Intensive vs. Extensive Agriculture

Briefly describe all 3 types of survey methods. Go back to the slides above if you need.

Metes and Bounds describes property boundaries in terms of lines drawn in a certain direction for a specific distance from clear points of reference Long-lot survey system Adjacent long strips of land stretching back from frontage along a river or lake. System was used by the French. Township and Range system townships of 6 miles x 6 miles, giving a total of 36 square miles

List some types of intensive commercial agriculture.

Some types of intensive commercial agriculture would be monocropping, crop rotation, and plantation agriculture.

Describe nomadic herding.

a type of agriculture where people move according to their domesticated animals in order to allow the best grazing.

What is transhumance?

the movement of herds between pastures at cooler, higher elevations during the summer months and lower elevations during the winter.

Describe shifting cultivation.

the process of growing crops and grazing on a piece of land for a year or two. After this time is up and the nutrients from the plot of land are depleted, the farmers move to a new piece of land and start the process over again.

A society's agricultural practices depend on what factors?

A society's agricultural practices rely on climate, culture, the availability of capital, the quality of land, the supply of labor, global markets, and societal needs and demands for agricultural output.

Describe slash and burn.

A type of shifting cultivation. Farmers will cut down all existing vegetation and burn what is left so that the soil is fertile. After the desired land is depleted of the nutrients, fertile aspect, the farmers move to a new plot of land and start the process over again.

Explain what CAFO's is.

CAFO stands for Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations. CAFO allows farmers with smaller plots of land and opportunity to maximize their potential. This allows for easier management of animals and causes fewer costs involved in the operations

Briefly describe all 3 rural settlement patterns. Go back to the slides if you need.

Clustered Settlement: A way in which residents live in proximity, Dispersed Settlements: In which houses and buildings are isolated from one another. All homes and buildings are spread out in a relatively large area. Linear Settlement Houses and buildings extend in a long line that usually follows the shape and direction of a land feature. An example of this would be a river, coast, or hill, that may even align on a transportation route.

What is extensive agriculture?

Extensive agriculture is an agricultural practice with relatively few inputs and little investment in labor. It also has a capital that results in relatively low outputs.

Extensive subsistence agriculture is mainly found where?

Extensive subsistence agriculture is mainly found in countries where intensive subsistence agriculture is too feasible because the environment is marginal meaning too wet, too dry, too cold, or too hot.

In intensive commercial agriculture, who are the farmers mainly growing for?

Farmers in intensive commercial agriculture are mainly growing for sale at the market.

1. What happens in Intensive Agriculture?

Intensive agriculture happens when framers attempt to get the maximum yield of crops in a given plot of land. Requires high amount of energy

Intensive commercial agriculture often incorporates ______________.

Intensive commercial agriculture often incorporates heavy investments in labor and capital and results in high yields for profit.

Many countries will participate in a _____________. Give an example and how.

Many countries will participate in a mix of practices. Kenya for example has both coffee and tea plantations. This is possible due to different climates in different regions of a state. The intensive versus extensive farming processes will come into play here because of the benefits and negatives each climate and plot of land provides.

In your own words, describe market gardening.

Market gardening is a form of farming that grows fruits, vegetables, and flowers. These products will most likely go to markets serving urban cities.

In your own words, describe mixed crops and livestock.

Mixed crop and livestock systems is a type of farming where both plants/food and animals are raised for profit.

How can farmers maximize food production in intensive subsistence agriculture? Give 2 examples from the text.

Modifying their local environment. In Asia, the use of pesticides and fertilizers is high, modifying the ultimate amount of nutrients in the soil and causing rice production to increase over a shorter amount of time than without the added nutrients.

What is monocropping?

Monocropping is the cultivation of one or two crops that are rotated seasonally.

What is monoculture? What are its benefits? What is a negative?

Monoculture is the act of growing one specific type of plant or rising one species of animal annually. Monoculture is extremely beneficial because the farmers can buy seeds in bulk, only need a set amount of certain tools, and only need fertilizers and pesticides specific to one plant. A negative of monoculture is that the soil used for growing crops becomes depleted of its nutrients.

______________ is a major determinant of the agricultural practices used.

Physical geography is a major determinant of the agricultural practices used.

In your own words, describe plantation agriculture.

Plantation agriculture is a type of farming where one crop is grown for markets that are often far away from the plantation itself. It is a large-scale commercial form of farming.

Rain forests of the Amazon Basin or in the semiarid grasslands of Central Asia and the American West, use extensive agricultural practices. The only way to make up for the low yields that such land produces is to work a more extensive expanse of land.

Rain forests of the Amazon Basin or in the semiarid grasslands of Central Asia and the American West, use extensive agricultural practices. The only way to make up for the low yields that such land produces is to work a more extensive expanse of land.

_________________ is a extensive commercial farming practice. Where is it done?

Ranching is an extensive commercial farming practice. It tends to take place in semi-grassland areas around the world in which crop growth is difficult or impossible. A few examples of places this takes place would be America and the Canadian West.

Rich soils—such as those in eastern China and the American Midwest—are better suited to intensive agricultural practices because they can produce high yields.

Rich soils—such as those in eastern China and the American Midwest—are better suited to intensive agricultural practices because they can produce high yields.

In Intensive Subsistence agriculture, who are the farmers mainly supporting? In what types of countries does this mainly happen?

Their family and their small community Periphery and Semi-periphery

What things can impact the yield of intensive subsistence agriculture. Give an example of this from the text?

Weather, seed quality, and the use or lack of fertilizers and pesticides. Africa, heavy rains and storms often destroy crops faster than they can rebuild themselves.