International Relations exam questions chapter 1

Sovereignty is A) a state government answering to no higher authority. B) a goal of international organizations in world affairs. C) the ability of one country to have influence over another. D) the development of participatory institutions of social life. E) political control over the military.

A) A state government answering to no higher authority

45. Which of the following was NOT a crisis of the Cold War? A) Helsinki conflict B) Korean War C) Building of the Berlin Wall D) Cuban Missile Crisis E) Vietnam War

A) Helsinki conflict

Why are collective goods easier to provide in small groups than large groups? A) The defection of one member is harder to conceal. B) The defection of one member has a smaller impact on the overall collective good. C) Small groups want to cooperate more than large groups. D) Small groups tend to have a central authority to enforce rules on members. E) They are not easier to provide in small groups because in large groups there are more members to punish the defector.

A) The defection of one member is harder to conceal.

How do dominance and reciprocity compare as solutions to collective-goods problems? Dominance A)relies on a power hierarchy acting as a central authority, whereas reciprocity operates without any central authority. B) has advantages and disadvantages, whereas reciprocity has only advantages. C) forms the basis of most institutions in the international system, whereas reciprocity has limited application. D) is the basis of cooperation in IR, whereas reciprocity typically leads to conflict. E) works best in groups of small states, whereas reciprocity works best in groups of large states

A) relies on a power hierarchy acting as a central authority, whereas reciprocity operates without any central authority.

Groups within states that influence the state's foreign policy are called A) substate actors. B) transnational actors. C) nongovernmental organizations. D) undergovernmental actors. E) intergovernmental organizations.

A) substate actors

The collective-goods problem is A) the problem of how to provide something that benefits all members of a group regardless of what each member contributes. B) that states are taking unilateral security actions. C) that the majority of the world's resources are consumed by a small percentage of the world population. D) that communes are no longer promoting economic growth. E) that the global financial system is increasingly interconnected.

A) the problem of how to provide something that benefits all members of a group regardless of what each member contributes.

44. Which of the following events in the post-World War II period probably brought the United States and the Soviet Union closest to nuclear war? A) Building of the Berlin Wall B) Cuban Missile Crisis C) Korean War D) U.S. involvement in Vietnam E) The Berlin airlift

B) Cuban Missile Crisis

The Berlin Wall was built by A) West Germany. B) East Germany. C) Russia. D) the United States. E) Britain.

B) East Germany

The disadvantages of dominance as a solution to collective-goods problems include which of the following? A) A downward spiral as each side punishes what it believes to be negative acts by the other B) Stability that comes at a cost of constant oppression of the lower-ranking members in the status hierarchy C) Other groups being unlikely to challenge the top group's power position D) Fueling arms races in which members respond to other members' buildup of weapons E) A loss of credibility, if too many threats are made

B) Stability that comes at a cost of constant oppression of the lower-ranking members in the status hierarchy

During the Cold War, the alliance of states coordinated under the leadership of the Soviet Union was called the A) Eastern Alliance. B) Warsaw Pact. C) Council for Mutual Economic Assistance. D) Baghdad Pact. E) the Nonaligned Movement.

B) Warsaw Pact

Consideration of the political organizations, government agencies, and economic sectors of states is the focus of the ________ level of analysis. A) individual B) domestic C) interstate D) global E) systemic

B) domestic

A nation is a A) territorial entity controlled by a government and inhabited by a population. B) group of people who share characteristics such as language and culture. C) set of relationships among the world's states. D) middle step between being a colony and being an independent state. E) member of the United Nations.

B) group of people who share characteristics such as language and culture

An organization whose members are national governments is a(n) A) nongovernmental organization (NGO). B) intergovernmental organization (IGO). C) worldwide transnational organization (WTO). D) multinational organization (MNO). E) global governmental organization (GGO).

B) intergovernmental organization (IGO)

In 2010, Russia offered to give Iran nuclear fuel in return for its enriched uranium. This type of nuclear deal can be considered an example of which principle? A) Dominance B) Reciprocity C) Identity D) Collective interest E) Collective good

B) reciprocity

The so-called military-industrial complex in the United States could be considered a/n _______ actor. A) governmental B) substate C) international D) transnational E) multinational

B) substate

With respect to globalization, A) opponents are united in their goals and tactics. B) policies to expand free trade are a central focus of antiglobalization protesters. C) all sides agree that the North-South gap is disappearing. D) states are becoming stronger, more important actors in IR. E) union members from the global North want to stop their jobs from being shipped to the global South, where workers do not want them anyway.

B)policies to expand free trade are a central focus of antiglobalization protesters

Which of the following is NOT a point of view on globalization? A) Globalization diffuses authority, transforming state power to operate in new contexts. B) The world's major economies are no more integrated today than before World War I, and the North-South gap is increasing. C) Globalization is changing international security more quickly and profoundly than international political economy. D) Globalization is the fruition of liberal economic principles where a global marketplace has brought growth and prosperity. E) All of the above are points of view on globalization

C) Globalization is changing international security more quickly and profoundly than international political economy

The first armed conflict of the post-Cold War era was A) the disintegration of the Soviet Union. B) the disintegration of Yugoslavia. C) Iraq's invasion of Kuwait. D) the humanitarian crisis in Somalia. E) the conflict in Rwanda.

C) Iraq's invasion of Kuwait

Recent crises involving nuclear weapons programs involve which of the following countries? A) China and Israel B) Venezuela and Somalia C) North Korea and Iran D) Iraq and Syria E) Russia and Ukraine

C) North Korea and Iran

In what way did the United States attempt to contain Soviet influence around the world after World War II? A) Maintaining military bases and alliances only in Europe, close to Soviet borders B) Staging missile tests in the Arctic to intimidate the Soviets C) Providing aid through the Marshall Plan to rebuild Western Europe D) Splitting with China E) All of the above

C) Providing aid through the Marshall Plan to rebuild Western Europe

An example of a political entity often referred to as a state but NOT formally recognized as one is A) Israel. B) Iraq. C) Taiwan. D) Western Sahara. E) Lebanon.

C) Taiwan

ALL BUT WHICH of the following makes collective-goods problems more likely at the international level? A) State sovereignty B) The lack of a central authority C) The greater willingness of domestic societies to cooperate D) The lack of punishment for defections E) The nature of "global" problems that do not affect a single state.

C) The greater willingness of domestic societies to cooperate.

What role do states play as economic units in the process of globalization, according to economic liberalists? A) They are the driving forces. B) A handful of states dominate the process. C) They share equal power in the process. D) They opposed the process. E) They have become obsolete

C) They share equal power in the process

Which of the following theorists are most likely to believe that the European Union is ultimately going to replace its individual member states? A) Economic liberalists B) Realists C) Transformationalists D) Globalization skeptics E) Classical liberalists

C) Transformationalists

International relations revolves around the key problem of how A) to deal with the issue of global warming. B) to solve global poverty. C) a group can reconcile its collective and individual interests. D) to properly negotiate treaties. E) to manage territorial conflict.

C) a group can reconcile its collective and individual interests.

International relations: A) involves only presidents, generals, and diplomats. B) influences daily life only when war occurs. C) concerns the relationships among the world's governments. D) is largely concerned with bilateral relations between states. E) involves only states.

C) concerns the relationships among the world's governments

The _______ level of analysis concerns the choices and actions of human beings. A) domestic B) global C) individual D) interstate E) state

C) individual

The two major subfields of international relations are A) conflict and cooperation. B) comparative politics and international security. C) international security and international political economy. D) international political economy and comparative politics. E) international organization and international law.

C) international security and international political economy

The level of analysis that considers the geographic locations and relative power of states is the ________ level of analysis, whereas the ________ level of analysis concerns groups of individuals within states. A) individual, interstate B) domestic, individual C) interstate, domestic D) global, individual E) domestic, global

C) interstate, domestic

The set of relationships among the world's states, structured according to certain rules and patterns of interaction, is referred to as A) globalization. B) international institutionalization. C) the international system. D) interdependence. E) international relations.

C) the international system

46. In the Cold War era, just as was the case for the United States in Vietnam, the Soviet Union could not defeat rebel armies in A) Hungary. B) Czechoslovakia. C) Poland. D) Afghanistan. E) China.

D) Afghanistan

Which of the following is NOT an intergovernmental organization? A) The European Union (EU) B) The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) C) The World Trade Organization (WTO) D) Amnesty International (AI) E) African Union (AU)

D) Amnesty International (AI)

ALL BUT WHICH of the following were policies or organizations designed to fight the Soviet Union? A) The North Atlantic Treaty Organization B) Containment C) The Marshall Plan D) Détente E) The Munich Analogy

D) Detente

Which of the following regions can claim the largest GDP per capita? A) Europe B) Japan/Pacific C) China D) North America E) Russia/CIS

D) North America

Which of the following is NOT an example of a transnational actor? A) The North Atlantic Treaty Organization B) Multinational corporations C) Intergovernmental organizations D) The US State Department E) The African Union

D) The US State Department

How is the identity principle distinguished from the dominance and reciprocity principles? A) The identity principle relies on mutually beneficial arrangements, whereas the dominance and reciprocity principles rely on members to sacrifice their own interests to benefit others. B) Contributions to development assistance or UN peacekeeping missions are better explained by the dominance and reciprocity principles than the identity principle. C) The identity principle plays no role in preventing nuclear proliferation, whereas the dominance and reciprocity principles do play a role. D) The identity principle does not rely on self-interest, whereas the dominance and reciprocity principles rely on achieving individual self-interest. E) Nonstate actors rely on the dominance and reciprocity principles more than the identity principle.

D) The identity principle does not rely on self-interest, whereas the dominance and reciprocity principles rely on achieving individual self-interest

When Yugoslavia fell apart, A) European countries joined forces and sent troops to defend the borders of the newly independent, sovereign states. B) UN peacekeeping troops intervened and were able to keep casualties to a minimum. C) an arms embargo was placed on heavily armed Serbia, while Bosnia was allowed to build up its arsenal so each side would be more equal. D) ethnic Serbs seized parts of Croatia and Bosnia, where they killed or forced non-Serbs from their homes. E) successor states immediately joined the European Union.

D) ethnic Serbs seized parts of Croatia and Bosnia, where they killed or forced non-Serbs from their homes.

The central trend in international relations today is A) terrorism. B) economic development. C) diplomacy. D) globalization. E) democratization.

D) globalization

The ________ level of analysis concerns the influence of the international system upon outcomes, whereas the ________ level of analysis concerns the influence of trends and forces that transcend the interactions of states upon outcomes. A) domestic, interstate B) global, individual C) individual, domestic D) interstate, global E) domestic, global

D) interstate, global

Palestinians can be considered to be members of a A) sovereign state. B) nonsovereign state. C) failed state. D) nation. E) nation-state.

D) nation

International relations is largely a/n _________ discipline. A) historical B) theoretical C) economic D) practical E) political

D) practical

In the global North, the GDP per capita is roughly ____ times as high as in the global South. A) three B) four C) five D) six E) ten

D) six

A current example of a collective-goods problem is that A) poverty is so common around the globe. B) states find it hard to cooperate on monetary policy. C) states have a hard time communicating. D) states find it hard to cooperate to reduce environmental damage. E) states cannot agree on what they have in common.

D) states find it hard to cooperate to reduce environmental damage.

The post-Cold War era is A) more complex and unpredictable than the Cold War period. B) more peaceful than the Cold War period. C) characterized by a more global international economy. D) characterized by transnational concerns such as environmental degradation and disease. E) All of the above

E) All of the above

What was the result of the Korean War at the time of the 1953 truce? A) North Korea controlled more of the Korean peninsula, having gained territory from South Korea. B) South Korea controlled more of the Korean peninsula, having gained territory from North Korea. C) The United States shifted its support to North Korea, and China shifted its support to South Korea. D) South Korea became communist and North Korea became democratic. E) None of the above

E) None of the above

During the Cold War, the alliance of states coordinated under the leadership of the United States was called the A) European Union. B) United States Central Command. C) Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. D) Warsaw Pact. E) North Atlantic Treaty Organization

E) North Atlantic Treaty Organization

The disparity between the relatively rich industrialized countries and the relatively poor countries is called the A) tragedy of the commons. B) collective-goods problem. C) scarcity problem. D) development dilemma. E) North-South gap.

E) North-South Gap

Which of the following is NOT a necessary component of a state? A) Territory B) Government C) Sovereignty D) Population E) Democracy

E) democracy

Nonstate actors include ALL BUT WHICH of the following? A) Groups and interests within states that influence a state's foreign policy B) Actors that operate below the state level as well as across state borders C) Groups like Amnesty International and the United Fruit Company D) Actors like substate actors and multinational corporations E) Individual decision makers in the government

E) individual decision makers in the government

After World War II, Germany was occupied by A) the United States and the Soviet Union only. B) the United States and Britain only. C) the United States and France only. D) the United States, the Soviet Union, and Britain only. E) the United States, the Soviet Union, Britain, and France.

E) the United States, the Soviet Union, Britain, and France