to protect themselves from falling. Children with cerebral palsy do not demonstrate this response because they reflex their extremities too tightly.
6 to 9 months
Infants may experience a decreased in serum iron levels at ___ to ___ months as the last of iron stores established in utero are used.
6 to 9 months
Infants begin to show obvious fear of strangers.
7 months
Infants bounces with enjoyment in a standing position.
7 months
Infants can sit alone but only when the hands are held forward for balance.
7 months
Infants can transfer toys from one hand to the other.
7 months
Infants can transfer toys, they are interested in items such as blocks, rattles, or plastic keys that are small enough to be transferred easily.
7 months
Infants pat their own age in a mirror. Their depth perception has matured to the extend that they can perform such tasks as transferring toys from hand to hand.
7 months
The amount of talking infants do increases still more at ____ months. They can imitate vowel sounds well ("oh-oh", "ah-ah","oo-oo")
7 months
They hold a first object when a second one is offered.
7 months
Chewing movements
7 to 9 months
Fear of strangers reaches it height, stranger anxiety
8 months
Infants are sensitive to differences in texture. They enjoy having toys with different feels to them, such as velvet, fur, and fuzzy, smooth, or rough items.
8 months
Infants can sit securely without any additional support.
8 months
Random reaching and ineffective grasping disappear as a result of advanced eye-hand coordination
8 months
An infant can independently drink from a cup by age ___ or ___ months.
8 or 10 months
A child can creep from the prone position.
9 months
Infants begin to enjoy toy that go inside one another, such as a nest of blocs or rings of assorted sizes that fit on a center post. Some are more interested in pots and pans that stack rather than toys
9 months
Infants can stand holding onto a coffee table if they are placed in that position
9 months
Infants sit so steadily that they can lean forward and regain their balance. They may still lose their balance if they lean sideways, which is a skill not achieved for another month.
9 months
Infants usually speaks a first word: "da-da" or "ba-ba"
9 months
infants are very aware of changes in tone of voice.
9 months
Infants needs the experience of creeping. This means time out of a crib or playpen so there is room is maneuver.
9 months.
The average 1 year old girl weighs _______.
9.5 kg (21 lbs)
Most common injuries among infants?
Aspiration and falls
Infants quiets momentarily at a distinctive sound such as a bell or a squeaky rubber toy.
Birth - 1 year old
Essential for allowing proper growth of the dental arch.
Deciduous teeth
__________________ is important reflex to assess because a child with motor weakness, cerebral palsy, or other neuromuscular defects will not be able to demonstrate the reflex.
Landau reflex
An infant's appearance when held in midair on a horizontal plane and supported by a hand under the abdomen.
Ventral suspension
The first baby tooth (typically a ______________________) usually erupts at age ___ months, followed by a new one monthly.
central incisor, 6 months.
The principle of development...
cephalocaudal (head to toe) and grow-to-fine motor development
Measured by observing or testing prehensile ability (ability to coordinate hand movements) are evaluated
fine motor development
Ability to accomplish large body movements
gross motor development
Some newborns may be born with teeth
natal teeth
Some newborns have teeth erupt in the first 4 weeks of life
neonatal teeth
Age when an infant lift their hand momentarily and then drop it again
one month
TRUE OR FALSE. When lying on their stomach, newborns can turn their head to movie it out of a position where, breathing is impaired, but they cannot hold their head raised for an extended time.
true
By the end of the first year, the brain already reaches ___________ of its adult size.
two thirds
