International Rodeo
The 5 steps to guy installation are?
1. Install the anchor, 2. Inserting strain insulator or ground guy or both, 3. Fasten guy to pole, 4. Tighten guy wire and connect to anchor, 5. Mount the guy wire guard
What is the standard voltage variation for a residence with a 120 volt secondary service? In other words, what is the allowable high & low voltage?
114-126
The minimum ground clearance on a secondary service for voltages ranging from 0 to 750 volts in areas restricted to pedestrian traffic is _________ feet.
12 feet
Splices should be made at least ______ inches from the edge of the nearest tie wire, armor rod, or deadend clamp on a distribution conductor.
12 inches,
The process of checking a pole for decay involves excavating around a pole ____ to ____ ft below ground level and drilling a ____ in hole at a _____ to _____ degree downward angle to a depth sufficient to reach the center of the pole.
12" to 18", 3/8", 30 to 45 degree
Cadmium- Sulfide- cell "photo cells" has a resistance of ____ when dark.
15,000,000 ohms
Keep ropes away from temps. exceeding ___ degrees F., and fires.
150 degrees F
The need for apprenticeship training was recognized in the _____?
1930's
DC circuits usually consist of ____ wires.
2 wires
When installing duct runs between manholes, a good practice requires that the slope be no less than ___ inches for every 100 ft. in length.
3
A ____ft mast arm is used in alleys, a ____ft mast arm is used in residential areas w/streets less than 40 ft wide, a ____ft is used where streets are more than 40ft wide & in industrial/ commercial areas.
3 ft, 6 ft, 12 ft
True or False. The arc from a fuse blowing is extinguished due to the arc eroding the tube of the fuse holder, and creating a gas that extinguishes the arc.
True
When checking the sag of a conductor by using the stop watch method a rope should be placed _____ft from the pole and jerked. The returning wave should be counted 3,5,10, or 15 times.
3ft
A pad mounted transformer would normally serve ___ to ___ customers.
4 to 12
The optimum insulating SF6 gas pressure is ____psig.
50 psig
The size of a crew needed to pike a 30 ft pole is ____, 35 ft____, 40 ft____, 45 & 50 ft____.
6, 7, 8, 10
In the United States & Canada A/C power is generated at _______Hz (hertz or frequency)
60 Hz
Ground rods, measurements show that _____% of the total resistance surrounding a ground rod electrode is within a 6 to 10 foot radius.
90%
How many amps can the Load-buster tool safely interrupt?
900 on 12kv & 600 on 23kv
The part or component on a slack block that allows the worker to catch off the rope until the wire is attached is called a _____.
foul
The long splice sometimes known as the "______" splice is used to splice rope together when it is necessary to run freely through a block or sheave.
running
Insulators are dipped in a glazing solution and fired in a kiln. This provides a glossy surface and makes the insulator ______.
self-cleaning
While inside the equi-potential zone created with a equi-potential ground bracket an employee is safe from ______ & _______.
step potential & touch potential
More power can be drawn from a transformer during the winter because:
the ambient temperature is lower.
The development of _______ powered generation sites made it necessary to transmit electrical energy long distances.
to transmit electrical energy long distances. Water
Before lowering a victim to the ground:
two rescue breaths should be given so that the throat tissue has less chance of swelling shut & the heart will be more likely to keep breathing.
Fiber- optic systems offer the potential for companies to provide the following:
two-way communication with customers, immediate detection of customer outages, fault detection, immediate system isolation and improved power quality.
A come-along grip depends on the ____ action to grip conductors.
wedge
When selecting guy size, factors to be considered are:
weight of conductors, size and weight of crossarms and insulators, wind pressures, strain due to contour of the earth, line curvatures, pole heights, and deadend loads, plus the vertical load due to ice & sleet.
A tolerance of plus or minus ____ in. sag per 100ft. of span length is allowed to accurately measure wire sags.
½" of sag
Gains should be cut ____ deep.
½", (the height of the gain would depend on the height of the crossarm)
Explain the properties that describe a good insulator.
An object with few free electrons
Three kinds of copper used in the industry are hard-drawn, medium-drawn and ________ (soft drawn).
Annealed
From the ILR guidelines, where will the AED be placed when it arrives? ____________.
At the patient's left ear.
All knots are a combination of ______ ______ and _____.
Bight, loop, round turn
Before climbing a wood pole a visual inspection of the pole should be carried out and include looking for what?
General condition, cracks, shell rot, knots, setting depth, hollow spots, woodpecker holes and cracks.
DC transmission was initiated in _____ during the year ____.
Germany, 1883
There is still no normal breathing after you perform the action in question 314. What do you do next? ____________________ , and for how long? ___.
Give 2 rescue breaths; 1 sec. each.
A wire tong is used to ____.
Hold energized wire away from work area (a wire tong support holds the tong in place).
Amount of light that will illuminate a surface 1ft from source.
Candlepower
The pulsating of the output voltage in a circuit can be eliminated by adding a ____.
Capacitor
What does CPR stand for?
Cardio Pulmonary Recessitation
The actual voltage the hat sustains while being worn depends on several factors, name 3 of these.
Cleanliness of hat, weather conditions, type of electrode contacted
By using a popsicle, what problem is eliminated?
Cold flow problems of a stranded alum conductor in a copper clamp (such as a tank ground or hotline clamp)
To find KVA, you multiply voltage by amperage, and divide by 1000 (kilo).
Example: 13,200 x 60 amps divided by 1000 = 792 KVA
Bolted connections may be used when?
If the wires to be connected are not under tension.
What is the total opposition to the flow of current in a transformer called?
Impedance
What type of conductor grip is used to pull conductors through blocks or travelers?
Kellum
What does MOV stand for?
Metal Oxide Varistor
An ______ switch is a high voltage switch whose contacts open and close under oil.
Oil
______ is the principle cooling agent in most transformer tanks.
Oil
Some treatments for woods poles are as follows:
Pentachlorophenol, chromate copper arsenates, ammoniacal copper fatty acid (softens the wood, easier to climb), copper naphthenate treatment (environmental advantages).
Who developed the Unisag watch?
Phillip C. Evans
Two methods used to switch multiple lighting circuits, fed from different transformers, are _____ and _____.
Pilot wire, Cascading
What device can be installed on a pole to keep it erect, or from leaning (other than a guy)?
Pole key
Clean, dry _______ rope is an insulator, all other ropes are conductors.
Polypropylene
When the heat from an arc melts the silica sand in a current limiting fuse, the glass like substance produced is known as _____?
Fulgurite,
Voltage regulation is defined as the difference in voltage between periods of no load and periods of ______ load on the system.
Full
What is considered an intentional weak link in a circuit?
Fuse
The emission of light from a streetlight is controlled by ______.
Reflectors, refractors, or diffusing globes
Streetlights should be inspected on a ____ year cycle
Ten
Before installing grounds on a conductor it should first be _____.
Tested for voltage
Rock anchors properly installed will develop a holding power equal to _____.
The full strength of the anchor rod, the greater the strain, the more firmly it is wedged in the rock
When you begin CPR, where do you place your hands on the patient to give compressions (be specific). ___________________________________.
The heel of the hand just above the point on the chest (lower sternum) where the rib cage joins.
Compression tool type, self insulating, and bare connectors used for splicing stranded conductor range in sizes from ______to ______ for aluminum and ACSR and are normally used for secondary and services.
#10 -1/0
How many amps does a 120 volt, 60 watt incandescent bulb draw?
.5 amps
What are the five classes of rubber goods?
0 - 4
The power factor is usually ____ to ____ lagging.
0.70 to 1.00
Besides the number of high side bushings, what is the difference between a two bushing and a CSP transformer?
A lack of internal fusing inside the two bushing pot.
Secondary terminals on a transformer in order X3, X2, X1 from left to right is ____ polarity.
Additive (X3, X2, X1 L to R = additive polarity, X1, X2, X3 L to R = subtractive polarity)
What is the standard polarity of a 7200 volt transformer that is less than 200 KVA?
Additive, (Rule: above 9000 volts & less than 200KVA =Subtractive. Below 9000 volts & less than 200 KVA= Additive. Anything above 200 KVA can be either Add or Sub regardless of voltage)
Line conductors vibrate as a result of ______ vibration.
Aeolian, (vibrations range from 3-150Hz)
What does ACSR stand for?
Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced
An auxiliary device used with vapor lamps, on multiple circuits, to provide proper operating characteristics. It limits the current through the lamp and also may transform voltage.
Ballast
A ____ semiconductor can be used as a current rectifier.
Diode (P-type is called anode, N-type is called catnode)
EPR = ______
Ethylene Propylene Rubber
In a nuclear reactor the action of the atoms splitting is known as ______ and is controlled & maintained by the reactor.
Fission
When voltage is applied to a conductor the free electrons do what?
Flow in one direction
The unit of illumination produced on a surface, all points of which are 1ft distance from a uniform point source of 1 candle
Foot candle
Why are disconnect switches installed in series with circuit breakers?
In order to isolate the breaker for service
When talking about conductors sometimes code names are used.
Know that only "1 word" names are used, for example "chicken hawk" would not be a code name for wire because it is a "2 word" answer.
When noting AWG wire size, the larger the number, the smaller the wire. The reason for this is more steps are required to draw the wire down to a smaller size.
LCHB 14.5
The current usually ____ the voltage (leads or lags).
Lags (When the current leads the voltage, the power is no longer equal to P = V x I, but instead Power = V x I x Power Factor. When the lead or lag is zero (current & voltage in phase) the power factor is zero or unity).
The single phase transformer consists of a primary winding and secondary winding wound on a _______ ______ _______.
Laminated steel core
The _____ anchor is the oldest type of anchor used to counteract the unbalanced forces on electric transmission and distribution line structures. This type of anchor is commonly referred to as a "_________" because of the grave like dimensions of the excavation necessary for installation.
Log, dead man
Some things that can cause arcing and radio interference on distribution lines are _______, ______, _________, and _________.
Loose connections, defective insulators, inadequate conductor clearance, and contamination on insulators.
When using direct buried transformers, how many customers are usually connected to a single transformer?
One
Soft copper has a yield point less than _______ that of medium-hard copper.
One half or 50%
When doing chest compressions, the Coyne First aid booklet instructs you to _____________.
Press hard, press fast.
In a circuit voltage may be referred to as electrical ______?
Pressure
All distribution circuits greater than 600 volts up to 69,000 volts are often referred to as _______ by the lineman.
Primaries
The flux in the core of a transformer cuts both the ______&______ coils.
Primary and secondary
SDC stands for? ____ ______ ______
Self-Damping Conductor
Thury system was generators connected in _____ to transmit____ amps @ max voltage of ____ volts?
Series, 150 amps, 27,000 volts
______ counterbalance the side pull of the line conductors due to a branch line running perpendicular from a single phase primary line.
Side guys
An anchor with a horizontal strut at a height above the sidewalk to clear pedestrians on the sidewalk is referred to as a _______ guy.
Sidewalk
Circuit Breaker
Some high voltage circuit breakers utilize compressed air to operate and interrupt circuit flow when contacts open. Operation is initiated by utilizing DC circuits, manually operating a switch, by remote supervisory controls or by relays that auto sense predetermined electrical faults.
A ______ or overhead guy consists of a guy wire installed from the top of a pole to the top of an adjacent pole to remove the strain from the line conductors.
Span
What system is used to pull the pulling line, or bull rope, through the stringing blocks?
Spider system.
Tanks of submersible transformers are made of what two types of metal?
Stainless and mild steel
Protective grounds protect the line worker from what types of hazards?
Static charges, accidental energizing, induced voltage
Each time a cutout fails some of the fiber inside the cutout barrel is eroded away.
The larger the value of current interrupted, the more material that is consumed.
The difference in a 3 wire & 4wire distribution circuit is?
The neutral wire
A head guy runs from the top of a pole to a point below the ____ of the adjacent pole.
Top
Five types of tree trimming are:
Topping, Side trimming, Under trimming, Through trimming & Natural trimming.
A ____ can be used in a circuit to amplify a signal.
Transistor
Stringing blocks for pulling in wire may also be called ________.
Travelers
Lines with less than 5000 volts are generally covered with what different types of materials?
Triple braid weather proof cotton, Neoprene, Polyethylene
Alternating current flows more densely at the outer surface of a conductor.
True
The secondary neutral on a 3 phase 4w & a single phase 3w system should always be grounded.
True
Var (Q)
Unit of reactive power in an electric circuit
Voltampere (VA)
Unit of real & reactive power
Watt (W)
Unit of real power
When an alternating voltage and the current that causes it to flow rise & fall at the same time, the two are said to be "in phase" and the power factor is ____.
Unity P = V x I
What are the 3 tree growth forms?
Upright, Spreading, Horizontal
Overhead secondary mains are usually installed on ____ ____ and bolted to the pole.
Vertical racks
If a power transformer does not have auto tap changing underload equipment, it is usually necessary to install____ ____.
Voltage Regulators
When the voltage regulator is in the neutral or "zero" position for by-passing, what is the relationship of the input voltage to the output voltage?
Voltage is the same
The difference in voltage between periods of no load and periods of full load on any electrical system is referred to as_______.
Voltage regulation
What device measures the total amount of electric energy consumed over a period of time?
Watthour meter
Power factor = ? / ? x ?
Watts/Volts x Amps
What is the most commonly used & simplest tie to use?
Western Union
Alumoweld guy cable, seven-strand #8 has a minimum breaking strength of ____ & #5 has a breaking strength of _____.
#8 - 15,930 #5 - 27,030
A light should be located from ____ to ____ ft over the surface of a road less than 40 ft wide, and from ____ to ____ ft on roads more than 40 ft wide.
0-6 ft less than 40 ft, 6-12 ft over 40 ft
The power factor is usually between 0.70 - 1.00 lagging. What is the average value often taken in making calculations?
0.80
At least ____ jog-briefings shall be held each day.
1
Proper measurement for the D-ring size is the distance around the back of the body @ the point where the belt will be worn between the prominent points of the hip bones plus ____ in.
1
Larger pin insulators are threaded to fit what size inch pins ____?
1 3/8
Splices should not be installed ____ ft from a tie wire or armor rod.
1 ft. (12")
Voltages over ____volts are classified as experimental voltages.
1 million
A recloser can operate a predetermined number of times ____ to ____ and "locks out".
1 to 4
When using the plane test to check the sharpness of gaffs, the gaff should begin to hold within ___ inches.
1"
What are the component parts of a distribution system? ____, ____, ____,____, ____, ____, ____, ____.
1. Distribution substation, 2. Feeder circuits, 3. Switches, 4. Protective equipment, 5. Primary circuits, 6. Distribution transformers, 7. Secondaries, 8. Services
An aluminum wire must be _____ times as big as copper in a cross section to have the same conductivity.
1.66 (This means that alum is only 2/3 as conductive as copper)
1 circular mil is equal to _____ of an inch.
1/1000
Proper fit for climbing hooks requires the leg iron be ____ inches below the inside prominence of the knee joint.
1/2"
The system common neutral must be continuous over the entire length of the circuit and should be connected to deep earth ground rod at least every ____ mile of line.
1/4
Distribution facilities should be inspected at scheduled intervals not to exceed a period of ___ years.
10
Streetlights should be inspected on a _____ year schedule.
10
New treated wood poles should resist decay for ____ to ____ years depending on ambient soil conditions.
10 to 20
Steel wire is a poor conductor with ____ to ____ of the conductivity of copper.
10% - 15%
What is the rule often followed for determining the depth when setting straight line poles in soil?
10% of the pole length plus 2 ft. (minimum of 5ft.) Example 4o' + 2'= 6'
Hydraulic tools operate with a fluid pressure of ______ lb/in2?
10,000 lbs/in2,
Loose sandy - gravel - type soil weighs approx. ____ lbs. a sq. ft.
100
Hot line tools are factory tested at _____ volts per foot.
100,000 volts per foot
In general, the maximum safe operating temperatures for insulating materials like cotton, silk, cambric, tape, fabric, etc. is ____, or ____.
105 degrees C, 221 degrees F
When splicing distribution wires, how far should the line be laid out straight before splicing?
10ft.
The size hole for a standard crossarm through bolt is ____. This is for the 5/8" or 10/16" through bolt.
11/16"
The first crossarm gain is cut ___inches from the top of the pole, the succeeding gains are cut/spaced at ___, ___, & ____.
12", 24", 30", 36"
1 candle power = ____ lumens.
12.57 lumens
If (E = I x R), answer the following question. Given 126 volts & 10 ohms, how many amps would be present?
12.6
Span lengths for secondaries are limited to _____ ft without a lift pole, and should be ____ ft high over streets or alley ways.
125', 16'
The usual generation voltage of a generation station (power plant) is ____ to ____.
13,200 volts - 25,000 volts, also 24,000 volts
Transmission voltage is generally ______ to ______.
138,000 - 765,000 volts
Climbing hooks are made in adjustable or fixed lengths from ___ to ____ inches, by ½ increments.
14 to 20
True or False. A 100ft. telescoping steel pole can be pumped full of transit mix concrete and raised to its full height in ______ minutes.
15
What is the usual capacity in MW, of a combustion turbine generating station?
15 to 95 MW
Electronic reclosers can be inspected every _____ operations or _____ years.
150 ops or 2yrs.
The head of a hydraulic operated tool weighs approx. ______ lbs.
15lbs.
If the diameter of the pole to be set is 10" the diameter of the hole should be _________ to allow sufficient room for tamping.
16", 3" on each side of the pole
New York has not allowed overhead lines since what year?
1884
What OSHA standard does the electrical line work go by?
1910.269
The need for apprenticeship training was recognized in the ____.
1930's
The first hard hat to have impact resistance and electrical insulation rating was introduced to linemen in what year?
1952
The Occupational safety and Health Act of _______ and companies' safety rules require linemen to wear safety hats while performing physical work.
1970
In the process of right-of-way clearing, trees & brush should receive A basil spray treatment not less than ______ week/s before cutting to prevent regrowth.
2
Minimum trip current on a recloser is normally _____ times the normal load current rating of the recloser coil.
2
On a Lineman tool belt, there should be no loops for ____in. on either side of the center in the back.
2"
A prestressed-concrete 50 ft distribution pole has been found to deflect ____ ft before cracks appeared and _____ ft before failure.
2, 6
Strain carriers have two different weight ratings, one for light loads at _____ lbs. or heavy loads at ____lbs.
2,000, 10,000,
The standard taps available are on the primary winding of the transformer and are designed to provide variations in the number of windings turns in steps of ___% of the rated voltage.
2.5%
Wooden transmission poles are usually scheduled for inspection at ____ years and then ____ to ____ years after that with an average total life of _____ years.
20, 8-10, 45
The total flow of current from a generating plant may be as large as _____ amps.
20,000 amps
Open cutouts are designed for use on all distribution circuits up to _____amps.
200
Underground services to new homes are usually installed with 2/0 aluminum conductor or larger to provide a service capable of delivering how many amps?
200 amps
The air we breathe has ____ % oxygen, we use ____ % & exhale ____%.
21% initially, 5% used, 16% exhaled
Feeders generally operate from ____ to ____.
2400volts - 34,500 volts
After driving a ground rod you should check the resistance with an ohm meter. If the resistance is not below _____ ohms, one should be added on top or another rod should be driven beside the existing one.
25 ohms or less
What is the largest three phase padmount transformer in KVA size?
2500
The maximum use voltage for Class 3 gloves is ____ volts.
26,500 volts
Tensile strength of aluminum is ____lb/in2 (lbs. a sq. in.)
27,000lb/in2 (The strength of alum is only about ½ that of hard- drawn copper)
LCHB spec states staples on pole butt grounds should be placed ___ft. apart.
2ft
Ground rods should be driven _____ ft from the pole, and down until the top of the rod is_____ ft below the ground.
2ft, 2ft
he route of underground cable circuits should be walked for inspection by the Lineman on a ___ year cycle.
2yr.
When a bundle of 3 or 4 conductors is sagged, the top conductors are sagged first, and bottom conductors are sagged last. The tension in the bottom conductors should be about ______% less than those in the top conductors.
3
In order to test a pole, you should use a _____lb. hammer and a ___in. prod. You should hammer from ground level up to ___ft. on the pole.
3 lb, 5 in, and 6 ft
When field testing the insulation properties of an insulated boom for "Bare-Hand Methods", how long should the boom remain in contact with the energized conductor?
3 minutes,
Leather parts of climbing equipment should be cleaned approx. every ____.
3 months
DC cable insulation must be thick enough to provide a safety factor of ____ to ____.
3 to 5
When installing duct runs the slope should be no less than _____ in per 100 foot.
3"
For secondary lighting main circuits the max allowable voltage drop for a span is ____%, and for secondary power mains the drop is usually limited to _____%.
3%, 5%
Guy grip deadends (preformed wraps) may be removed and reapplied ____ times within _____ months after installation, if necessary, to retension the guys. Guy grip deadends removed after initial installation should not be reused.
3, 3
For your initial patient assessment (without moving the patient how long do you look, listen, and feel for normal breathing?
3-5 sec.
A demand of ____KW is assured for each customer.
3.5 KW
A three phase transmission system requires only ____ the total weight of conductor required for a single or two phase system.
3/4
Sling angles smaller than ____ % are not recommended, due to the weight of the object being lifted increases as the angle diminishes.
30
When practicing CPR you should give ____ compressions to every ____ breaths.
30 and 2
Initially hard hats had an insulating value of 20,000 volts. New Hats are manufactured to withstand ________ volts without failure.
30,000
The compression-to-ventilation ratio for CPR is _______.
30:2
Subtransmission substations generate at a range of ____ to ____ and are located close to ____.
34.5kv - 69kv, high load (urban) areas
When installing towers, usually the slope of the grade is not greater than?
3:1
Wind turbines with a capacity as large as ____MW are currently operating in the US.
4 MW
There should be a minimum of _____ inches of clearance between D-rings and tool pockets, also no wire hooks should be used on body belts.
4"
What is the amount of time that the human brain can go without oxygenated blood?
4-5 minutes
The lengths of sag sections are limited by deadends, angle structures, and terrain. What is the max length of a sag section?
4.5 miles (weather conditions including temp & wind velocity must be taken into consideration during this process. Also, dynamometers can be used to check line tension).
When splicing transmission conductors/wires, how far out should a conductor be laid in each direction before splicing?
40 ft from joining point, (Splice is filled w/zinc chromate to prevent oxidation).
DC transmission circuits are economical whenever overhead lines extend over ____ miles, or when UG circuits extend over ____ miles.
400 OH, 20 UG
An insulator made from synthetic material such as silica or fiberglass weighs what percentage of the insulators they replace?
5% - 10% (a single hi-lite insulator can replace 4 parallel strings of porcelain or glass suspension insulators)
A safety factor of ____ is recommended for manila rope, _____ for polypropylene rope and _____ for nylon & polyester.
5, 6, 9
With an incandescent lamp, it is necessary to heat the filament to about _____ degrees to produce full brilliance.
5,000
The cost of structure assembly of steel H-frame structures is estimated To be approximately _____ percent of the standard rigid-latticework steel towers.
50
Hydraulic oil circuit breakers "OCB's", should be inspected after ___ operations, or ____ years.
50 ops or 2yrs.
Distance limitations of lowband systems were on the order of ____ to ____ miles.
50 to 60
When erecting a tower, what percentage of the bolts must be in place before erecting the next section?
50%
How many feet should a splice be made from the suspension end point on a transmission line?
50ft. (Splices should not be made in spans crossing over RR, rivers, canal, or highways. Conductor sometimes laid on polyethylene sheets to keep splicing process clean).
For overhead line purposes, hard drawn copper is preferred on account of its greater strength. Soft drawn wires tensile strength is reduced from about _______ to _______ lbs/in2.
55,000, 35,000
If one transformer of a closed delta bank is removed during an outage to restore service, the remaining two can handle ____ % of the original capacity.
58%
Holes for poles to be set in angles, corners, or marshes should be ______ deeper than a standard hole, and if on a slope measured from the ______ point on the ground.
6 inches, lowest
The core losses of distribution transformers built with an amorphous core are approximately ____ percent less than the core losses of distribution transformers with a laminated steel core.
60
In transformers how much more efficient are amorphous metal cores than laminated steel cores?
60%
An electric rapid-transit car motor requires _____ volts to operate.
600
System voltages of ______volts or less are classified as low voltage or utilization voltages.
600 volts
What is the breaking strength of 5/16 utility grade guy wire?
6000lbs.
Transmission voltages are classified as voltages over ______.
69,000 volts
Vacuum reclosers require maintenance/testing every ___ years.
6yrs.
A coil having _____ number of turns and ______ feet or more long will provide satisfactory earth contact on a pole butt ground in a transmission structure.
7 or more turns and 13ft or longer
Cable lube reduces the friction between the cable and duct walls by as much as ____%.
70%
Enclosed cutouts are designed for circuits of ______volts and less.
7200
By changing a distribution system from delta to wye you will increase the load carrying capacity by ____%.
73%
In general, the bending radius "R" of the reverse curves in lead covered cables must be no less than ____ times the overall diameter of the cable.
8
The ground end of an anchor & guy assembly exposed to pedestrian traffic must be provided with a substantial and conspicuous marker not less than ______ ft. in length.
8'
At what percent of light output loss should the globe of a light be washed, and the bulb replaced?
80%
The luminaire refractor should be washed and the lamp replaced when the output has fallen to ____% of its initial value.
80%
When installing conduit each layer of soil should be compacted to ____ to ____ percent of its maximum density.
85 - 90%
The gaff angle as it comes from the manufacturer should be between ____ & _____degrees.
9 to 16 degrees
An implosive compression connector splice has a strength equal to ____% of the conductor's breaking strength.
95
Insulink splice colors:
#10 = brown, #6 = blue, #4 = orange, #2 = red, 1/0 = yellow, 4/0 = pink
All H-frame pole structures will have #____ bare copper ground wire installed & shall have 15ft. of #___ copper forming a spiral on the butt of the pole.
#4, #4
What size tie wire should be used to tie in conductors that are #4 and smaller, 1/0 to #4, larger than 1/0?
#6, #4, #2 (tie wire should be soft drawn)
What is the smallest size wire that should or could be used for a pole butt ground?
#6awg
The simplest arrangement of a circuit is a _____ circuit.
closed series
Approved grips for guy wire are also called "_____" and can be attached at any point on the wire without slipping.
come-alongs
The location of protective devices such as a PMR, are known as ________.
coordination points (These devices protect from overcurrent).
The voltage gradient determines:
corona loss, radio & TV interference, and audible noise level.
The housing of internally fired connectors is made of _______ ______ ________, & is tapered at the ends where the conductor enters.
high-tempered aluminum alloy
Lightning arrestors in a substation:
protect the sub from lightning strokes & surges from switching.
The advantage to manufactured anchors is:
that they are quicker, easier, and less expensive to install than anchors such as the "dead man".
When using armor rods:
the attachment of the conductor to the insulator should be in the middle of the armor rod.
All 90 degree corners in line construction are considered dead ends
they should be guyed the same as terminal (deadend) poles except that there will be two guys, one for the pull of the conductor in each direction.
A method used to determine the center of the crossarm bolt hole is:
to draw two diagonal lines across the gain. The intersection of these two lines would be the center of the bolt hole.
Aluminum compares to copper in the following manner. It is 2/3 as conductive as copper. Compared with a copper wire of the same physical size, alum wire has 60% of the conductivity, 45% of the tensile strength, and 33% of the weight.
Alum must be 1.66 times as large as copper to have the same conductivity. An alum wire with the same conductivity as copper will have 75% the strength & 55% the weight of copper. The tensile strength of alum is only about ½ that of hard-drawn copper.
When choosing the order of conductors when making connections, in which order should copper & alum be placed?
Aluminum over Copper
Energy
Amount of electric work consumed in an hour
____ reduces the tensile strength of wires.
Annealing
Switchgear for Underground electric distribution circuits should be inspected at least?
Annually
______ _______ spread an arc further and further apart until it breaks.
Arcing horns
What are two important questions to ask a victim if they appear to be choking?
Are you choking? Can I help?
A guy wire running from one side of a crossarm to the next pole is called an ____ ______.
Arm guy
Positive and negative charges of electricity _______ each other.
Attract
Climbing tools should be inspected ___________ , cleaned approx. every _______ , and dressed approx. every _________ .
Before each use, 3 months, 6 months
When tying knots, the part of the rope that is looped so that the ropes lie alongside each other is called what?
Bight
Transmission & Distribution line conductors must be joined with full tension splices if the conductors are under tension.
Bolted or squeeze on connections may be used where the line is slack (jumpers & deadends).
______ ropes are used for lifting & lowering pieces of heavy equipment, trees, fastening temporary guys, setting poles.
Bull
When installing new conductors the pulling rope is often referred to as the ______.
Bull rope
The short splice also called the "_____" splice is commonly used to butt two ropes together when they are not expected to pass through a block.
Butt
____ ____ provides high frequency voltages to be used for transmitting voice communication or telemetering signals on high voltage transmission circuits.
Carrier equipment
What are the maximum voltages these classes of gloves can be used on?
Class "0" 1,000 a/c 20,000 d/c Class "1" 7,500 a/c 40,000 d/c Class "2" 17,000 a/c 50,000 d/c Class "3" 26,500 a/c 60,000 d/c Class "4" 36,000 a/c 70,000 d/c
Power (P)
Combination of electric current & power
What device changes AC to DC?
Commutator, (the process is called commutation) (Additionally, Thyristors are used to convert AC to DC & DC to AC)
What does "CSP" stand for?
Completely self protected
A solid material fuse is filled with what substance?
Compressed Boric Acid
Converter stations _______A/C to D/C and ______D/C to A/C?
Convert (change) and Invert
Communication signals in the form of high-frequency voltages are transmitted to and through the transmission lines by what?
Coupling capacitors
XLPE = _______
Cross Linked Polyethylene
What does "CLF" stand for?
Current Limiting fuse, (used to protect expensive equipment, has a clearing time of less than ½ a cycle).
Lightening arrestors and fuses are installed to minimize ______.
Customer outages
P - type semiconductor - _____ number of electrons.
Deficient
____ originate in distribution substations and include the conductors and equipment necessary to distribute electricity to the customer.
Distribution Circuits
Substations located in the middle of a load center are referred to ______?
Distribution substation
How do you find the pull required to lift a given weight with a block & tackle?
Divide the weight by the number of ropes running from the mobile block.
A pure crystal of silicon has a high resistance to the flow of electric current. Silicon can be made conductive by adding other materials. This process is referred to as _______.
Doping
Lines crossing railroads should be reinforced with ____ & _____.
Double arms & Head guys
Pole fires can be extinguished with the use of a ____ _____ fire extinguisher designed for use on class ____ fires followed by the use of pressurized water. Caution should be used and the water kept clear of energized conductors.
Dry-chemical, C
What function does the Silica sand have in a current limiting fuse?
Due to the heat of the arc, the sand turns to glass and absorbs the heat/energy which causes the arc not to reach its crest (glass=insulator)
What instrument can be used to test the strain on a guy wire?
Dynamometer
The part of the atom that has a negative charge is the ______.
Electron
The basis understanding of electricity is called what?
Electron Theory
An ______ ______ when used for service entrance protection & coordination, the electric fuses provide a buffer to prevent in-plant problems on the customers system from affecting service on the utility company system.
Electronic Fuse
N - type semiconductor - _____ number of electrons.
Excess
Which two voltage types on transmission lines require a corona shield?
Extra & Ultra high voltages, (shields are at each point of conductor support).
An _______ splice is used when it is desired to have a permanent splice at the end of a rope such as a hand line.
Eye
Generally the pole supplier will mark the poles on the _____ side with a branding iron.
Face
The term roofing a pole refers to nailing a metal cap on top of the pole to help control rot.
False
To change the value of a secondary voltage, a no load tap changer on the transformer would be adjusted while the transformer is energized.
False
True or False, All gaseous conductive lamps have a positive-resistance characteristic.
False
True or False, Capacitors & transformers are nearly identical in their operation.
False
True or False, Disconnect switches or breaker isolation switches are designed to open fault current.
False
True or False, Large single phase motors have a much smaller drain on voltage at startup than do three phase motors.
False
True or False, The primary or high voltage side of a transformer (OH/UG) has a high electric pressure and the current is large. The secondary or low voltage side has a low pressure and the current is small.
False
True or False, The purpose of spacers on transmission lines is to keep conductors from wrapping together & to also reduce vibration.
False
True or False, a potential transformer is used where the load is anticipated to grow.
False
True or false, Cold flow is a term used to describe load encountered when you first energize a line.
False
True or False, A gain is a flat side of a pole.
False, a gain is the notch cut into a pole in which the crossarm is placed when mounted. It helps keep the arms aligned.
True or False, Washing insulators should start @ the top and work down.
False, bottom to top
True or False, Manholes are generally made of fiberglass?
False, concrete or brick
True or False. Arm guys are used when an equal number of large size conductors (larger than 4/0) are dead-ended on crossarms.
False, more wires on one side than the other
True or False, The top of your climbers should be approx. 4" below the inside prominence of the knee joint.
False, ½ " (Hooks are adjustable in ½ increments, 14 to 20 inches).
The anchor rods serve as a connecting link between the anchor & the _____.
Guy cable (wire)
The rated lamp life is the time required for _____ of the lamps to fail.
Half
______ are used for raising and lowering light material.
Hand lines
Voltages with frequencies which are multiples of the base frequency are referred to as ____________ ___________.
Harmonic voltages
A co-worker collapses and is unresponsive. You should tap the shoulder of the patient and ask "are you OK?". What is the very next action step you take?
Have someone call 911 & bring the AED.
In order to obtain soft or annealed copper wire, the hard drawn wire is ______.
Heated
What are the three loading districts when talking about wire?
Heavy, Medium, Light (PE falls in the medium group)
Voltages 69,000 to 230,000 are classified as ____ or ____ voltages.
High or Transmission
_____ are used to protect the electrical system from faults in such equipment as potential transformers or power transformers.
High voltage fuses
Once you administer the AED shock your next step is to __________.
Immediately resume CPR for 3 complete cycles.
An advantage of a Wye primary system over a Delta primary system is?
Increased power carrying capacity, better voltage regulation
Current lags voltage in ____devices, current leads voltage in ____ devices.
Inductive, capacitive
What does IPCEA stand for?
Insulated Power Cable Engineers Association
What is an atom called with no free electrons?
Insulator
Defective Insulators can cause visible corona and _______ ______ _______.
Interference voltage propagation
Compression sleeves are mfg. for transmission line ACSR conductors that contain a gripping unit that is ____ to the aluminum sleeve.
Internal
What is the purpose of increasing voltage?
It is easier to increase the voltage which lowers the current, than to decrease the resistance of the wire.
If the rotation of a three phase bank was changed, what effect would it have on the customer?
It would cause any three phase equipment to rotate in the opposite direction
A source of light.
Lamp
_______ law determines that any current that flows as a result of an induced voltage will flow in a direction to oppose the action that causes the voltage to be induced.
Lenz
A form of radiant energy.
Light
LED is the abbreviation for ________.
Light Emitting Diode
Good grounds are essential for the proper operation of _____ because they work on the basis of providing a low impedance path to ground.
Lightning arrestors
What are the 3 most important factors to consider when choosing a conductor?
Line voltage, mechanical strength, amount of power to be transmitted (other factors are length of line, power factor of the load, length of span).
A ground rod that penetrates perpetually moist earth will have a fairly ____ resistance.
Low
The most energy efficient transformer cores are constructed with ____ or ____.
Low loss cold rolled silicon strips, Amorphous steel alloy strips
The breaker in a substation is installed between the ____ & the ____.
Low voltage bus (distribution feeder voltage) & the distribution feeder circuit
Over current protection of the secondary leads in a CSP transformer is provided by?
Low voltage circuit breaker
Unit of luminous flux.
Lumen
Device to direct, control, or modify light.
Luminaries
Direct buried transformer tanks are constructed of what two materials?
Metal, or Polyester with a metallic liner
Overload indicators on CSP's uses a _______to give an indication of the winding temperature?
Metallic thermostat
Radiation is measured in ______?
Millirems
In order to operate the bypass switch on a voltage regulator the tap changer must be in the _____ position.
Neutral
A conductor should never be payed out from a ______ reel.
Non-rotating
1 KW is equal to about ____ hp.
One and 1/3 or 1.33 (a wattmeter is a combo of a ampmeter & a voltmeter)
After the initial assessment, you DO NOT sense normal breathing. What do you do next? ____________________ , and for how long? ____________
Open airway, perform head tilt-chin lift; no more than 10 sec.
Circuit Switcher
Operation of circuit switchers is initiated by manually operating switch, by a remote supervisory control, or by relays that automatically sense predetermined system or equipment conditions or electrical failure (faults).
The operating handle for a tap changer on a transformer is located where?
Outside of the tank or inside the tank above the oil level
The ______ knot is the simplest knot made and forms a part of many other knots.
Overhand
What is the formula for power?
P = V x I
To achieve greater single phase capacity, two single phase transformers may be connected how?
Parallel
The first electric lights were called electric arc lamps & the first place they were installed was ______.
Paris, France (Thomas Edison initiated the development of the incandescent lamp).
Voltage is determined by the _______ ________ between any two points in a circuit.
Potential difference
What is the purpose of a capacitor bank in a substation?
Power factor correction & voltage regulation
The part of the atom that has a positive charge is the _______.
Proton
Atoms are subdivided into smaller particles called ______, ______, & _______.
Protons, neutrons, electrons
Steel structures in a substation serve what purpose?
Provide support for insulators
Name one problem that a broken tie wire on an insulator can cause.
Radio interference
Power Factor (p.f.)
Ratio of real power to reactive power
What piece of equipment converts AC to DC?
Rectifier
A fuse link is generally made from one of the following: silver, tin, lead, copper or an alloy such as tin-lead. What causes it to melt or blow?
Resistance in the fuse itself, it's designed to hold a certain amount of current for a predetermined amount of time
Wire insulation is generally made of these 3 materials ____, ____, ____.
Rubber, Polyethylene, Polyvinylchloride
A _________ is used for pulling several spans of wire at a time.
Running line
What is another name for a top groove insulator?
Saddle- back
These two materials are commonly used to manufacture solid state devices?
Silicon and germanium
A "SCR" is a _____ ______ ______ which permits the arc less changing of taps in a voltage regulator, thus reducing maintenance.
Silicon controlled rectifier
Most sub-transmission circuits operating in the voltage range of 34.5 - 115kv are constructed on ________ wood pole/s structures.
Single
After a rope sling has been in service for _____ months, the loads should be decreased.
Six
The capacity of a condenser to hold a charge is proportional to the ____ of the plates and increases as the distance between the plates _______.
Size, decreases
Name the three types of roofs applied to poles
Slant, gable, and flat
When talking about power factor, when the lead or lag is large, the power factor is ____ and when lead or lag is zero, the power factor is ____.
Small, unity
The following are strengths for different types of knots and splices:
Straight rope - 100% Eye splice - 90% Short splice - 80% Timber or half hitch - 65% Bowline or Clove hitch - 60% Square knot or Sheet bend - 50% Overhand knot - 45%
What is the standard polarity of a 14.4 transformer that is less than 200 kva?
Subtractive
When using rope you should avoid excessive exposure to _______ and _______.
Sunlight, moisture
Large over-voltages that develop suddenly on electric transmission or distribution circuits are referred to as ________ or ________ .
Surges or transients
Automatic splice is used where one expects to have 15% of the rated breaking strength of the conductor.
Tension should be applied at all times or else the jaws may release & allow the conductor to drop out.
What is the process called where conductors are installed on towers/structures without the wire touching ground, other conductors and staying clear of vehicular traffic?
Tension stringing.
A guy used at the end of a pole line to counterbalance the pull of conductors is referred to as a ______ ______.
Terminal guy
The key component distinguishing a conventional transformer from a self-protected model is ____________________________ .
The lack of an internal fuse in the conventional
What condition normally limits the capacity of a transmission line?
Thermal conditions
On a gaff gauge the "TH" slot is for ____, and the "W" slots are for ____.
Thickness, Width
_________ designed and buried a transmission system using copper rods insulated with jute.
Thomas Edison
______ is a small diameter rope used to throw over other objects.
Throw line
A Swiss engineer named ____ developed a high voltage DC transmission system in ____.
Thury, 1899
Converter stations convert AC to DC & DC to AC using ____ ____ ____.
Thyristor Semiconductor Devices
True or False, A generator does not actually produce electricity, it merely produces an electrical pressure which causes electricity to flow.
True
True or False, Arrestors contain semiconductor blocks or discs that allow large currents to pass harmlessly to ground.
True
True or False, Conductors can be damaged due to aeolian vibration, sway oscillation, unbalanced loading, lightning discharges or short circuit conditions.
True
True or False, DC circuits have no lead or lag in current versus voltage.
True
True or False, Distribution transformers should be installed as close as possible to the center of the load it is feeding.
True
True or False, Grease on conductors can cause generation of corona.
True
True or False, Porcelain insulators are usually one piece for voltages below 23,000 v and two pieces for voltages from 23,000 to 46,000 volts.
True
True or False, Rubber gloves can be repaired and used if they successfully pass a re-test.
True
True or False, Steel poles can be used to establish a rigid structure in substations to eliminate the need for guys and anchors.
True
True or False, The lumen output of an electric lamp decreases with use.
True
True or False, Voltages of 1 million volts or more are classified as ultra-high voltages or experimental voltages.
True
True or False, When applying a splice on wire the wire should be straight for a distance of 10' ft.
True
True or False, When free electrons in a conductor give up their random movement and flow in one direction, it is called electric current or simply current.
True
True or False, potential transformers are required to provide accurate voltages for meters used for billing industrial customers or connecting utility companies.
True
True or False. If work is to be performed on a grounded guy assembly, electrical continuity must be maintained.
True
True or False. Single phase motor startup causes greater flicker effects, than three phase motors.
True
True or false, to calculate the circular mils of a wire one should multiply the diameter in thousands of an inch by itself. Example: No. 10 wire is 102 x 102 = 10,404.
True
Why is it necessary to insulate a guy?
When guys will be exposed to voltages over 300 volts, or when guys are on poles with unprotected conductors over 300 volts and the guy is not grounded.
On which side of the patient can you perform patient care (ventilations, and use of the AED)? ______________ .
You get to choose.
What kind of diode semi-conductor can be used as a voltage reference in an electric circuit?
Zener Diode
In transmission, it is sometimes necessary to first splice steel core, then splice the outer alum wires. When finished, the outer splice is filled with ____ ____ to prevent oxidation of the splice.
Zinc Chromate
The semiconductor blocks in a lightning arrestor are made using what type of metal?
Zinc Oxide Material
True or False, Motors operating off of three phase are much cheaper & more satisfactory than single or two phase motors.
True (A three phase trans. weighs 2/3 as much as a single phase of the same capacity).
True or False, Scratches on ground or neutral conductors will not cause problems if the strength of the wire is not impaired.
True.
It is necessary to heat the filament of an incandescent lamp to 5,000 degrees to produce full brilliance, because of this ______ metal is used because its melting point is ____ degrees.
Tungsten, 6,120
Conductors should be connected/clipped within ____ days of sagging.
Two
The route of UG cables should be walked by a lineman on a ____ year cycle.
Two
During CPR, do chest compressions circulate the same amount of blood as the heart does normally?
Under the best conditions only 1/3 of normal flow is accomplished
Before installing protective grounds, the conductor or equipment must be tested for the absence of voltage with______?
Voltmeter rated for the possible voltage involved