Intimate Relationships ALL

Which of the following conclusions about sex, gender, and intimacy is most accurate?

All of the above are accurate conclusions about sex, gender, and intimacy.

What is common to all of the marital therapies reviewed?

All provide explanations for the difficulties

Greta has four children in her day-care class. Which one is most likely to have adjustment problems?

Amy, living with both of her biological parents who argue a great deal

In the textbook the prescription they described for contentment was to

Appreciate your partner. Express your gratitude. Repeat.

Jennifer was pleasantly surprised with how things turned out on her date with Jose Manuel. Before the evening started, she was not sure she really liked him, but after watching a movie together ("Carrie") she was experiencing strong feelings for him. According to ___________, Jennifer may have misinterpreted the arousal experienced from the "scary" movie as physical attraction to Jose Manuel.

Berscheid & Walster's two factor theory of passionate love

Many partners do not view the aggression in their relationship as a significant problem. What is a potential explanation for this finding?

Couples perceive the aggression as a result of some other problem, such as poor communication.

Which model suggests that problematic behavior that destroys a couple begins after marriage?

Emergent Distress Model

The best sex depends on all of these EXCEPT

How objectively attractive the partner is.

Bertie is angry at his wife, Maddy, for talking with other men at a party, and she is sick and tired of his jealousy. What might a therapist using a systems perspective say in response to this situation?

Maddy, do you think that Bertie's jealousy might be triggered by his fears that you no longer find him attractive?

Which of the following is an example of an assumption according to a cognitive-behavioral perspective?

Mohinder thinks that men provide support by solving problems and giving advice, and that women provide support by listening and empathizing.

In the case of Mira and Abram, Abram expected Mira to drop off the hedge clippers at his mother's house. Mira didn't do so, and for Abram that was the source of the conflict. Mira's action was experienced by Abram as a(n):

REBUFF

Over time romantic loves tends to _________ in love marriages and ________ in arranged marriages.

decline, increase

Angela arrives home late from work. Her husband begins to wonder if she is having an affair. This is an example of:

an attribution.

Which of the following is NOT a behavioral maintenance mechanism?

derogation of tempting alternatives

Which type of therapy is likely to focus on helping to train spouses to treat each other in a manner that provides safety, security, and love?

emotionally focused couple therapy

Derrick accepted a job in another state. His wife, who is not employed outside the home, is not happy about moving but feels she doesn't have a choice. This is an example of

fate control

Direct strategies of power are used when

one is an expert or has more knowledge

Love is an example of which type of resource?

particularistic

According to the video lecture, what is the main rationale of integrative behavioral couples therapy? Relationships will improve if:

partners learn to accept or tolerate the negative aspects of each other and of the relationship.

Reward power is associated with the use of

positive reinforcement

Aggression that is reactive and used to control a specific dispute is called ________, whereas aggression that is proactive and used to control the partner is called ________.

situational couple violence; intimate terrorism

From an intraindividual perspective, the causes of aggression in intimate relationships:

stem from how partners in relationships differ in ways that might lead them to make different contributions to the aggression that occurs between them.

Dr. Roberts helps couples make explicit (known) the rules that guide their relationship behavior and establish new rules that are more flexible and adaptive. What model of couples therapy does she practice?

systems-oriented intervention

Which of the following factors have been found to influence the tendency of some women to stay in abusive relationships?

the woman's other options, they don't think they'll be better off they leave

According to the principle of least interest, the partner in a relationship least interested in continuing the relationship is referred as the ___________ partner.

weak-link

Adnan has had a tough day at work and his partner, Georges, listens to him complain, makes sure that Adnan eats a good meal, and gets to bed early. The next day, Adnan tells Georges that he wishes Georges was more supportive about his work problems. What is the most likely explanation for Adnan's comment to Georges?

Adnan views Georges' responses through an interpretive filter.

Which description below reflects an enhancement bias in a relationship?

Bob sees Beth in the best possible light

Caleb and Dianne participate in a study of stress and partner social support. Each day, over the course of a week, they report on how much stress they experienced and how much partner support they received. Which of the following is most likely to be a finding in this study based on what you learned on the video lecture on sexuality?

Dianne reports that her stressful days are met with increases in Caleb's support and criticism; Caleb's stressful days are met with increases in Dianne's support.

The Eastons had a rocky courtship. They broke up twice before getting engaged and married. There were a few differences that they didn't seem able to reconcile but they hoped marriage would provide them with some stability. Several months into marriage they found themselves fighting about the same things again and on the road to divorce. Their experience goes along with the

Enduring Dynamics Model

Which is an I-statement?

I feel overwhelmed and anxious when you talk so much.

Which of following factors makes the largest contribution to differences in estimates of sexual partners between heterosexual men and women?

Men and women define "sex" differently

When men and women are asked to rate how superficial or meaningful they found their same-sex interactions and opposite-sex interactions. Which of the following most accurately represents their responses?

Men rate their opposite-sex interactions as more meaningful than their same-sex interactions.

Which of these is a problem with display rules that dictate which emotions are appropriate in particular situations?

Microexpressions often give away momentary lapses in the control of our expressions.

Karen and Gorman have been married 10 years. Which of the following is most consistent with the material about sex and physical intimacy described in the video lecture?

Over time, both Karen and Gorman have felt more dissatisfied with their sexual relationship.

Which of the following statements is NOT one of the suggestions for maintaining a happy, long-lasting relationship?

Passion is a solid foundation for your relationship.

Samantha and Carmine, like many couples, have experienced declining satisfaction over the years. However, Samantha is quite adamant that their relationship is "the best it's ever been!" How is this possible?

Samantha has a memory bias.

Greg and Stacey have recently started dating. Who is LEAST likely to be accurate in predicting how long their relationship will last?

Stacey

One of the rules for the speaker in the Speaker-Listener Technique is to

Stop and let the listener paraphrase what you've just said

Which of the following is true about sex for the first time?

Teens with older partners are less likely to use condoms

What is true with regard to the social ecological model discussed in the video lecture?

The effects of proximal factors on a relationship are affected by distal factors.

Which of the following statements about the course of romantic love between partners over the life span is true?

The fantasy, novelty, and arousal decline in committed relationships, which relates to the decline of romantic love.

Which of the following is NOT consistent with sex differences in relationship awareness?

Though Fiona can easily remember detailed statistics about all the players on her favorite hockey team, she has trouble remembering the date of her wedding anniversary.

When researchers compare the percentage of time a speaker looks at a listener to the percentage of time he/she gazes at a speaker, it is known as

VDR - visual dominance ratio

Which of the following is FALSE regarding sex and physical intimacy in heterosexual relationships?

Women's desire for closeness does not decline much as time passes, but their desire for sex does decline.

Sarita is extremely close to her older sister, Magdalena, and spends hours talking on the phone to her about every aspect of her life, including her marriage. Sarita's husband is not quite as thrilled about Sarita's close relationship with her sister, because Magdalena does not think that he is good enough for Sarita and takes every opportunity to let him know it. In this situation, Sarita's relationship with her sister would be considered:

a resource for Sarita but not for her husband.

Which of the following is NOT a strategy or technique used in the original behavioral couples therapy?

acceptance training

Which of the following explains why higher power individuals are less likely to be influenced by their lower partners?

all of the above

Which of the following findings provide support for the speculation that a person's scent or odor may stimulate feelings of passion?

all of the above pheromones regulate sexual behavior in many nonhuman mammalian species; the human nasal cavity may contain a nonvestigial organ that, in nonhuman animals, contains pheromone receptors; infants are able to recognize their mothers on the basis of olfactory cues

Which of the following statements relating to gender differences and love is true?

all of these Men fall in love faster than women; Men are more likely to believe that love is enough for a relationship to work; Men are more likely to believe in love at first sight

Fighting that involves disagreements over whose explanation is correct is known as

attributional conflict

Joan and Mark do not fight very often. When they do have a conflict each states their side. They then seem to accept that they disagree and move on. Joan and Mark are best classified as

avoiders

Reward and coercive power are known as _________ of power.

basic sources

Alice tells her partner that she'll bake cookies while he mows the lawn. This is an example of

behavior control

Ostracizers often believe the ostracism was ________. The ostracized tend to feel _______.

beneficial; angry, frustrated, or hurt

Most couples who participate in couples' therapy are

better off afterwards

James and Elizabeth have been married 3 years. They generally get along fine, but when conflicts arise they are not able to resolve them well and resort to using negative conflict management strategies. Their most recent disagreement was particularly heated and ended with James slapping Elizabeth and Elizabeth grabbing and shoving James out of her way as she left the room. What best characterizes the dynamics of James and Elizabeth's latest disagreement?

bilateral aggression

The rates of change in the breadth and depth of self-disclosure in the early stages of relationship development indicate that

breadth increases faster than depth increases.

When people experience relational devaluation it seems to

cause more hurt and distress than outright rejection

According to the parental conflict model

children are better off going through a divorce if their homes are full of conflict

Of the following groups, who has sex the most?

cohabiting adults

The high subjective quality of sexual interactions among same-sex couples has been found to be related to:

communication regarding personal desire

Which of the following is most likely to be related to growth and prosperity in a relationship?

conflict, handled skillfully

________ can be defined as everything that affects a relationship outside of the couple and their interactions.

context

XYZ statements involve

describing behavior, context, and feelings.

After breaking up with his girlfriend Scott remarked "I guess she wasn't my true love. I should have known it from the beginning, it took us a while to really click and we had too many things standing in the way of our relationship." It is likely Scott is high in

destiny beliefs

Your friend Hugo recently met Jimena in his social psychology class and would like to ask her out on a date. Hugo spends a lot of time describing to you in great detail the latest interactions he has had with Jimena, trying to analyze whether she would be receptive to an overture. Which of the following best describes Hugo's behavior?

diagnosticity bias

People experience opposing motivations called

dialectics

What positive aspect of disclosure were we able to observe in the video that depicts a study in which two strangers meet for the first time and complete a series of tasks together?

disclosure leads to closeness in initial interactions.

Knowing she should be excited about her friend's engagement Jessica shows exaggerated excitement when she is told about it. This modification of Jessica's expression is likely due to a(n)

display rules

People who lie to others may begin to

distrust those they have lied to.

In forced choice questions, women report they would react more to the threat of ______ infidelity and men report they would react more to the threat of ______ infidelity.

emotional, sexual

According to the triangular theory, commitment without intimacy or passion is known as

empty love

The belief that good relationships are the result of hard work is an example of

growth belief

What is the cause of relationship distress from a cognitive-behavioral perspective?

inappropriate information processing of relationship events

Which type of therapy is likely to encourage participants to re-imagine their relationship histories in an effort to identify problematic patterns?

insight-oriented couple therapy

When both partners in a conflict achieve their original aspirations and goals, although they make concessions on exactly how their objectives are reached, they have achieved

integrative agreement

Which of the following couples therapy models focuses on having couples engage in empathic joining and tolerance building for resolving differences?

integrative behavioral

A limitation of the sociocultural perspective in explaining the causes of aggression in intimate relationships is that:

it cannot account for why only some relationships are marked by aggression, when most people are exposed to the same societal and cultural institutions.

Compared to securely attached individuals, insecurely attached individuals tend to experience

less intimacy, passion, and commitment in their relationships.

Stressor is to ________ as resource is to ________.

losing a job; satisfactory income

Responses to dissatisfaction in relationships can be classified in terms of two dimensions: active versus passive and positive versus negative. Which of the following exemplifies a passive, positive response?

loyalty

Older partners interact with

more positive emotion but with less intensity.

Bjorn perceives his partner's intentions in a conflict discussion very differently than they are perceived by outside observers. These differing perceptions can best be explained by:

motivated reasoning.

According to the intimacy process model:

motives, needs, goals, and fears affect how partners interpret one another's behaviors.

Which personality variable is most associated with jealousy?

neuroticism

MRI research investigating brain activation when individuals gaze at their intimate partners supports the view that ___________ play and important role in the experience of passion.

neurotransmitters

Which of the following is NOT an effect of stress (experienced outside the relationship) on the couple's interactions?

none of the above

When you see someone you are attracted to, which of the following neurotransmitters causes you to experience a pounding heart or sweaty palms?

norepinephrine

With regard to conflict, John Gottman advises men who want their marriages to work to:

not avoid it

The component of social perception that corresponds to different processes and factors that influence how we perceive our social worlds is the characteristic of the __________.

not context... perceiver?

According to the lecture, what is the most important aspect of disclosures shared between partners in a relationship?

not how partners respond to their partners' disclosures

What is the relationship between disclosure and liking?

people tend to disclose more to those who they are attracted to

The break up pattern most commonly found by Baxter in her study of college students was one labeled

persevering indirectness

According to the lecture, what neurotransmitter is known as the "molecule of love"?

phenylethylamine (PEA)

Which of the following factors does not contribute to contentment in relationships?

reassurance seeking

You are constantly amazed that your friend Parminder seems unaware of the negative behaviors of her boyfriend, Sam. You notice that Sam has a tendency to tease Parminder in a mean-spirited way in front of her friends. What might explain this phenomenon?

selective attention

Hearing rumors about her new roommate, Jamilla expects this roommate to be unfriendly and conceited. Because of this expectation Jamilla is not very warm or open. Several weeks later Jamilla finds that her roommate is unfriendly. This may be an example of

self-fulfilling prophecy

Adam believes that his marriage ended simply because he and his wife were poorly matched and experienced a lot of stress when he lost his job. He also believes that his new relationship is working so well because he has learned a lot and is working hard to build intimacy with his new partner. What information processing bias does this reflect?

self-serving bias

Mark knows his relationship with his partner will soon end. He is now talking with friends and family, telling them his side of the story, and garnering support. Mark is in the _______ of the dissolution of his relationship.

social phase

Talking to his professor in her office, Jeremy sits across the desk from her, about 5 feet away. Jeremy and his professor are interacting in the _________ of interpersonal distance.

social zone

When John reacts to his partner's complaints by "clamming up" and retreating from interaction, which form of miscommunication is he manifesting?

stonewalling

When Wendy wanted to go back to school and her husband Josh opposed it because it would take time away from their family Wendy and Josh went through a great deal of conflict. In the end they both changed their ideas and expectations for their life together and both made a renewed commitment to their marriage. What Wendy and Josh experienced is best described as a(n)

structural improvement

What form of impression management involves presenting oneself as inept or infirm?

supplication

Structural improvement, integrative agreements, compromise, and domination are associated with which stage of conflict?

termination

According to the social ecological theory discussed in the video lecture, which of the following elements is most distal in context for a couple living in Chicago?

the couple's cultural background and gender norms

Coming out of her health class Louise says to a friend "I know other people get those kinds of sexually transmitted diseases, but that won't ever happen to me." Assuming Louise engages in the same kinds of sexual behaviors as others, she is showing

the illusion of unique invulnerability

When betrayals occur,

the perpetrators of betrayal are more likely to see possible benefits of the betrayal.

Distal is to ________ as proximal is to ________.

the quality of the school system; household income

Children of divorce are less affected by divorce when

they continue to have meaningful contact with both parents

According to the lecture, what motivates us to self-disclose?

to obtain emotional relief, gain help and support from our partners, to reduce uncertainties through knowledge and understanding of our partners

Distress-maintaining attributions include all of the following EXCEPT

viewing positive behaviors as habitual

Evidence suggests that the most crucial determinant of being the demander in the demand/withdrawal conflict cycle is

wanting a goal that requires your partner's cooperation.

According to the empathy accuracy model, when should partners in intimate relationships be especially motivated to understand each other accurately?

when individuals suspect that what their partners are thinking will not be threatening to them

In different-sex relationships, who is more likely to initiate aggressive acts?

women

When it comes to describing intimacy, we can reasonably conclude that:

women are as likely to mention enjoyment as they are to mention expressing appreciation when describing intimacy.

Saying that women are often the gatekeepers for sex in relationships means that

women decide when and how often sex occurs

Are apologies helpful in forgiveness?

yes, expressions of shame and regret are helpful