Infection Prep U

A,B,D (Rationale: Tuberculosis would be a significant respiratory exposure, but it is not transmitted by blood.)

A veteran nurse is working with a new graduate nurse. The graduate nurse states that she was exposed to a client's blood and that she was not wearing any PPE. Which would be considered significant blood exposures by occupational health? Select all that apply. A. Hepatitis B B. Hepatitis C C. Tuberculosis D. HIV

B (Rationale: The client will be on airborne precautions until a sputum culture is negative. The other answers are incorrect.)

The nurse has admitted a client on airborne precautions onto the medical-surgical unit. When the client asks, "When will these airborne precautions be removed?" what is the appropriate nursing response? A. "Until you leave the hospital." B. "When your sputum culture is negative." C. "For 2 days as you get settled onto the unit." D. Only until you begin to feel better."

A. (Rationale: Alcohol-based hand rubs can be used if hands are not visibly soiled. If the hands are visibly soiled, the nurse should wash hands with soap and hot water. The nurse should wash their hands. The nurse does not need to wash their hands AND use an alcohol-based hand rub)

The nurse has completed an intervention with a client. There is no visible soiling on the nurse's hands. Which technique is recommended by infection control practice standards for hand hygiene? A. Decontaminate hands using an alcohol-based hand rub. B. Do not wash hands; apply clean gloves. C. Wash hands with soap and hot water. D. Wash hands with soap and water, followed by an alcohol-based hand rub.

A (Rationale: Hand hygiene is the most effective way to control the spread of microorganisms. While it is true that the client may be less susceptible to illness when well rested, exposure to a pathogen can still result in influenza. Avoiding those with the flu is also appropriate; however, hand washing remains the best answer for prevention. Wearing a mask all season may or may not prevent the flu and is not the most reasonable choice.)

The client is concerned about "catching the flu." What primary information can the nurse teach the client to best prevent the spread of infection? A. Hand hygiene B. Good nutrition and getting enough rest C. Avoid crowded areas and people who have the flu D. How to properly wear a mask during flu season

D (Alcohol-based hand rubs can be effective for decontaminating a health care worker's hands before and after direct contact with clients and after completion of a wound dressing, except when the health care worker's hands are visibly soiled.)

The nurse conducting a hand hygiene in-service determines that the participants need additional education when they state that the use of an alcohol-based hand rub is appropriate in which situation? A. After completing a wound dressing B. Before direct contact with clients C. After direct contact with clients D. When hands are visibly soiled

C (rationale: A client with Clostridium difficile requires contact isolation. Gown and gloves are the most appropriate options for this client; more so than goggles and gloves, respirator masks and gowns, and masks and shoe covers.)

Which personal protective equipment (PPE) should the nurse don to enter the room of a client who is diagnosed with Clostridium difficile? A. goggles and gloves B. respirator mask and gown C. gown and gloves D. mask and shoe covers

A,C,D,E (rationale: The nurse should assess the levels of the nonsterile gloves, gowns, masks, and protective eyewear, as these are all part of the PPE. Sterile gloves are not part of the PPE.)

The nurse is asked to check the unit's supply of personal protective equipment (PPE) to see if additional equipment needs to be ordered from central supply. The nurse should assess the level of which type of equipment? Select all that apply. A. Nonsterile gloves B. Sterile gloves C.Masks D. Gowns E. Protective eyewear

D (Rationale: HCAI, the most common adverse event in hospitals, are acquired within healthcare facilities. Community-acquired infections occur in the community. Infectious and contagious can be acquired in any setting.)

The nurse is caring for a client who developed pneumonia while hospitalized. How will the nurse document this condition? A. infectious disease B. contagious disease C. community-acquired infection D. health care-associated infection (HCAI)

A,B,E

The nurse is providing an in-service educational program for the interprofessional health care team about infection control precautions. What teaching will the nurse include? Select all that apply. A. Wear personal protective equipment (PPE). B. Practice hand hygiene. C. Use standard precautions only for clients with infection. D. Use equipment repeatedly on clients with similar conditions. E. Keep client's environment clean.

B (Rationale: The nurse manager that notes an increase in infection rates should first review the current infection control protocols. Reviewing the protocols can identify if the protocols are appropriate and being implemented by the staff. Prescribing antibiotics to all new residents will not decrease infections rates, but may increase the rate of antibiotic resistant bacteria. Culturing all residents and staff would identify infection, but not decrease the rates. Restricting visitors would not decrease rates.)

The nurse manager for a long-term facility notes an increase in infection rates among residents. Which would be the best to implement? A. All new residents are prescribed antibiotics. B. Review the current infection control protocols. C. Culture all residents and staff. D. Restrict visitors to public places.

A (Rationale: Escherichia coli resides in the intestinal tract, is normal flora, and does not cause harm or infection in the client. Shigellosis is an infectious disease caused by a group of bacteria called Shigella, closely related to E. coli. Most people who are infected with Shigella develop diarrhea, fever, and stomach cramps starting a day or two after they are exposed to the bacteria.)

Upon review of a client's microbiology culture results, the nurse recognizes which organism as indicative of normal flora? A. Escherichia coli in the intestinal tract B. Escherichia coli in the urinary tract C. Shigella in the intestinal tract D. Shigella in the urinary tract