International Marketing Exam 2- Culture
Low Context Communication characteristics
- mass of imfo is explicit in the message -rules oriented -more knowledge is public, external, and accessible -shorter duration of communication -knowledge is transferable -task-center. Decisions and activates focus around what needs to be done and the division of responsibilities
In most cultures, religions define
-reasons for being -ideals for life -includes acknowledgement of a higher power
Social Institutions- the family
an institution has a profound effect on the culture and is strongly influenced by the culture that surrounds it.
Communication tips when working across languages
avoid all -metaphors -clichés -jargon -idiomatic phrases -slang -difficult or rarely used words
Culture is a set of traditional ________ and _______ that are transmitted and shared in a given society
beliefs and values
High power distance ranking countries tend to follow a _____ system.
caste -system does not allow for upward mobility of its citizens
Culture facilitates________. It provides common habits of thought and feelings among people and makes communication easier among them.
communication
a high ____ ____________ ________ indicates that individuality and individual rights are paramount within the socitey
high individualism ranking
A ____ ______ ________ ranking indicates the country has a low tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity
high uncertainty avoidance
culture is the way...
how people(groups) solve problems
difference between language and dialect
if two people find each other's speech unintelligible, they are usually thought to be speaking different languages rather than dialects.
High Individualism societies may tend to form _____ number of _____ relationships
larger looser
Culture is _______. It is not genetic- we acquire it as we grow and mature. The term for this process is enculturation or socialization. When we learn a second culture the process is acculturation.
learned
In general , cultures that favor ______-_______ communications will may more attention to the literal meanings of words than the context surrounding them
low-context
Culture is __________. It defines the kinds of behaviors that are acceptable in a given society. This may limit choices of products, channels, promotion appeal and other tools.
prescriptive
Difference between high-context and low-context communication
refers to how much speakers rely on things other than words to convey meaning
A high uncertainty avoidance creates a more _____ ______- society that institutes laws, rules, regulations, and controls in order to reduce the amount of uncertainty
rules-oriented
Culture Definitions
the collective programming of the mind that distinguishes the members of one group of people from those of another
Dimensions of culture- Hofstede model
-Individualism(vs collectivism) -power distance -Uncertainty Avoidance -Masculinity -Long vs Short term orientation
Culture influences two things
-behavior -consumption patterns
Social Institutions- Reference groups
-can be both peer groups and role models -provide guidance regarding many patterns of behavior that is not specifically provided by cultural norms -they are particularly important to socially conspicuous behavior such as clothing styles
High context communication characters
-knowledge is situational, relational -less is verbally explicit or written/ formally expressed -more internalized understanding of what is communicated(ex- inside jokes) -decisions and activities focus around personal face-to-face communication, often around a central, authoritative figure -strong awareness of who is accepted/belongs vs outsiders"
Masculinity
Also known as achievement: versus relationship- orientation, culture high on masculinity rate achievement and success
Culture is _______. It is sometimes referred to as the accumulated wisdom of our ancestors. Culture may represent thousand of years, or even generations of experiences. Obviously, some cultures are more accepting of new ways than others.
Cumulative
A ____ ____-____ __________ ranking indicates the country prescribes to the values of long-term commitments and respect for tradition
High long-term orientation
A ____ _______ _______ ranking indicates that the inequalities of power and wealth are more acceptable within a society
High power distance
Language definition
a mechanism for communication using words and symbols with rules for their assembly into sentences, etc.
Culture is ______. It is typically shared from generation to generating and is the basis of group identity. SO successful cultures tend to promote perpetuation of themselves and to resist change.
enduring
power distance
focuses on the degree of equality, or inequality between people in the country's society
Individualism(vs collectivism)
focuses on the degree of individual vs collective achievement and interpersonal relationships
long vs short term orientation
focuses on the degree the society embraces, or does not embrace, long term devotion to traditional thinking values
Uncertainty Avoidance
focuses on the level of tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity within the society
Culture is ______ _______. Culture does not exist by its self, it is a living phenomena that is a product of human interaction
socially shared
Culture is ________. Different cultures often prescribe opposite behavior in specific situations. The differences are often arbitrary and maybe the result of historical circumstances.
subjective
Religions form the basis of ______ and ______, both for individuals and societies
values and attitudes
Poor nations tend to be _____ religious, USA being the exception
very
language reflects the...
ways (and can shape) of thinking
