Infants and Toddlers final
Without safety there is no free play.
true
Infants and toddlers need to know they can influence the people and things around them.
true
The basis of infant-toddler curriculum is interaction with caregivers, peers, and objects
true
consistency
minimization of change so children can predict what will happen
Which of the following hormones is released by the brain during stressful events? A. progesterone B. testosterone C. estrogen D. cortisol
cortisol
Reading to infants in a daily, required circle time A. develops pre-literacy skills. B. is the best way to help infants use social language. C. prepares infants for preschool. D. is not recommended.
is not recommended
Asking questions with one right answer is the best way to teach language to infants and toddlers.
false
Who can refer children for Early Intervention Services 1. Referrals can be made by daycare center and family members 2 3. Referrals can be made by Dr's and hospitals 4. Can be made by school districts A. 1 and 2 B. 1 and 3 C. 2 and 3 D. 1 and 4 E. 1, 3 and 4
1,3, & 4
When promoting prosocial behavior, it is important to do all of the following except A. follow a consistent daily routine. B. assert power in resolving conflict. C. model prosocial behaviors yourself. D. encourage cooperation.
assert power in resolving conflict.
Adults should never assist a child with problem solving t or f
false
Children thrive on constant praise.
false
Bilingualism and biculturalism benefit infants and toddlers, so they are skills to be valued and nurtured.
true
By six months the average infant's vision is comparable to that of an adult's.
true
Caregiver's choices can encourage or discourage a mother's decision to continue breast-feeding.
true
Early play and exploration provides an important foundation for later learning and understanding.
true
For infants and toddlers, learning is interrelated; growth in one area influences growth in another.
true
Language is defined as the systematic arrangement of arbitrary symbols that has generalized meaning.
true
Resistance to being diapered is a sign of growth.
true
Responsive, repeated experiences strengthen specific neural pathways.
true
The first noticeable slowing of brain activity happens during ____________. A. the end of infancy B. the beginning of formal schooling C. adolescence D. older age
adolescence
Which of the following supports open communication? A. considering communication a two-way process B. developing listening skills C. trying to make parents feel welcome D. All of these answers are correct.
all are correct
Young children bite others for many reasons, which can include ____________. A. anger B. curiosity C. love D. All of these answers are correct.
all are correct
____________ is a young child's greatest resource. A. The caregiver B. The Internet C. Family D. All of these answers are correct.
family
Young children have the capacity to solve many problems. t or f
true
Read the following statements on Early Intervention (E.I.) Services and choose the correct answers below: 1. E.I. services are free for all children who qualify for the service 2. E. I. services are funded by the federal government 3. E.I. services are free for families who qualify for funding based on their income A. 1 and 2 B. 1 and 3 C. 2 and 3 D. 1, 2 and 3
1&2
Temperament is all biologically driven and determined.
false
"No!" feelings include A. pleasure. B. contentment. C. fear. D. power.
power
DAP
practice based on child development principles relating to typical development
To be eligible for WIC services you must meet which requirements? 1. Be a state resident 2. Be a US citizen 3. Be at nutritional risk 4. Be in the low income bracket
be a state resident and be in the low income bracket
How do you decide what is enough stress for an infant or toddler? A. watch the child's actions B. be empathetic C. remain calm D. All of these answers are correct.
be empathetic
The act of children discovering and examining what's around them is called __________. A. sensation B. exploration C. deprivation D. teaching
exploration
Adults within the wants-nothing mode with children are not doing anything and would be just as helpful if removed from the situation.
false
All that is needed in caring for infants and toddlers is the ability to be warm and nurturing. t or f
false
Caregivers can learn exactly how to honor every parent's parenting practices by reading books about diversity. t or f
false
Free play involves adults setting up activities with objectives and planning for controlled outcomes.
false
If a child is rubbing his eyes frequently, than he with total certainty is suffering from sensory impairment.
false
Special language lessons are the most effective way to teach language skills.
false
Stranger anxiety in infants is one sign of an emotional disorder.
false
Teaching behavior is always more effective than modeling it.
false
Helping toddlers nap can be difficult. Which of the following behaviors would be useful? A. Avoid allowing children to become overtired. B. Provide a quiet, peaceful environment. C. Allow for plenty of fresh air and exercise during the day. D. All of these answers are correct.
all of these answers are correct
Effective partnerships between caregivers and families ____________. A. develop over time B. are based on mutual trust C. Both of these answers are correct D. Neither of these answers is correct
both of these answers are correct
anecdotal records
brief records of incidents or behaviors that capture your attention
Dendrites are output fibers that send impulses to other neurons.
false
trust vs. mistrust
0-1 year
autonomy vs. shame and doubt
1-3 years
Daily logs
incorporates various caregiving activities so parents can receive a detailed report
The PSP is a unique program which fosters community building by A. focusing solely on the western states. B. including services to parents and grandparents. C. focusing solely on the needs of newborns. D. providing child care services.
including services to parents and grandparents.
The energy that pushes children to create, invent, and explore what happens in their lives is known as Erikson's stage of A. autonomy. B. separation. C. initiative. D. trust.
initiative
Which of Maslow's levels of needs are usually addressed by state licensing requirements? A. Level 1 B. Level 3 C. Level 4 D. Level 5
level 1
Match the total group size with the appropriate age group. 12, 9, 6
12: 18-36 months 9: 8-18 months 6: 0-8 months
initiative vs. guilt
3-6 years
Who is eligible for Early Intervention Services? A. Children birth through age 3 B. Children with a confirmed diagnosis C. Children with a development delay in any of these areas : social, cognitive , communication or adaptive skills D. A & B E. B & C
a& b
Caregivers create curriculum out of play and exploration by A. limiting children's freedom. B. restricting the allocation of resources. C. aiding children in the pursuit of special interests. D. All of these answers is correct.
aiding children in the pursuit of special interests.
A well-designed environment benefits infants and toddlers by _____________. A. supporting their emotional well-being B. providing opportunities for sensory experiences C. challenging their motor skills D. All of these answers are correct.
all are correct
Caregivers working with mixed-age groups must A. put out different toys for different age groups. B. define play spaces. C. store certain materials up high. D. All of these answers are correct.
all are correct
In creating a healthful environment A. children and staff in the program wash hands often. B. each child has his own bed, cot or pad. C. toys are cleaned daily. D. All of these answers are correct.
all are correct
In creating a safe physical environment, caregivers must A. cover all electrical outlets. B. remove or tie up all drapery cords. C. eliminate poisonous plant from the classroom. D. All of these answers are correct.
all are correct
_____________ is the prime factor in the development of social skills. A. Attachment B. Observation C. Crying D. Parents' income level
attachment
Which of the following significantly influences the critical period of brain growth in children? A. attachment relationships B. myelination C. experience
attachment relationships
The causes of fear _____________ as infants grow into toddlers. A. change B. stay the same C. disappear D. None of these answers is correct.
change
Which of the following is an example of receptive language? A. child makes pleasure sounds B. child will use noncrying sound to get attention C. child can respond to a request D. child will imitate different speech sounds
child can respond to a request
Continuity of care
children staying with one caregiver for several years
Early experiences have a ____________ impact on the architecture of your brain. A. mild B. moderate C. decisive D. minimal
decisive
In helping infants and toddlers cope with anger, all of the following are helpful except _____________. A. preventing possible frustration B. providing for their physical needs C. examining how you cope with anger D. denying the anger
denying the anger
All of the following are important suggestions to assist caregivers in supporting parents with toddler separation, except A. reassure the parent that you understand it is hard to leave. B. remind the parent it is best for the child that once goodbyes are said, departure should be immediate. C. support the child in his sadness. D. distract the child with an activity, so he won't feel sad.
distract the child with an activity, so he wont feel sad
The philosophy of infant-toddler care and education stressed in this book comes from the work of A. Adam Waldorf and Emily Browne. B. Magda Gerber and Emmi Pikler. C. John Dewey and Maria Montessori. D. None of these answers is correct.
Magda Gerber and Emmi Pikler
exploration
an act of discovering and examining the environment
An activity using the large muscles of the arms, legs, and trunk is known as a A. fine motor activity. B. sensorial activity. C. cephalocaudal activity. D. gross motor activity.
gross motor activity.
What is the belief behind a primary-caregiving system? A. Teachers can care for infants, toddlers, and primary students. B. Paying special attention to 3 or 4 children promotes a stronger attachment. C. Caring for the whole group is most effective. D. Infant/toddler classrooms should have a 1:1 ratio.
Paying special attention to 3 or 4 children promotes a stronger attachment.
Respectful interactions with a child include A. involving a child in caregiving tasks such as changing a diaper B. not carrying a child around like an object C. talking to a child in a natural way D. All of these answers are correct.
All of these answers are correct
Caregiving that is done with respect allows for relationships to grow. Relationships provide children with opportunities to learn ____________. A. about themselves and the world B. that they have some power to influence people C. that the world has some predictability D. All of these answers are correct.
All of these answers are correct.
By talking naturally to a child, you teach ____ A. listening skills B. language and speaking skills C. words and language in context D. All of these answers are correct.
Listening skills, language and speaking skills, words and language in context. All of these answers are correct
Interactional synchrony is like an "emotional dance" between caregiver and child, sending important signals and sharing emotions. What does this "emotional dance" form for the child? A. a physical foundation for trust B. positive experiences that stabilize brain connections C. a basis for attachment D. All of these answers are correct.
all are correct
adaptation
assimilation and accommodation
Technologies in neuroscience that are noninvasive A. use minor surgery to examine the brain. B. don't interfere with natural brain function. C. use laparoscopy as a primary mode of examination. D. are never scary for children.
don't interfere with natural brain function.
Attachment between a parent and child is the same as the attachment between that child and a caregiver.
false
primary caregiving system
promoting attachment through assignment of a small number of children to one caregiver
Crawling towards, following with a gaze, or crying when separated from an attachment figure are all ____________. A. behaviors to make the attachment figure feel guilty B. anti-social behaviors C. proximity-seeking behaviors related to attachment D. All of these answers are correct.
proximity-seeking behaviors related to attachment
Considering the uniqueness of each child and his or her environmental context offers an understanding of what responsive relationship-based care is about. t or f
true
Some infant group care programs would actually benefit from reducing environmental stimulation.
true
Standing back and observing children's abilities to figure something out is a way of allowing them to gain feedback on their own without adult input.
true
Stress and frustration are an important part of infant-toddler education.
true
Which theorist focused on the establishment of trust? A. Vygotsky B. Piaget C. Erikson D. None of these answers is correct.
Erikson
Resiliency is always a negative experience and is detrimental to one's development
False
Which of the following is not a challenge in early intervention? A. Funding. B. A lack of measurable research data to support best practices in education. C. Creating an effective developmental framework. D. Families that are too supportive.
Families that are too supportive.
Happenings offer an experience that is reflective of an interest observed in infant-toddler interactions and play. How does a happening differ from an activity? A. Happenings are more complex than activities. B. Happenings are never planned, and activities have a plan. C. Happenings broaden the idea of what infants and toddlers engage in and learn from. D. Happenings have predetermined outcomes, and activities are more free-flowing.
Happenings broaden the idea of what infants and toddlers engage in and learn from.
The three R's describe an infant-toddlers _____ with others A. physical position B. stimulatory activities C. interactions D. play
Interactions
Infant-toddler education is the same as ____________. A. infant stimulation B. a modified preschool program C. baby sitting D. None of these answers is correct.
None of these
A responsive interaction chain is all of the following except A. the basis of effective caregiving. B. the interchange of responses between caregiver and child. C. a respectful way of interaction. D. a clear demand of expectations from another.
a clear demand of expectations from another
Quality settings for infant and toddler care should _____________. A. be safe environments B. promote health C. facilitate learning D. All of these answers are correct.
all are correct
Respectful caregivers treat children's feelings as real and valid by A. paying attention. B. reflecting what they perceive coming from the child. C. not distracting the child. D. All of these answers are correct.
all are correct
The pathways in the brain that form the physical foundation of trust are caused by what behaviors? A. touching B. fondling C. feeding D. All of these answers are correct.
all are correct
What is early intervention? A. Identifying young children with disabilities. B. Identifying young children "at risk" for developing disabilities. C. Creating a plan for supports so that children with disabilities can achieve their full potential. D. All of these answers is correct
all are correct
A primary caregiver system consists of one primary caregiver and at least one other caregiver who is familiar with the child. This system is important ____________. A. for children's sense of security B. for smooth transitions when the primary caregiver is absent C. to promote attachment and not leave it to chance D. All of these answers are correct.
all of these answers are correct
Free choice is ____________. A. an important ingredient for play B. an important prerequisite to learning C. influenced by the way you set up your infant-toddler play environment D. All of these answers is correct.
all of these answers are correct
How do children learn to get attention from others? A. by being shy B. by being outgoing C. by being helpless D. All of these answers are correct.
all of these answers are correct
Infant-toddler teachers must be A. well-trained. B. good communicators and problem-solvers. C. respectful. D. All of these answers are correct.
all of these answers are correct
Investing in quality time involves A. making sure to spend time with every child in the group. B. being fully present when spending time with a child. C. making sure to use time out right away. D. All of these answers are correct.
all of these answers are correct
The adult role in infant-toddler education involves ____________. A. allowing an appropriate degree of stress when a child is problem-solving B. responding appropriately to demands for attention C. modeling desirable behavior D. All of these answers are correct.
all of these answers are correct
The role of adults in the infant-toddler curriculum is to ____________. A. be receptive to initiations from a child B. facilitate problem-solving skills C. be responsive observers D. All of these answers are correct.
all of these answers are correct
Which of the following foods are not recommended for infants under six months because they may produce food allergies? A. wheat cereals B. eggs C. citrus fruits D. All of these answers are correct.
all of these answers are correct
Infants A. can recognize the sound of their mother's voice. B. as young as 20 weeks old can discriminate between the syllables "baw" and "gaw." C. are responsive to high-pitched noises. D. All of these answers is correct.
all of these are correct
Attachment is ____________. A. only an issue post-toddlerhood B. not important during the first year C. an important two-way experience between infant and adult D. All of these answers are correct.
an important two-way experience between infant and adult
Intimate human interaction is time spent ____________. A. doing routine caregiving tasks, no matter how they are done B. being fully focused on the child during caregiving routines C. by oneself D. doing playful adult-initiated interactions with a child
being fully focused on the child during caregiving routines
Self-calming devices appear on average at _____________. A. one year old B. two years old C. three years old D. birth
birth
The stages of becoming a caregiver include _____________. A. being the know-it-all B. viewing the parent as the client C. considering themselves as partners with parents D. All of these answers are correct.
considering themselves as partners with parents
Brain development has little correlation to early quality care experiences for an infant.
false
Caregiving is not essential to building structures in the brain that have long-lasting effects on cognitive development.
false
It is important for an adult to immediately rescue a child who is experiencing a frustrating problem during free play.
false
The major benefit of early intervention is to identify young children with disabilities and take them out of mainstream schooling early.
false
The objectives and lessons that children create from free play are far less effective than those that adults create for children.
false
The process by which young children acquire language rapidly is known as ____________. A. fast mapping B. whole language C. phonics D. None of these answers is correct.
fast mapping
The key to easing toilet learning is ____________. A. forcing children to sit on the potty many times a day starting after their second birthday B. making children feel ashamed of wearing diapers C. following the child's own readiness and willingness to learn D. None of these answers is correct.
following the child's own readiness and willingness to learn
When giving feedback to children, your message is most useful when ____________. A. using a honeyed voice B. exerting power C. giving a clear message that matches your emotion D. making light of the situation
giving a clear message that matches your emotion
Which of the following most effectively leads to the foundation of the intellect in infants and toddlers? A. educational videos B. interactions with consistent caregivers C. alphabet books D. cognitive-focused curriculum
interactions with consistent caregivers
A needs and services plan _____________. A. is a formal plan to serve children that is made by the program and a regulating agency B. is only for infants and toddlers with special needs C. is written by a pediatrician D. is a plan discussed by parents and caregivers upon entry into an infant-toddler program
is a plan discussed by parents and caregivers upon entry into an infant-toddler program
Children discriminate their own names from similar sounding words by age ____________. A. 1 month B. 4½ months C. 10 months D. 13 months
4.5 months
The most effective way to help a child learn new behavior is to ____________. A. teach it B. model it C. read books about it D. show videos with positive role models
model it
Specialized nerve cells are called ____________. A. neurons B. synapses C. axons D. None of these answers is correct.
neurons
A dialogue _____________. A. is a discussion when one or both sides are defensive B. uses persuasion as a tool C. occurs when both parties seek to understand the other's point of view D. is never about problem solving
occurs when both parties seek to understand the other's point of view
Which of the following does not support creating curriculum out of play and exploration? A. offering structured rules and guidelines B. giving children freedom of choice C. providing resources D. All of these answers are correct.
offering structured rules and guidelines
Safety and learning through interaction are ____________. A. rules in setting up a sleeping area for infants and toddlers B. overarching themes in supporting play for infants and toddlers C. not central to infant-toddler care D. None of these answers is correct.
overarching themes in supporting play for infants and toddlers
Sensory integration is critical to the development of ___________. A. a dynamic system B. sense organs C. perception D. dendrite shrinkage
perception
IAP
practice that fits what is known about individual differences
CAP
practices that come from different values, beliefs, perceptions, traditions, etc.
To promote self-help skills at meals, you should remember to A. use adult-sized utensils. B. provide ample portions of food. C. provide small amounts of food. D. stop the child from experimenting with food.
provide small amounts of food.
_____________ is a first consideration in planning for infants and toddlers. A. Safety B. Providing a stimulating environment C. Space D. Offering a large variety of toys
safety
Autonomy is Erikson's _____________ stage of psychosocial development. A. first B. second C. third D. fourth
second
Timing and ____________ are important skills for caregivers to acquire in order to facilitate infant-toddler social play. A. directing activities B. constant interaction C. selective intervention D. All of these answers are correct.
selective intervention
The problem of the match, as discussed by J. McVicker Hunt, is ____________. A. the difficulty of matching voice with behavioral actions B. matching children with like interests into care groups C. setting up an environment that is familiar yet appropriately challenging D. matching caregiver background and experience with age group
setting up an environment that is familiar yet appropriately challenging
Tactile sensation is of great importance in aiding infants and toddlers to explore their world. Which of the following is not a tactile experience? A. washing hands B. a back rub C. walking in bare feet D. smelling an essential oil aroma
smelling an essential oil aroma
A critical component of language growth is _____________. A. reading words B. watching television C. social interaction D. constant noise
social interaction
A newborn's emotional responses are not very defined and are correlated with immediate experiences
true
A toddler's brain is more active than an adult's brain.
true
Active listening includes stating what the other person seems to be feeling.
true
Caregiving, as a curriculum, is an activity-based approach.
true
Communicating with parents whose culture is different from yours may be difficult, but at the same time educational and rewarding.
true
Communication with parents is important, primarily because it helps caregivers tell parents about the center's policies and procedures.
true
Cultural diversity has an important role in how children are socialized.
true
It is important to understand that our perception of appropriate touch is influenced by our culture.
true
Smell plays a role in attachment, as newborns are able to distinguish their mother from other women by the sense of smell.
true
Social supports are a crucial element in people's happiness, healthiness, and productivity.
true
The CDA assessment process defines quality settings for infant and toddler care as those that are safe and promote health and learning.
true
To help ensure a safe environment, infant and toddler caregivers should all receive training in first aid and CPR.
true
When infants and toddlers are in the same room, it is important to be flexible.
true
When referring to infant-toddler curriculum, it is helpful to think of it as a meandering river rather than a set course of study. t or f
true
language delays can be the results of a lack of nurturing interactions
true
What is free play and exploration? A. play which is inexpensive B. undirected play C. caregiver-led play D. play without caregiver monitoring
undirected play
Some tips for conferences with parents include all the following except A. telling parents what the conference is about. B. using jargon so the parents respect the professional's expertise. C. setting a warm tone through attitude and environment. D. making the parents feel welcome and at home.
using jargon so the parents respect the professional's expertise.
A savior complex is _____________. A. when the caregiver has feelings of competition with the parent B. when the caregiver sees his or her role as rescuing children from their parents C. a common experience for new caregivers D. All of these answers are correct.
when the caregiver sees his or her role as rescuing children from their parents
selective intervention
limited interference that is positive in effect
There are two types of caregiver presence mentioned in Chapter 2. They are A. active and receptive. B. receiving and neutral. C. retracting and directive. D. active and permissive.
Active and receptive
How should a caregiver respond to an older toddler whose sense of initiative is growing? A. provide resources B. provide freedom within reasonable limits C. provide encouragement D. All of these answers are correct.
All of these answers are correct.
Parents learn child development theory through __________. A. watching other children B. reading what you make available C. getting into discussions with caregivers D. All of these answers are correct.
All of these answers are correct.
The development of self-direction and self-regulation begin from a force within us that provides the natural thrust toward maturity, guides growth, and gives direction to our life. 14-true
True
Chapter 1 discusses the ten principles of respectful caregiving. These principles emphasize that _____ deserve the same respect that adults give each other. A. infants and toddlers B. parents C. siblings D. caregivers
Infants and toddlers
Which of these is a primary developmental goal underlying the 10 principles on which this book is based? A. security and trust B. teaching behavior C. quantity of development D. directive opportunity
Security and trust
If your body movement and appearance says one thing, and your words say something else, how might this impact a child's understanding of the communication A. offers several useful modes of communication B. sends two clear messages at once C. sends two potentially conflicting messages D. is an opportunity for clear communication
Sends two potentially conflicting messages
Which of the following is not an aspect of social skills? A. They connect us to other people. B. They are specific to the culture they are from. C. They foster cooperation and interdependent relationships. D. They are inborn instinctive qualities and have nothing to do with learning.
They are inborn instinctive qualities and have nothing to do with learning.
Advantages of family child care homes include _____________. A. the smaller size, which can be comforting to children who are easily over-stimulated B. less of an "institutionalized feel" C. greater variety in the environmental setup for mixed age groups D. All of these answers are correct.
all are correct
Limits _____________. A. are necessary for toddlers B. provide a sense of security C. need to be tested in order to be discovered D. All of these answers are correct.
all are correct
Parents of children with special needs _____________. A. may have an extra set of issues that other parents don't have B. may be in denial about their child's condition C. may carry a heavy burden of guilt D. All of these answers are correct.
all are correct
Which of the following is true about children with special needs? A. They have a variety of conditions that can influence their interactions with people. B. Like all children, they have vital need for interpersonal relationships. C. They are more similar to other children than different. D. All of these answers are correct.
all are correct
WIC provides 1. Breast feeding support 2. Nutritional Counseling 3. Infant and toddler checkups 4. Nutritious foods A. 1, 2 and 3 B. 2, 3 and 4 C. 1, 2 and 4 D. 1, 3 and 4 E. All of the above statements
all of the above statements
Effective parent education involves ___________. A. having knowledge about child development B. possessing helpful attitudes and skills C. cultivating positive relationships with parents D. All of these answers are correct.
all of these
The ability to develop languages involves ____________. A. attachment B. cognition C. motor skills D. All of these answers are correct.
all of these answers are correct
Which of the following contributes to infants developing a sense of basic trust in day care? A. responding to each infant's needs individually B. continuity of care with consistent caregivers C. small group size D. All of these answers are correct.
all of these answers are correct
Which of the following are significant to the development of language and later literacy? A. sharing attention B. sharing feelings C. sharing intentions D. All of these answers are correct.
all of these are correct
happenings
chance events and purposeful experiences
Three policies need to be in place to have an effective relationship-based curriculum. These policies include a primary caregiving system, continuity of care, and ___________. A. consistency B. constructivism C. crisis management D. None of these answers is correct.
consistency
If a parent's culture has a timeframe for toilet training that is different from the policy of your program, you should A. argue your position. B. immediately tell your center director or supervisor. C. give in to the parent right away. D. engage in a dialogue.
engage in a dialogue.
Which of the following best describes a dynamic system? A. ever-changing process B. process that remains stable C. a system that reduces neural pathways D. None of these answers is correct.
ever changing process
As discussed in this chapter, attachment refers to a special two-way relationship between a child's parents.
false
Infants are born with language
false
Coupling the unfamiliar with the familiar can help a child cope with ____________. A. fear B. anger C. joy D. None of these answers is correct.
fear
Social Skills A. foster interdependent relationships. B. make it difficult to be away from other people. C. are the same in all cultures. D. are independent of other areas of development.
foster interdependent relationships.
If you want an infant to focus on a sound, that sound should ___________. A. be monotone B. have a beginning and end C. be played as background music D. All of these answers is correct.
have a beginning and end
Which of the following is not a suggested guideline for fostering language development in infants and toddlers? A. Engage in conversation from birth. B. Read books aloud. C. Correct all grammar on the spot. D. Listen to a toddler talk.
listen to a toddler talk
A high quality infant-toddler environment has balance in the following dimensions except A. intrusion-seclusion. B. hard-soft. C. open-closed. D. loud-bright.
loud bright
Chronically ill or medically fragile children _____________. A. should be treated exactly the same as all children so they don't feel different B. may need closer attention to health and sanitation practices because of possible immunity problems C. should never be placed in child care D. should be kept isolated at all times
may need closer attention to health and sanitation practices because of possible immunity problems
formal observations
objective observations noting everything that happens as it happens
Which one of the following practices related to the physical environment is not recommended as developmentally appropriate for infants? A. providing very few simple play objects B. allowing infants to explore with their hands without distractions C. providing novel multi-sensory toys with visually stimulating bright colors and movement D. having available light-weight objects that babies can grasp, mouth, drop, turn and explore in various ways
providing novel multi-sensory toys with visually stimulating bright colors and movement
Which of the following is not an adult role in infant and toddler play? A. providing selective intervention B. providing for safety C. providing solutions to problems children encounter in their play D. providing time, space, and materials
providing solutions to problems children encounter in their play
Which of the following is not an appropriate approach to infants and toddlers gaining early literacy skills, according to the text? A. hearing spoken language B. enjoying rhymes and songs C. receiving formal reading lessons D. exploring books
receiving formal reading lessons
Respectful and responsive infant/toddler curriculum is based primarily on A. relationships. B. sensory stimulation. C. a NAEYC-approved set of lesson plans. D. different activities.
relationships
The stimulation of the sense organs is called ____________. A. perception B. sensation C. perspiration D. sense memory
sensation
When a baby has a depressed parent who ignores the baby's cues for emotional interactions, A. the infant may have a depressed heart rate. B. the infant may have reduced brain activity. C. the infant is more active. D. the baby has reduced cortisol levels.
the infant may have reduced brain activity
Which of the following is an infant's main learning tool in the first months after birth? A. the mouth B. book exposure C. music D. both book exposure and music
the mouth
At birth, infant vision, although blurry and not yet completely developed, is equipped ____________, which aids in forming attachments. A. to see human faces from eight inches away B. to distinguish the mother when she is far away C. to alert the baby to bright lights and loud noises D. None of these answers is correct.
to see human faces from eight inches away
Scaffolding is used to assist a child in his or her problem solving. It is important ____________. A. to observe carefully, so you can prevent problems and avoid scaffolding B. to time your assistance for when the child is about to give up C. to set up the environment, so no scaffolding is ever needed D. All of these answers are correct.
to time your assistance for when the child is about to give up
Which of the following statements acknowledges a child's inner delight? A. "Good job!" B. "You must feel good about washing your hands by yourself!" C. "You are amazing!" D. None of these answers is correct.
you must feel good about washing your hands by yourself
