Integumentary system

In 1st degree burns, the healing time averages about __ days, and typically no scarring results

3-5

malignant tumor

A potentially fatal cancerous tumor that is invasive enough to impair the functions of one or more organs.

Keratin

A protein that's produced in cells of the epidermis that improves it durability and resistance to infection

3rd degree burn

All of the dermis is affected.. sometimes muscle and bone are destroyed

Milk and ear wax

Are secreted from modified sweat glands

Contraction of the arrector pili muscles causes the hair follicle to..

Become perpendicular to the skin, resulting in the hair "standing on end"

What is the the dermis supplied with?

Blood vessels, cutaneous glands, and nerves

Which of the following is not found in thick skin? A) stratum lucidum B) stratum corneum C) hair follicles D) sweat glands

C) hair follicles

Which of the following isn't a type of hair? A) lanugo B) vellus C)keratin D) terminal

C) keratin

Normal skin color is a result of the combination of hemoglobin, melanin, and ______

Carotene

Among the stimuli detected by the sensory receptors of the skin are____?

Cold, pressure, and vibration

Lines of cleavage indicate the predominant orientation of ____ fibers in the skin

Collagen

sweat glands

Consist of eccrine and apocrine glands

Reticular layer of the dermis

Consists of dense irregular CT

Each dermal papillae...

Contains the capillaries that supply nutrients to the cells of the epidermis

epidermal ridges

Deep projections of the epidermis

What type of tissue composes the dermis?

Dense irregular Connective tissue

What's a normal response to excessive loss of body heat in a cold environment?

Dermal blood vessels constrict

Reddened skin reflects

Dilated blood vessels, sending more blood to the dermis

Merocrine sweat production _________ during the aging process

Diminishes

Which two tissues make up the cutaneous membrane?

Epidermis & dermis

3rd degree burns involve the ______, dermis, and ____ layer, which often are destroyed

Epidermis, subcutaneous

Sweat cools the body by

Evaporation

Nail root

Extends proximally under the underlying skin

When the incision runs parallel to the lines of cleavage, would result in a ____healing time

Faster

Thin skin

Found everywhere except the palms, soles, fingertips and toe tips

Albinism (Albino)

Genetic lack of melanin

Thick skin

Has sweat glands but no hair follicles or sebaceous gland

The oxygen binding protein that gives skin its reddish tint is

Hemoglobin

Merkel cells ( Tactile cells)

Highly sensitive receptors involved in the sense of touch

What type of tissues composes the epidermis?

Keratinized, stratified squamous epithelium

What 3 cell types are found in the stratum basale?

Keratinocytes, melanocytes, and tactile cells

List the four type of cells found in the epidermis.

Keratinocytes, melanocytes, langerhans cells, and merkle cells

dendritic (Langerhans) cells

Macrophages (WBCs) that originate in the bone marrow and migrate to the skin

basal cell carcinoma

Malignant tumor of the basal cell layer of the epidermis & the MOST COMMON

Exposure to ultraviolet light darkens skin by stimulating synthesis of

Melanin

Melanin is produced and stored in

Melanocytes

Sebum

Oil produced by sebaceous gland that keeps the skin and hair moistured

Hemoglobin

Oxygen carrying pigment in red blood cells

Pallor

Pale color from lack of color

Second degree burn

Part of the dermis is involved... severe sunburns and many scalds

Free edge of nail

Portion of the nail that hangs over the tip of the finger

apocrine sweat glands

Produce an organic substance that causes body odor

Glands

Produce secretions that create and environment unsuitable for some microorganisms

Nails

Protect the ends of the nails and toes from damage

What's are the functions of the integument?

Protection, prevention of water loss, temperature regulation, and immune defense

Functions of the skin

Protection, sensation, temperature regulation, vitamin D production, and excretion

Hair

Protections against abrasion; acts as a heat insulator, protects the eyes against foreign objects

Skin

Protects against abrasion; contains melanin , which absorbs damaging UV light

Erythema

Redness due to dilated cutaneous vessels

Damaged tissues are normally repaired in one of two ways...

Regeneration and fibrosis

Characteristics of the ceremonious gland

Secretes earwax Waterproofs the ear canal

Characteristics of the sebaceous gland

Secretes sebum, usually opens into a hair follicle, coats the scalp hair with oil Blockage and infection can cause pimples

What's the function of the epidermis?

Serves as a physical barrier to invaders, protecting the body from the environment

Hair matrix

Serves as hairs growth center

Fibrosis

Serves to bind the damaged parts together

Squamous cell carcinoma

Skin cancer that arises from the keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum

When the incision runs perpendicular to the lines of cleavage, would result in a ____ healing time

Slower

Composed of cuboidal and columnar cells & contains keratinocytes,melanocytes, and tactile cells

Stratum basale

The layer of the epidermis that includes melanocytes and a single row of columnar cells that undergo mitosis is the

Stratum basale

In thin and thick skin, what are the layers that contain living cells?

Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum

The layer made up of multiple layers of dead keratinocytes that regularly exfoliate

Stratum corneum

List the strata of thick skin in order from superficial to deep

Stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale

This layer is named for the presence of dark-staining granules. Keratinization begins in this layer

Stratum granulosum

The keratinocytes within this layer are flattened and filled with eleidin(a protein)

Stratum lucidum

Which strata is not found in the skin?

Stratum lucidum

Toward the apical surface and the keratinocytes cease cell division. Epidermal dendritic cells are in this layer

Stratum spinosum

papillary layer

Superficial region of the dermis that's deep to the epidermis.. and composed of areolar CT

What are epidermal ridges?

Surface ridges of the epidermis of the palms and soles, where the sweat pores open

Nail fold

Surrounding skin rising slightly above the nail

How does sweat glands function in homeostasis?

Temperature regulation

Nail matrix

The growth zone of the nail

Eponychium (cuticle)

The narrow zone of dead skin overhanging the proximal end of a nail

Lunula of the nail

The opaque white crescent at the proximal end of the nail

hair shaft

The portion of hair that projects above the epidermis ( visible hair)

Dermal papilllae

The projections of the dermis

What is regeneration?

The replacement of damaged or dead cells with the same cell type

Hair bulb

The rounded, club-shaped part of hair located at the end of the hair root where the hair originates in the dermis or hypodermis

What is the largest organ in the body?

The skin

As a person ages, the skin undergoes what change?

The subcutaneous tissue loses adipose tissue

Nail body (plate)

The visible, attached part of the nail

The major function of merocrine sweat glands are..

Thermoregulation, protection, and secretion

Keratinocytes

These form epidermal keratin

How are fingerprints made?

They are formed from large folds and valleys of bogus dermis and epidermis.

Epidermal dendritic (Langerhans) cells

They provide immune defense that help fight infection

Vasodilation

When diameters of blood vessels increase so that relatively more blood can travel through them; shunts blood towards superficial blood vessels, more heat dissipated( cooling of the body)

Carotenes

Yellow pigment of veggies and egg yolks

Jaundice

Yellowing due to excuses bilirubin

Cyanosis

a bluish discoloration or the skin caused by a lack of adequate oxygen

Hematoma (bruise)

a solid swelling of clotted blood within the tissues.

malignant melanoma

malignant tumor composed of melanocytes & the MOST DEADLY TYPE

Vasoconstriction

narrowing of blood vessels

eccrine sweat glands

produce a water substance and associated with exercise and stress

Melanocytes

produce melanin

mammary glands

produce milk

The skin houses two types of general exocrine glands:

sweat glands and sebaceous sweat glands

Characteristics of thin skin

-contains subaceous glands -doesn't include the stratum lucidum -contains hair follicles -found over the most

Characteristics of thick skin

-found on the palms of hands -found on the soles of the feet -doesn't contain hair follicles -contain all five epidermal strata