Integumentary System

blood vessels, and sweat glands

Body temperature is influenced by two structures located in the dermis, ____ and _____.

Papillary layer

Composed of areolar connective tissue

Subcutaneous layer

Not considered part of the integument

stratum licidum

Only in thick skin

3-5

How many layers of keratinocytes comprise the stratum granulosum?

blood clot

In the second step of wound healing, a ____ forms.

Acts as an energy resevoir, provides thermal insulation, pads the body, protects the body

Main functions of subcutaneous layer are _____. [4]

vitamin D3 and cholecalciferol

Many cells in the epidermis produce _____ and ____ when exposed to UV radiation.

blood vessels in dermis

Since there are no blood vessels in the epidermis, where does its supply of nutrients come from?

heredity and sun exposure

The amount of melanin in the skin is determined by ____ and _____

keratin

The cells of the stratum corneum contain large amounts of the protein _____.

collagen fibers, blood vessels, and adipose tissue

The epidermis lacks _____. [3]

nucleus

The main function of melanin pigment is to protect the ____ of keratinocytes from UV radiation.

thick skin

The stratum licidum is found only in ______.

protection, secretion and absorption, thermal regulation, synthesis of vitamin D, and perception of the environment

What are the functions of the skin? [5]

sensory nerve

When compressed, tactile cells release chemicals that stumulate ____ _____ endings in the dermis.

vascular

Drugs are often injected into the subcutaneous layer because its extensive _____ network promotes rapid absorption.

semi permeable

Because skin can absorb certain chemicals and block others, it is described as _____.

keratinized, stratified squamous epithelium

Classify the tissue type of the epidermis

collagen, elastic

In the dermis of the skin, ____ fibers impart tensile strength while ____ fibers allow some stretch and contraction in the dermis during normal movement.

keratinocytes

The stratum corneum consists of about 20 to 30 layers of dead, scaly, interlocking keratinized cells called _____.

scar, fibrosis

When part of the skin is too severely damaged or its cells lack the capacity to divide, the body fills in the gap with ______ tissue. This process is known as _____.

collagen, striae

When the skin is stretched beyond it's capacity, some ____ fibers are torn and result in stretch marks, which are called _____.

regeneration and fibrosis

Damaged tissues are normally repaired in one of two ways:

Reticular layer

Dense irregular connective tissue surrounding blood vessels, hair follciles, nerves, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands

friction ridges

Fingerprints are useful as a forensic tool because each individual has a unique pattern of _____.

thick

Friction ridges assume the shape of complex arches and whorls in ____ skin.

clotting, platelets

In the first step of wound healing, bleeding is stopped by the ____ proteins and _____.

stratum granulosum

Keratinization begins in this layer

stratum spinosum

Keratinocytes attached to neighbors by desmosomes

breasts, buttocks

Women often accumulate subcutaneous fat in the ____, ____, hips, and thighs

stratum basale

Contains keratinocytes, melanocytes, and tactile cells

salts, urea

The substances that make sweat feel gritty are water, _____ and _____.

thickness, coloration, and skin markings

The three main variations in the epidermis are _____, ______, and ______.

granulation tissue

The vascular connective tissue that initially forms in a healing wound is called ____.

basale

In the fourth step of wound healing, regeneration of the epidermis occurs due to division of stratum ____ cells at the edge of the wound.

clot

In the fourth step of wound healing, the new stratum basale cells migrate over the wound, moving internally to the now superficial remains of the _____.

macrophages

In the third step of wound healing, ______ within the wound begin to remove the clotted blood.

regenerate

In the third step of wound healing, the cut blood vessels ____ and grow in the wound.

basale, spinosum, granulosum

In thin and thick skin, the layers that contain living cells are the stratum _____, stratum _____, and stratum ____.

stratum corneum

Most superficial layer of epidermis

hair, exocrine, nerve

Some integumentary system components are not repaired following damage; these include ____ follicles, ____ glands, ____ cells, and muscle fibers.

spinosum, divide

After a stem cell divides in the stratum basale, the resulting daughter cell enters the stratum ____ and it begins to lose its ability to _____.

pressure, cold, vibration, and heat

Among the stimuli detected by the sensory receptors of the skin are ____? [4]

blood

In the first step of wound healing, cut blood vessels release _____ into the wound.

white blood cells, anitbodies, and clotting protiens

In the first step of wound healing, the blood brings (3 things)

nucleus, permeable

During keratinization, the ______ and organelles of the cells disintegrate and the calls start to die. Also their membrances become thicker and less _____ to water.