Intro to Axial Skeleton, Cranial Bones, Sutures Between Cranial Bones, Facial Bones, Surface features of the skull, Composite structures, Passageways, The Sinuses and the Hyoid, The Vertebral Column, Thoracic Cage

- nasal (2) - lacrimal (2) - zygomatic (2) - inferior nasal concha (2) - palatine (2) - vomer (1) - maxilla (2) - mandible (1)

14 Facial Bones

- frontal (1) - parietal (2) - occipital (1) - temporal (2) - sphenoid (1): shaped like a butterfly (within the skull) - ethmoid (1): tiny bone (within the skull)

8 Cranial Bones

a joint; the place where two bones come together

Articulation

skull, hyoid bone, vertebral column, and thoracic cage (80 bones)

Axial skeleton consists of...

- sutural (ex: sutures) - irregular (ex: vertebra) - short (ex: carpal bones) - flat (ex: parietal bone) - long (ex: humerus) - sesamoid (ex: patella)

Bone classification: shape

compact vs. spongy

Bone classification: structure

sphenoid, frontal, zygomatic, ethmoid, lacrimal, maxilla, and palatine

Bones in the orbit

hole/opening

Canal

one bone made up of multiple bones fused together

Composite Bone

structure made up of multiple structures fused together

Composite structure

- orbit - zygomatic arch - nasal septum - hard palate

Composite structures

smooth and round articulated surface

Condyle

- cervical (7) - thoracic (12) - lumbar (5) - sacrococcygeal (1)

Curvatures

bone separated out from the other bones it normally interacts with

Disarticulated bone

flat articulated surface

Facet

hole/opening (foramina for small)

Foramen

frontal, maxillary, sphenoidal, ethmoidal (labyrinth)

Four Sinuses of the Skull

hole/opening

Meatus

a projection from a structure

Process

elongated process/branch

Ramus

hollow spaces in the skull and face bones around your nose

Sinus

solidified connection between bones (cannot move)

Suture

frontal, maxillary, sphenoidal, and ethmoidal

Types of sinuses

coronal, sagittal, squamous, and lambdoid

Types of sutures

sternal, sacrum, coxal

examples of composite bones

orbit, hard palate, zygomatic arch, and nasal septum

examples of composite structures

true ribs (vertebrosternal ribs)

first 7 pairs, which join to sternum by costal cartilage

Floating rib (vertebral ribs) - false ribs

next 2 pairs, which do not attach to cartilage

Vertebrochondral ribs - false ribs

next 3 pairs, which join the cartilage of the 7th rib

curvatures: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacrococcygeal

vertebral column