InQuizitive Chapter 17

In 1899, Secretary of State John Hay announced the Open Door Policy with China demanding that Chinese authorities allow immigration to the United States.

683 False John Hay was demanding that the European powers that had recently divided China into commercial spheres of influence grant equal access to American exports. Even as the United States banned the immigration of Chinese into this country, Hay was insisting on access to the economy of China.

The Platt Amendment in the Cuban constitution was a guarantee from the U.S. government that it would not interfere in Cuban domestic affairs.

683 False The Platt Amendment, drafted into the Cuban constitution (written by Senator Orville H. Platt of Connecticut), authorized the United States to intervene militarily whenever it saw fit. The United States also received a permanent lease to naval bases in Cuba, including the now infamous Guantanamo Bay.

Identify the statements that describe the United States on the international stage prior to 1890.

677-679 The United States was only a second-rate world power. The United States was focused on internal growth rather than international expansion.

Identify where the United States had attempted to extend its territory prior to 1890 and the age of American expansionism.

678-679 Alaska the Dominican Republic

The depression that began in 1893 heightened American nationalism and a call for a more aggressive foreign policy. Which of the following were outcomes of this hyper-patriotism?

680-681 The Pledge of Allegiance and the practice of standing for the playing of the "Star Spangled Banner" began during this period. New mass-circulation newspapers were distributed that promoted nationalistic sentiments.

The explosion that destroyed the U.S.S. Maine in Havana Harbor on February 15, 1898, was proven without a doubt to have been the work of Spanish saboteurs.

681 False Subsequent investigations into the explosion of the U.S.S. Maine proved that it was an accident caused by a design flaw in the coal bunkers being too close to the magazines and the use of bituminous coal, which is ironic considering it was an important cause of the Spanish-American War.

What do they (maps) reveal about the Spanish-American conflicts in the Pacific and Caribbean?

682 America had victories in both the Pacific and the Caribbean. American forces made direct attacks on Spanish possessions.

Identify the statements that describe the Philippine War.

683-684 Emilio Aguinaldo, the leader of the Filipino rebellion against the Spanish, initially welcomed U.S. forces as allies against the Spanish. The war was brutal, and both sides committed atrocities during the conflict that ultimately tarnished the reputation of the United States. McKinley justified the brutal prosecution of the war on the grounds that the United States was trying to civilize and Christianize the Filipinos. The U.S. colonial administration immediately invested in railroads and harbors, brought in American school teachers and public health officials, and sought to modernize agriculture.

Populists refused to support the creation of labor unions and opposed government interference in the economy.

654 False Populists had a rather radical reform agenda that included public ownership of railroads, support for unions, a graduated income tax, low-cost government financing for farmers, and government control of the currency. It would take a generation, but much of what the Populists platform supported would be called for again by Progressives in the early twentieth century.

How did the Populists try to appeal to industrial workers?

656 They supported the demands of Coxey's Army for the government to provide unemployment relief. They protected striking miners.

Match the following terms and statements dealing with labor and government interactions.

656 federal troops called in to disperse hundreds of unemployed men marching on Washington- Coxey's Army (Jacob Coxey) declared martial law and sent militia and federal troops into mining regions to break up strikes- Idaho governor Strikes at a railroad car manufacturer led to a general strike by the American Railway Union that crippled national rail service- Pullman

Identify the statements that describe the Redeemers and the impact of their rise to power.

659-660 They were a group of merchants, planters, and entrepreneurs who dominated regional politics and sought to undo Reconstruction efforts They passed new laws authorizing the arrest of virtually any person without a job and greatly increased the penalties for petty crimes. They reduced budgets for schools and hospitals, as well as reduced taxes for people who owned property.

Identify the economic conditions in the South by matching the locations and regions to their descriptions.

659-660 important mining and steel center- Birmingham, Alabama important textile region- South Carolina The "number one" economic problem in the country, as the per capita income was below the national average- the South

Identify the statements that describe the experiences of African-Americans in the South.

660-661 In most of the Deep South, African-Americans owned a smaller percentage of land in 1900 than they did at the end of Reconstruction. Black men were excluded from white-collar jobs.

Between 1890 and 1906, every southern state attempted to enact laws and constitutional provisions meant to eliminate the black vote. Identify the methods and laws implemented to disenfranchise African-Americans and, to a lesser extent, poor whites.

663-664 poll tax literacy requirements grandfather clause

The 1890s witnessed a major shift in the sources of immigration to the United States. Define the key terms pertaining to the "new immigrants."

669-670 descriptive term used by native-born Americans to describe new immigrants- "races" the region(s) from which most 'new immigrants' came- Eastern Europe the region(s) from which most traditional immigrants came- Ireland, England, Germany, and Scandinavia

The Immigration Restriction League, while having a large membership, failed to have any impact on legislation in Congress limiting the influx of immigrants to the United States.

670 False The League called for reducing immigration by barring illiterates from entering the country. Eventually, such a measure was adopted by Congress but vetoed by President Grover Cleveland in 1897.

Identify the statements that describe Chinese immigration and immigrants to the United States.

670-672 Congress excluded Chinese women from entering the United States. The Chinese Exclusion Act temporarily barred immigrants from China. Chinese immigrants were required to carry identification at all times.

Identify the statements that describe Booker T. Washington and his ideas.

672-673 Washington urged blacks to adjust to segregation and abandon agitation for civil and political rights. Washington urged blacks to seek the assistance of white employers who would prefer docile, dependable black workers to radicalized whites.

Within the labor movement, the demise of the Knights of Labor led to a shift away from the broadly reformist past to more limited goals. The ascendancy of the American Federation of Labor (AFL) was indicative of this new direction. Identify the statements that describe the AFL.

673, 676 Rather than confronting the owners of industry head on, the AFL devoted itself to negotiating with employers for better working conditions and higher wages. The new AFL policies became known as "business unionism" in the language of the era's business culture.