Intro Rock and Blue Final

Describe "race music"

"Race music" is defined as music that was played by black people and was meant for only black people to listen to it.

The San Francisco/Haight-Ashbury Hippies shared had similar values that the Beats held. Name 2 of these philosophies or desired freedoms:

1. They felt as if capitalism and communism were just fake labels and that they were corrupt. 2. They were both in support of the use of birth control and the freedoms you have with your body.

While San Francisco's Haight-Ashbury District was experiencing the "summer of love" in _______ (name the year), Detroit and many other cities large and small were experiencing race riots and civil unrest that devastated many of these cities.

1967

Many of the great Rock and Roll stars of the ______ (what decade?) like Chuck Berry, Little Richard, Jerry Lee Lewis, Buddy Holly and others had fallen out of the public spotlight by the early 1960's for reasons ranging from legal problems to fatal accidents.

50s

The Payola scandal in music and television ruined the career of DJ and promoter Alan Freed and caused many television stations and figures like Dick Clark to change the way they ran their businesses. Explain what the term "Payola" means in the music industry:

A Payola is defined as an undercover payment that is meant to promote a certain recording or song.

Of Dick Clark's many enterprises (game shows, music promotion, music variety shows, etc.) he is often most remembered for the integration teens and of the integration of music on a national dance and music show called ____________ _____________, which he hosted for 37 years.

American Bandstand

_________ __________ was one of the first Soul artists to appeal to both white and black audiences equally and achieved huge success, internationally.

Aretha Franklin

With $800 of borrowed money the songwriter and producer _____________ ______________ bought a house in Detroit, Michigan and started Motown records where he established offices, a home for himself and a recording studio.

Berry Gordy

The _______ ______ movement celebrated the rights, food, fashion, music (especially Soul music), literature and art of African-American culture.

Black Arts

_______________ Records in Chicago and _____________ Records in Los Angeles was a company that discovered many Electric Blues artists like Muddy Waters and B.B. King and even early pre-rock and roll artists like Bo Diddley.

Chess, Modern

The stage antics and performance style of Bluesman _____________________ (name an early, charismatic Blues singer) was influential on early Rock and Roll performers.

Chester "Howlin' Wolf" Burnett

Many 70's bands like Yes, Jethro Tull, Genesis and Emerson, Lake and Palmer fused elements of ____________ music with Rock to produce a style called Progressive Rock.

Classical

In the 1950's the big, corporate record companies released "vanilla" records of songs by African-American artists but had white artists "cover" these songs. Why?

Corporate record companies did this in large part because it made the songs more popular making it so that they could make more money off of them. More people would listen to white radio because of the larger population of white people compared to black people. What most of the white artists did was change some of the lyrics, but not by much. The record companies made more money when they bought the rights to a song and played it on white radio

An early style of Rock and Roll was Rockabilly, which blended some Blues, ____________ and a little Gospel together into a high-energy sound and style.

Country

In the early 1970's artists like Bob Dylan, The Band, Linda Rondstadt, The Eagles and Jackson Browne were playing a style of popular music that combined Country, bluegrass and Rock and Roll to create ____________ Rock.

Country

The songwriter, guitarist and keyboardist (and sometime actor) ___________ ____________ cultivated an androgynous, bi-sexual persona especially with the release of his album The Rise and Fall of Ziggy Stardust.

David Bowie

The guitar eventually replaced the _________ as the main instrument in Blues music.

Diddley - bow

The earliest Surf Rock came from California and its lyrics reflected the hedonism California has long been famous for. For instance, songs about leisure (wasteful?) activities like "picking up" girls, surfing, and ________ racing were common.

Drag

Besides surfing, what other activity was popular with young people in California and inspired many songs by Surf Rock bands? Drag Racing

Drag Racing

Bob Dylan's lyrics were so controversial, politically, that CBS's censors banned him from singing his chosen song on the nationally syndicated ______________________ Show so he refused to perform on the show.

Ed Sullivan

As his career progressed and he matured, the controversy surrounding Elvis and his music died down and he became a more "acceptable" entertainer by the late 1960's. How was his life and career before his death in 1977 at the age of 42?

Even though he was one of the greatest icons of all time, he was a very miserable young man. He was isolated most of the time and that led to depression. To cope with his depression, he started taking drugs which he ended up overdosing and that led to his untimely death.

The Skiffel craze was a music phenomenon after World War II in the U.K. which required a great deal of skill to play and required very expensive, well-crafted instruments. True or False (circle one)

False

The band Cream (with guitarist Eric Clapton) used technology championed by Hendrix which helped them play their version of British Blues at an incredibly quiet volume. True or False (circle one)

False

Unfortunately, the Rolling Stones never wrote their own music. True or False (circle one)

False

In the early 1950's California experienced a population increase through migration from other states. This increase was due to several factors that made it attractive to these migrants. Give 3 answers below about some of the reasons for this migration.

First, the economy was a big attraction to these migrants due to the average income and how wide open the job market was. Second, the amount of resources that California had was astounding which some of this included the lumber, oil, and many minerals. Lastly, the climate of California was beautiful more times than not and this brought a lot of happiness to migrants. Lots of agricutural jobs as well.

The _____________ Riders bussed in from northern states to the south to protest. These people and others who engaged in "Sit-ins" employed non-violent protest tactics and included many college students.

Freedom

The British Blues bands influenced a new generation of young Americans to want to form their own home-made bands who played in a rough style called __________ Rock.

Garage

In true hippie style, The ___________ Dead and The _____________ Airplane gave many free concerts in San Francisco.

Grateful, Jefferson

Early Surf Rock from bands like Dick Dale and the Deltones and The Ventures had a unique twang in the timbre to their ________ sound largely due to Dale's work with electronic instrument maker and amplifier designer Leo Fender, whose brand is still used today by musicians.

Guitar

Rockabilly music mixed elements of music enjoyed by both African-American and white audiences alike and Decca Records, like Sun Records, was interested in signing Rockabilly artists like Bill ________ and the Comets and Buddy ______ to keep up with the new popular music styles.

Haley, Holly

Many of the 70's bands like Blood, Sweat and Tears and Chicago had small horn sections in their bands which were played by experienced __________ musicians as opposed to bands that had only experienced Rock musicians in them.

Jazz

Jimi Hendrix was not only a successful songwriter, singer and one of the greatest guitarists in Rock but he also helped advance the technology involved with music performance. How and why did he do that? Please use 2 complete sentences.

Jimi Hendrix worked with engineers such as Roger Mayer to create a better sound on stage. This led to the creation of the Octavia, which produced a sound an octave higher than the notes. He did this so that he could experiment with sound patterns in his songs.

The band ________ took the glitter rock phase of music to extremes with their very heavy make-up that depicted characters like cats and costumes that made them look like comic book superheroes.

KISS

Music publishers like the ones in the famous Brill Building of New York had lots of songwriters who wrote hits for up and coming performers but producers like Don ____________ were creating a new business model for the music publishing and songwriting industry.

Kirshner

____________________ flamboyant performance style and songs like "Long Tall Sally" and "Good Golly Miss Molly" were influential in early Rock and Roll.

Little Richard's

n the early 1960's congress passed many civil rights laws and laws to help educate, house and feed the poorer citizens of the U.S. thanks to the support of then president _____________ ______________ who was a great advocate of citizens in need of help.

Lyndon B. Johnson

After the 1920's Blues singers (or Blues "shouters") became popular for a time including female Blues singers like _________________ (name any female Blues singer of this time period) who combined early Blues style with other performing arts like vaudeville.

Mamie Smith

Motown started the careers of many successful girl groups. Name one of them:

Martha and the Vandellas

The 1970's became known as the "_______" Decade because people's attention turned from political protest and social issues (like Civil Rights) to self-fulfillment and consumerism. Some of this change in attitude happened thanks to the end of the U.S. participation in the Vietnam War in 1973, the end of the mandatory draft of young men into the military in 1975 and the fact that _______ - ____________ were getting older and started changing their focus from protest to becoming workers and consumers.

Me, Baby - Boomers

The great Jazz trumpet player and composer_________ __________ provided the framework for the Jazz-Rock Fusion of the 1970's and was greatly influenced by and had influence upon Jimi Hendrix.

Miles Davis

Ray Charles (who came to be known as 'Genius of Soul') had his first hit records as an ______ & _____ style musician (name an earlier style of music covered in this class).

R&B

What now famous music magazine was established in the San Francisco area in 1967?

Rolling Stones magazine

In the 1970's artists like Stevie Wonder and producer/songwriter duo Gamble and Huff were putting out a new, silky type of _____ music.

Soul

The Motown philosophy and formula for success was to have their artists help integrate white and black music, fashion and society - so white audiences would be more accepting of black culture. The philosophy behind Soul was different. Please use more than 1 (complete) sentence to describe this difference.

Soul music was very soothing and that appealed the white Americans to this genre of music. Motown was designed to appeal to black and white audiences. Soul was about celebrating black culture.

Johnny Cash's music had a little more country in its style than the music of Elvis or Jerry Lee Lewis and the low register of his deep voice gave him a unique sound compared to the other ______ Records artists that legendary producer Sam Phillips discovered.

Sun

The Great Migration refers to the relocation of more than 6 million African Americans from the rural South to the cities of the North starting around World War I. What were some of the reasons for this migration and how did it help spread the Blues from the southern states to the northern states and beyond? Please use 2 complete sentences.

The Great Migration happened because many African-Americans were disgusted with sharecropping and discrimination, so they decided to move to northern cities for better lives. It helped spread the Blues from the southern states to the northern states due to the African-American population expanding in the North that led to black people evolving the Blues style of music altogether. This expansion led to the Blues being very popular style of music.

5. What American television rock/pop group was formed by producer and music publisher Don Kirshner as the American answer to the Beatles?

The Monkees

What late Beat generation, art-inspired band was supported by artist Andy Warhol?

The Velvet Underground

The first Rock Opera was composed by what band?

The Who

Why was there such a racist backlash against early Rock and Roll and Blues - what kinds of fears were raised about this music?

The kind of fear that was raised because of Rock and Roll music was the integration of white and black youths mixing together. Rock and Roll was so popular to the teen culture at this time and it was way to relate between different races. Many white parents feared this and that is why there was so much racist backlash including the many racial slurs that were said to African-Americans.

Besides music publishers, songwriters, recording engineers, press agents, tour agents and booking agents, Motown had something like a "finishing school" for its artists that functioned with the other elements of the company like an auto assembly line. Describe that process and why it was necessary below. Please use more than 1 sentence and use complete sentences.

The main purpose of this school for the artist was for them to be appealing to both the African-American and white community. These artists would be educated on dance, musical direction, and also how to promote themselves to different audiences.

Initially, how did the music industry react to Rock and Roll?

The music industry did not like the way how things were changing into the era of Rock and Roll. This is due to the fact that many singers like Frank Sinatra and Perry Como were losing popularity quickly. This led to ASCAP filing a $150 lawsuit against three major broadcasting networks that supported the genre of Rock and Roll.

What did the Stones' manager do to distinguish them in the media from the Beatles?

Their manager gave them a raunchy look as well as gave them the attitude about not caring. Their look was dysfunctional as well as unclean and that made them unpredictable. The Beatles were clean-cut so their manager wanted to take a different path to success. In fact their manager said "I wanted to establish that the Stones were threatening, uncouth and animalistic."

Post World War II England had a "baby boom" like the U.S. did. Those baby-boom children grew to be teenagers in the early 1960's who generally identified with one of 2 social groups: the Mods or the Rockers. These groups often clashed and rioted. What was going on in England economically that made these youths so angry?

There was an economic depression going on as well as the unemployment rate was skyrocketing up.

Although public schools and radio stations' playlists were still segregated in the early 1950's, the supreme court case Brown vs the Board of Education created a situation where many white school students were exposed to African-American students and the music they knew. What was this court case about and how did it change U.S. history?

This court case was about how the African-American community was trying to desegregate schools in America. This case was based in Topeka, Kansas where it went all the way to the Supreme Court which ruled that segregation was unconstitutional according to the 14th amendment.

Elvis' stage act and his performance style upset many parents in the 1950's. Why?

Though Elvis was white, he integrated black rhythm and blues music in his style and used similar stage routines that African-American performers used. Obviously during this time, parents did not want their kids being associated with the African-American population. His movements on stage were considered sexual

African-American Spirituals/religious music was the basis for the earliest Blues. True or False (Circle one)

True

Although the early hippie movement often supported recreational use of drugs for experimentation and for expanding their consciousness, many people over-indulged in drugs like acid/LSD and did permanent damage to themselves. True or False (circle one)

True

Bands like Canned Heat from Los Angeles and the Allman Brothers from Florida were playing a brand of Blues that appealed more to the militant youth of America more than Folk or Acid Rock. True or False (circle one)

True

Chuck Berry's early hits with Chess Records like "Maybelline" and "Rock and Roll Music" attracted a teen market to early Rock and Roll. True or False (Circle one)

True

Doo-wop groups were mostly composed of African-American males who sang vocal melodies with back-up vocalists singing harmony in a manner that made them sound a little like instruments rather than like typical background singers. True or False (circle one).

True

Due to a ban from the British musician's union on American musicians playing in the U.K., British people didn't get the opportunity to hear many of America's greatest R & B and Blues artists until the ban was lifted in the 1950's. True or False (circle one)

True

Joan Baez did not write her own songs but was still influential in both Social Activism and Folk music. True or False (circle one).

True

Many Progressive Rock bands had album themes and lyrics that incorporated fantasy and mythology. True or False (circle one)

True

Many early Rockabilly artists like Elvis, Johnny Cash, Jerry Lee Lewis and Carl Perkins had grown up in extreme poverty in the south where church was one of the only places they could learn about music. True or False (circle one)

True

Many of the 70's singer-songwriters like James Taylor, Carole King, Carly Simon, Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young and Joni Mitchell wrote reflective songs about personal subjects like love and relationships and less music like the political messages and protest songs of the late 60's. True or False (circle one)

True

Much Acid Rock or psychedelic rock music has roots in Folk music, especially the music of Bob Dylan. True or False (circle one)

True

Queen's lead singer Freddie Mercury included theatrical elements into his fashion and his outstanding performances. True or False (circle one).

True

Since segregation made it difficult for African-Americans to go to hear Blues artists live (only admitted white patrons) they were the primary buyers of Blues records. True or False (Circle one)

True

The British band Pink Floyd began their career as an R & B band. True or False (circle one)

True

The civil rights of Gay and Lesbian citizens were also beginning to be recognized in the mid to late 1970's. True or False (Circle one)

True

The folk revival of the 1950's featured less controversial subjects that either the early 20th century folk or the 1960's folk. True or False (Circle one)

True

In the late 1960's many college students participated in protests against the military draft that existed at the time and against U.S. involvement in the ___________ war.

Vietnam

The sound of later surf bands evolved with groups like Jan and Dean and later the Beach Boys in that they had more ______________ and ______________ (Circle one). a. High register lead vocals and vocal harmony b. Guitars and Percussion c. Lyrics and melody

a. High register lead vocals and vocal harmony

Like so many other British youths, the Rolling Stones were big fans of these American musicians and the Stones' first ___________ featured mostly covers of songs by artists like Buddy Holly and Willie Dixon and no original songs.

album

As was the case with Elvis, the U.K. and the U.S. marketplace was inundated with all kinds of Beatles-related ... (circle one that best fits) a. Hair styles b. Merchandise c. Commercials

b. Merchandise

Elvis' manager pioneered new marketing techniques in the music industry which included television appearances and later films and the creation of lots of _____________________featuring Elvis' image - for which his manager received a large share of the profits! (circle the answer that fits best) a. Album covers b. Merchandise c. Posters

b. Merchandise

Although Elton John's music ranges from ballads to hard rock, his stage shows reflected the excesses of the 1970's with his wild antics and his: a. Use of dancers in his live shows. b. Outlandish costumes and wild glasses. c. Inclusion of live animals in the show.

b. Outlandish costumes and wild glasses.

Which of the following are NOT Soul or R & B musicians (circle the non-Soul/R & B artist): a. Otis Redding b. Wilson Pickett c. Bix Beiderbecke d. Sam and Dave

c. Bix Beiderbecke

Led Zeppelin was fortunate to have 4 fine musicians in the band including guitarist extraordinaire Jimmy Page who said that he wanted the band to be a marriage of: a. Blues and acoustic music b. Acoustic music and Hard Rock c. Blues, Hard Rock and acoustic music

c. Blues, Hard Rock and acoustic music

The Beats favored 2 styles of Jazz that were popular at the time. What were they? a. Swing and Ragtime (represented by artists like Benny Goodman and Scott Joplin) b. Fusion and Latin (represented by artists like Chick Corea and Carlos Jobim) c. Cool and Bebop (represented by artists like (Charlie Parker and Miles Davis)

c. Cool and Bebop (represented by artists like (Charlie Parker and Miles Davis)

In creating the kinds of groove that became Funk, James Brown's music had simple, repetitious ___________________ , but had very complex ____________________ patterns. Brown said: "I changed the upbeat to the downbeat" a. Dance steps ... hairstyles b. Merchandise ... clothing c. Harmony ... rhythmic

c. Harmony ... rhythmic

Elvis Presley started on Sun Records label but left to sign with a bigger company on the advice of his new manager (Colonel Tom Parker) who was much more interested in the ____________of music Elvis recorded, rather than the _____________of the music he recorded (circle one). a. Rhythm...melody b. Feeling...intellect c. Quantity...quality

c. Quantity...quality

Dylan's turn from protest to personal songs may have been caused by his disillusionment over which events (circle what applies best): a. The industrialization of agriculture. b. The failure of the Civil Rights movement. c. The assassination of social and political leaders of the time, most notably President John F. Kennedy.

c. The assassination of social and political leaders of the time, most notably President John F. Kennedy.

Singer-activists of the 1960's were more concerned with ________ rights of American citizens and with the ____________ war, about which the political activist Phil Ochs sang.

civil, Vietnam

An artistic/social and philosophic movement who called themselves The Beats gained attention in the late 1950's/early 60's in the U.S.. People who identified with The Beats: a. Included writers like Jack Keroac (author of On The Road) and poets like Allen Ginsberg (author of Howl) who were considered "countercultural literati". b. Primarily flourished in San Francisco and New York's Greenwich Village. c. Were not interested in a socially conservative/career-oriented/traditional marriage middle-class kind of life. d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Circle any musical elements listed below that were part of music of African-American slaves' music: a. Rhythmic syncopation and polyrhythm b. Pentatonic scales c. Call and Response vocals d. Aspect of European music like 12 bar form and common harmonic progressions e. All of the above

d. All of the above

Girl groups like The Ronettes and The Crystals were talented (mostly African-American) vocal groups who benefitted from the following (circle all that apply): a. Songwriters like Carole King and Neil Sedaka. b. Great producers like Phil Spector (and his "wall of sound" production style). c. Music industry leaders like Don Kirshner who promoted his African-American and white artists equally. d. All of the above

d. All of the above

What growing California industries grew to international proportions by the early 60's and required more skilled workers? a. Film and television industry b. Aerospace Industry c. Motorola d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Much of the music featured on Dick Clark's early television shows promoted the newest and latest __________ like Chubby Checker's "Do the Twist" as well as the Pogo, the Limbo and the Fly.

dances

The U.S. economy was booming after World War II: our Gross National Product (an indicator of our country's economic growth) more than doubled and the average U.S. citizen had a great deal of __________ income to spend on music and other forms of entertainment.

disposable

In the 1970's _________ rates had more than doubled since 1955 breaking many families apart.

divorce

The Beatles had a great deal of raw talent but got a boost early on from their __________, Brian Epstein and their _____________, George Martin who both gave them expert help and advice on to increase their audience and how to best use their musical talent.

manager, producer

The promoters of Woodstock created the greatest gathering of bands ever assembled at and advertised it on their posters as "3 days of ________ and music".

peace

After World War I, many independent ______ companies started to record and distribute music of Blues guitarists like Blind Lemon Jefferson and Robert Johnson.

record

Bands like Kansas, Journey, Boston and Styx capitalized on it with a style were among the bands that saw rock music move more intimate venues like clubs and auditoriums to performances in ____________ which separated the audience from the performers but allowed for much bigger, elaborate stage productions.

stadiums

Despite the fact that almost 400,000 people attended the Woodstock festival and there was not enough food, security, medical facilities or shelter, remarkably NO ____________ occurred unlike the festival at the Altamont Speedway.

violence

Congress' passing of the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution gave the president power to conduct military operations in Vietnam without officially declaring _______. As a result, the number of troops stationed there jumped from 23,000 to 184,000.

war

Motown became the first successful African-American owned record company to create music designed to attract a ___________ audience, as much as an African-American audience.

white

Protest songs written in the early 20th century, such as those found in the Little Red Song Book, were about important I.W.W. concerns like unionization and the rights of ___________ in the U.S and all over the world. These Protest songs gained a resurgence in popularity in the 1950's during the time of Senator McCarthy's House Un-American Activities Committee, which sought to stamp out _____________ in America,

workers, communism