Intro to Axial Skeleton, Cranial Bones, Sutures Between Cranial Bones, Facial Bones, Surface features of the skull, Composite structures, Passageways, The Sinuses and the Hyoid, The Vertebral Column, Thoracic Cage
- nasal (2) - lacrimal (2) - zygomatic (2) - inferior nasal concha (2) - palatine (2) - vomer (1) - maxilla (2) - mandible (1)
14 Facial Bones
- frontal (1) - parietal (2) - occipital (1) - temporal (2) - sphenoid (1): shaped like a butterfly (within the skull) - ethmoid (1): tiny bone (within the skull)
8 Cranial Bones
a joint; the place where two bones come together
Articulation
skull, hyoid bone, vertebral column, and thoracic cage (80 bones)
Axial skeleton consists of...
- sutural (ex: sutures) - irregular (ex: vertebra) - short (ex: carpal bones) - flat (ex: parietal bone) - long (ex: humerus) - sesamoid (ex: patella)
Bone classification: shape
compact vs. spongy
Bone classification: structure
sphenoid, frontal, zygomatic, ethmoid, lacrimal, maxilla, and palatine
Bones in the orbit
hole/opening
Canal
one bone made up of multiple bones fused together
Composite Bone
structure made up of multiple structures fused together
Composite structure
- orbit - zygomatic arch - nasal septum - hard palate
Composite structures
smooth and round articulated surface
Condyle
- cervical (7) - thoracic (12) - lumbar (5) - sacrococcygeal (1)
Curvatures
bone separated out from the other bones it normally interacts with
Disarticulated bone
flat articulated surface
Facet
hole/opening (foramina for small)
Foramen
frontal, maxillary, sphenoidal, ethmoidal (labyrinth)
Four Sinuses of the Skull
hole/opening
Meatus
a projection from a structure
Process
elongated process/branch
Ramus
hollow spaces in the skull and face bones around your nose
Sinus
solidified connection between bones (cannot move)
Suture
frontal, maxillary, sphenoidal, and ethmoidal
Types of sinuses
coronal, sagittal, squamous, and lambdoid
Types of sutures
sternal, sacrum, coxal
examples of composite bones
orbit, hard palate, zygomatic arch, and nasal septum
examples of composite structures
true ribs (vertebrosternal ribs)
first 7 pairs, which join to sternum by costal cartilage
Floating rib (vertebral ribs) - false ribs
next 2 pairs, which do not attach to cartilage
Vertebrochondral ribs - false ribs
next 3 pairs, which join the cartilage of the 7th rib
curvatures: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacrococcygeal
vertebral column