Integumentary System
blood vessels, and sweat glands
Body temperature is influenced by two structures located in the dermis, ____ and _____.
Papillary layer
Composed of areolar connective tissue
Subcutaneous layer
Not considered part of the integument
stratum licidum
Only in thick skin
3-5
How many layers of keratinocytes comprise the stratum granulosum?
blood clot
In the second step of wound healing, a ____ forms.
Acts as an energy resevoir, provides thermal insulation, pads the body, protects the body
Main functions of subcutaneous layer are _____. [4]
vitamin D3 and cholecalciferol
Many cells in the epidermis produce _____ and ____ when exposed to UV radiation.
blood vessels in dermis
Since there are no blood vessels in the epidermis, where does its supply of nutrients come from?
heredity and sun exposure
The amount of melanin in the skin is determined by ____ and _____
keratin
The cells of the stratum corneum contain large amounts of the protein _____.
collagen fibers, blood vessels, and adipose tissue
The epidermis lacks _____. [3]
nucleus
The main function of melanin pigment is to protect the ____ of keratinocytes from UV radiation.
thick skin
The stratum licidum is found only in ______.
protection, secretion and absorption, thermal regulation, synthesis of vitamin D, and perception of the environment
What are the functions of the skin? [5]
sensory nerve
When compressed, tactile cells release chemicals that stumulate ____ _____ endings in the dermis.
vascular
Drugs are often injected into the subcutaneous layer because its extensive _____ network promotes rapid absorption.
semi permeable
Because skin can absorb certain chemicals and block others, it is described as _____.
keratinized, stratified squamous epithelium
Classify the tissue type of the epidermis
collagen, elastic
In the dermis of the skin, ____ fibers impart tensile strength while ____ fibers allow some stretch and contraction in the dermis during normal movement.
keratinocytes
The stratum corneum consists of about 20 to 30 layers of dead, scaly, interlocking keratinized cells called _____.
scar, fibrosis
When part of the skin is too severely damaged or its cells lack the capacity to divide, the body fills in the gap with ______ tissue. This process is known as _____.
collagen, striae
When the skin is stretched beyond it's capacity, some ____ fibers are torn and result in stretch marks, which are called _____.
regeneration and fibrosis
Damaged tissues are normally repaired in one of two ways:
Reticular layer
Dense irregular connective tissue surrounding blood vessels, hair follciles, nerves, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands
friction ridges
Fingerprints are useful as a forensic tool because each individual has a unique pattern of _____.
thick
Friction ridges assume the shape of complex arches and whorls in ____ skin.
clotting, platelets
In the first step of wound healing, bleeding is stopped by the ____ proteins and _____.
stratum granulosum
Keratinization begins in this layer
stratum spinosum
Keratinocytes attached to neighbors by desmosomes
breasts, buttocks
Women often accumulate subcutaneous fat in the ____, ____, hips, and thighs
stratum basale
Contains keratinocytes, melanocytes, and tactile cells
salts, urea
The substances that make sweat feel gritty are water, _____ and _____.
thickness, coloration, and skin markings
The three main variations in the epidermis are _____, ______, and ______.
granulation tissue
The vascular connective tissue that initially forms in a healing wound is called ____.
basale
In the fourth step of wound healing, regeneration of the epidermis occurs due to division of stratum ____ cells at the edge of the wound.
clot
In the fourth step of wound healing, the new stratum basale cells migrate over the wound, moving internally to the now superficial remains of the _____.
macrophages
In the third step of wound healing, ______ within the wound begin to remove the clotted blood.
regenerate
In the third step of wound healing, the cut blood vessels ____ and grow in the wound.
basale, spinosum, granulosum
In thin and thick skin, the layers that contain living cells are the stratum _____, stratum _____, and stratum ____.
stratum corneum
Most superficial layer of epidermis
hair, exocrine, nerve
Some integumentary system components are not repaired following damage; these include ____ follicles, ____ glands, ____ cells, and muscle fibers.
spinosum, divide
After a stem cell divides in the stratum basale, the resulting daughter cell enters the stratum ____ and it begins to lose its ability to _____.
pressure, cold, vibration, and heat
Among the stimuli detected by the sensory receptors of the skin are ____? [4]
blood
In the first step of wound healing, cut blood vessels release _____ into the wound.
white blood cells, anitbodies, and clotting protiens
In the first step of wound healing, the blood brings (3 things)
nucleus, permeable
During keratinization, the ______ and organelles of the cells disintegrate and the calls start to die. Also their membrances become thicker and less _____ to water.