Intro exam 3/FINAL

____ ___ is the deadliest form of skin cancer

malignant melanoma

What are the 3 main types of polyps for colorectal cancer?

-Adenomatous polyps -Hyperplastic and inflammatory -Sessile Serrated Polyps (SSP) and Traditional Serrated Adenomas (TSA)

More than______ _____ per year receive outpatient chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a combination of both

1 million patients

What are the 4 types of Nonseminomatous testicular Germ Cell Tumors (NTGCT)

Embryonal carcinoma Yolk sac carcinoma Choriocarcinoma Teratoma

After contact with a patient with intact skin, it is suggusted to wash your hands with soap and water. T/F

False

Alcohol based hand rub should be rubbed into the hands for 40-60 seconds. T/F

False

T/F For testicular cancer, diagnosis is determined by fine needle biopsy through the testicle.

False

Washing hands with soap and water cause less skin irritaion and dryness. T/F

False

You should always use alcohol based hand rub before eating. T/F

False

Colorectal Cancer is the most common ______ _______, but is associated with the best prognosis of all ______ _______

GI malignancies

Majority of testicular cancers are made up of ____________

Germ cells

1.Pneumonia/ surgical site infection 2.Gastrointestinal infection 3.UTI 4.Primary blood stream infections 5.Eye, ear, nose, throat, mouth infection 6.Lower respiratory tract infection 7.Skin and soft tissue infection 8.Cardiovascular system infection 9.Bone and joint infection are all ____ ____ ___

Healthcare Associated Infections (HAIs)

Despite advances in treatments, infections remain the major cause of mortality amongst cancer patients is

Healthcare Associated Infections (HAIs)

______- involves the reproduction of microorganisms in the human body

Infection

The most common type of lung cancer AMONGST NON-SMOKERS is

Large cell

What are the two types of stromal testicular cancer?

Leydig & Sertoli cell tumor

Cancer of the skin is the most common form of _______________

Malignancy in humans

Darker complected individuals have more ____, which gives them more protection from UV rays

Melanin

How often should you check your skin for cancer at home?

Monthly

What are the two main types of lung cancer

Non-small cell and small cell

Another name for small cell lung cancer is what?

Oat cell

Reasons for 2nd primary skin cancers are _____________

Other areas of the skin being exposed to same carcinogen & Having weakness in immune system

What is the prevention for testicular cancer

Self examinations

The most common type of lung cancer AMONGST SMOKERS is

Small cell

The most common cell type in oral cancer is ________________

Squamous cell carcinoma

what are the subtypes of Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)

Squamous cell carcinoma Large cell carcinoma Adenocarcinoma

What are the two main types of esophageal cancer

Squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma

_______ _____- a person with an infection but no observable symptoms

Subclinical Infection

T/F Smoking is a common cause of oral cancer

TRUE

_____ ______ is a malignancy that occurs in the testes within the scrotum

Testicular cancer

Seminoma, Stromal tumors and Nonseminomatous germ cell tumors are the two types of

Testicular cancer germ cell tumors

Alcohol based skin rub is more effective for most routine pateint care than hand washing. T/F

True

Handwashing should be used to clean hands that are visibly dirty or soiled. T/F

True

The gold standard based on cost, effectiveness, and efficiency is to use alcohol based hand sanitizer, except in certain situations. T/F

True

When washing your hands with soap and water you should rub your hands together vigourously for 40-60 seconds. T/F

True

You should always wash your hands with soap and water after using the restroom. T/F

True

You should wash your hands with soap and water after every 10-15 applications of hand sanitizer. T/F

True

Rectal bleeding Change in bowel dark-colored stool vomiting Unintended weight loss these are what and are associated with what type of cancer?

Typical signs/symptoms of colorectal cancer

Wheezing blood in sputum fatigue loss of appetite swelling in face/veins chest pain these are what and are associated with what type of cancer?

Typical signs/symptoms of lung cancer

What is the esophagus?

a hollow, muscular tube that connects the throat to the stomach

Prior skin cancer occurrence increases the chance that what may happen?

a second primary skin cancer will occur

When screening for oral cancer, what should you look for?

any abnormalities, color changes, lumps/bumps, cists

Self-breast exams/screenings should happen when each month?

around the same time

What is the most common type of skin cancer?

basal cell skin cancer

Stromal testicular cancer is usually _________

benign

The gold star in the detection of colorectal cancer is ____________

colonoscopy

Barrett's esophagus is when Normal squamous cells in the lower esophagus transform into __________

columnar epithelium cells

Individuals with fair skin complexions are more likely to develop skin cancer than those with ______________

darker skin

Due to the pap smear, cervical cancer deaths ______

decreased

The cause of Colorectal Cancer has been largely attributed to ____ but can also involve other risk factors

diet

why is it important for breast exams to take place around the same time each month?

due to menstrual cycle (period)

people who live closer to the ____ have a high chance of developing skin cancer

equator

Dysphagia, weight loss, odynophagia, pressure/ burning are all symptoms of what type of cancer?

esophageal

Esophagoscopy, Brush cytology, biopsy, balloon cytology, chromoendoscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy are all screening techniques of what type of cancer?

esophageal

Smoking, alcohol use, obesity, lack of exercise, GERD, Barretts esophagus malnourishment, diet lacking fruits and veggies or high in nitrates, tylosis and achalasia are all risk factors of what type of cancer?

esophageal

Prevntion of esophageal cancer includes,

exercise chemoprevention with NASAID avoiding Tabaco and alcohol use

What is the main cause of skin cancer?

exposure to UV light

Incidence of skin cancer is ________________

higher than all other cancers combined

Cancer patients are ________ both during and after their treatment

immunocompromised

Esophageal adenocarcinoma is cancer that originates where?

in glandular cells

Esophageal adenocarcinoma is often found where?

in the lower third of the esophagus

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is most common where?

in the neck region and upper two-thirds of chest cavity

Self-breast exams/screenings should take place around the same time each ________

month

infections acquired in a hospotal setting are termed ________ __________

nosocomial infections

Tongue, tonsils, oropharynx, gums and floor of mouth are the most common locations for what type of cancer?

oral

Most colorectal cancers start as growths on the inner lining of the colon or rectum. These growths are called _________

polyps

Watch and wait is a viable treatment option for what type of cancer patient(s)?

prostate

95% of testicular malignancies are germ cell tumors, or growths from

reproductive cells

Age, race, Undescended testicle, abnormal tesicle development, and family history are all examples of what?

risk factors (of testicular cancer)

Esophagoscopy, Brush cytology, biopsy, balloon cytology, chromoendoscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy are all examples of what?

screening techniques (for esophageal cancer)

•A lump or enlargement in either testicle •A feeling of heaviness in the scrotum •A dull ache in the abdomen or groin •A sudden collection of fluid in the scrotum •Pain or discomfort in a testicle or the scrotum •Enlargement or tenderness of the breasts •Back pain Are all examples of what?

signs of testicular cancer

What are the main subtypes of Small cell lung cancer (SCLC)

small cell carcinoma & combined small cell carcinoma

Risk factors of lung cancer include

smoking Exposure to radon HIV infection Arsenic in drinking water family history air pollution

What are the main causes of oral cancer?

smoking, alcohol, chewing tobaccos, UV, viruses, diet, poor oral hygiene, genetics

what is the Dose limiting structure for treatment of esophageal cancer?

spinal cord

Detection = the use of examinations and tests intended to find the disease as early as possible before it has _______

spread

Age, race, Undescended testicle, abnormal tesicle development, and family history are all risk factors of what type of cancer?

testicular

Ultrasound, blood tests, imaging, and biopsies are used to diagnose what cancer?

testicular

•A lump or enlargement in either testicle •A feeling of heaviness in the scrotum •A dull ache in the abdomen or groin •A sudden collection of fluid in the scrotum •Pain or discomfort in a testicle or the scrotum •Enlargement or tenderness of the breasts •Back pain Are all signs of what cancer?

testicular

Cervical cancer deaths greatly decreased after what?

the pap smear was implemented

What age is most commonly diagnosed with testicular cancer?

21

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma makes up less than _____% of esophageal cancers

30

Yearly screening for breast cancer should start at the age of

40

at what age do people usually begin to get colonoscopies?

50

Most skin cancer appear after how long?

50 years

Esophageal adenocarcinoma makes up approximately ____% of esophageal cancer

80

Oral caner comprise ____% of head and neck cancers

85%

When evaluating skin changes, what acronym is used to help remember

ABC's

_______: most common type of colon and rectal cancer; makes up 95%

Adenocarcinoma

What are the risk factors of breast cancer?

Age, gender, ethnicity, smoking, drinking, pregnancy, genetics, overweight

What are the risk factors of colorectal cancer?

Age, genetics, family history, diet, obesity, smoking/ alcohol use, diabetes. decreased physical activity

ALL HAI's ( Healthcare associated infections) are tracked by the

CDC

_____- a person who has an infection that has colonized but not ill

Carrier

What are the two types of seminoma testicular cancers

Classic seminoma & Spermatocytic seminoma

_____- reproduction of an infectious microorganism

Colonization

______- presence of microorganisms on the body or an inanimate object

Contamination

______- the collective term used to describe related clinical signs and symptoms associated with an infectious agent

Disease