Intro to Biology Exam II Part 1

Réussis tes devoirs et examens dès maintenant avec Quizwiz!

Which of the following describes a way that breast cancer influences the physiology of the body ?

All of the choices are correct

As bone cancer causes bone to break down what might be observed in a patients body chemistry?

Calcium would be released into the blood stream causing high calcium levels.

In most organisms the flow of information is from

DNA, RNA , then protein

Alkylating agents work to prevent the cell from replicating its genetic material thus preventing cell division. At which checkpoint would the cell most likely stop ?

G2 checkpoint

Which of the following is true concerning checkpoints of the cell cycle?

Most cells that undergo mitosis cannot proceed through all the cell cycle checkpoint and end up undergoing apoptosis.

Reverse transcriptase does not have a high degree of fidelity this means that

Rna viruses tend to be more prone to evolution compared to DNA viruses

A woman inherits a mutant BRCA1 allele from her mother. She has an increased risk of developing breast cancer because

a mutation in her normal BRCA1 allele may lead to cancer, whereas a normal individual would have to acquire two mutations (one in each allele) to develop cancer.

Growth factors work as signaling molecules. When they bind to receptor on target cells , they function to

activate proto oncogenes stimulating cell division

The activities of macrophages

are part of the nonspecific response against disease and stimulate phagocytic neutrophils

Darwin was very interested in the observation that animals on distant and isolated landmasses appeared to be related to animals on the mainland

biogeographical

Angiogenesis contributes to carcinogenesis because

causes additional mutations to occur in tumor cells

Which of the following is a characteristic of cancer cells?

cells with abnormal nuclei

The steps involved in a single PCR cycle in the correct order are

heat to denature DNA strands , cool to allow primer anneal, heat slightly to allow DNA polymerase to copy DNA

immunotherapy works on the basis of

helping the body to distinguish self cells from non self cells and to destroy only noself sells

if blood sugar levels drop below normal the digestive system is primarily responsible for returning levels to normal . This is an example of

homeostasis

CRISPR systems have been used in cancer treatments to

inactivate faulty genes that are responsible for the cell cycle causing them to slow down or stop cell division

Joan and her doctor notice a suspicious lump in her breast Joan also has a family history of breast cancer . Which of the following is likely the next step as they work to determine the cause of the lump?

performing a mastectomy to remove all breast tissue in that breast

At what level of biological organization does evolution take place?

population

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events for an altered protein that is secreted from the cell?

rough endoplasmic reticulum- golgi apparatus -plasma membrane

Which of the following is the correct association?

sister-chromatids- two identical chromosome strands still attached at the centromere

Cancer occurs when

the regulation of the cell cycle is lost and uncontrolled cell division occurs.

Which of the following statements best describe how alkylating agents work as chemotherapy ?

Alkylating agents work to prevent the cell from replicating its genetic material preventing cell division

If cancer is discovered at an early stage surgical removal is most likely used a a first means of treatment before chemotherapy this is because chemotherapy agents

All of the above

Cells grown in a petri dish tend to divide until they form a thin layer covering the bottom of the dish. If cells are removed from the middle of the dish, the cells bordering the open space will begin dividing until they have filled the empty space. What does this experiment show?

All of the answer choices are correct

All of the following statements describe methods to scan the body for cancer except for one : Select the method that is mismatched:

Computerized tomography CT scans use radio waves and magnets to obtained a detailed picture of organs within the body

Which of the following forms of genetic information has direct contact with amino acids and therefore directly imacts the specific type of protein product being produced?

DNA, mRNA, and tRNA

Rebecca found out that she has a mass of dividing cells called a tumor in her ovaries. She has had tests and is returning to the doctor. Which of the following would be the best news that Rebecca could receive ?

It is a benign tumor

Which of the following is true about mutations?

Mutations are changes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA

Which of the following is the correct sequence fot the cell cycle?

S-G2-M-G1

Which of the following statements is true regarding stage 3 cancers?

The tumor has spread to distant organs

When two different forms of a virus infect the same cell the host cell may manufacture viral particles from both the viruses to reassemble them to a new form of virus

antigenic shift

If tumor cells have a faulty nonfunctional proteinase they will be unable to undergo which of the following processes?

apoptosis

Which kind of Tcell is most important in the removal of virally infected cells from the body ?

cytotoxic T cells

As a wavelength increases the associated energy

decreases

during the process of immunotherapy, cells are removed and genetically engineered with genes against tumors. This means that while blood cells will now

display tumor antigens on their cell surface stimulating cytotoxic T cells to attack tumor cells.

Robert has a tumor on his brain that requires radiation. Before his treatment doctors perform a CT scan so they can know where the beam of radiation. Robert's head is shaved in that area and he receives a tiny circle tattoo to allow the radiation technician the beam of radiation. What type of radiation is Robert receiving?

external radiation therapy

During which stage of cell cycle do the chromosomes duplicate?

interphase

There are three major parts within each DNA nucleotide Of these three which is responsible foe the storage of genetic information

its four nitrogen bases

Enzymes are able to speed up the rate of a reaction by

lowering the energy needed for the reaction to proceed

Antiviral medicines target specific stages of the viral life cycle... Which of the following is not a stage of the life cycle

maturation

Although cancer may originate in many regions of the body, many patients die from a cancerous growth in the lungs, lymph glands, or liver. This is most readily explained as

metastasis occurring more commonly in organs that have a filter effect

Environmental air temperature can fluctuate many degrees during the course of the day. A humans body temperature

must be maintained within a range of a few degrees

Blood tests can provide information on blood chemistry in order to determine if the organs in the body are functioning correctly. Which of the following test results would be least likely to cause the suspicion of cancer?

negative findings of CA 15.3 (none is present in the blood)

When the influenza virus enters into an epithelial cell within the respiratory tract the infected cell responds by

posting antigens on its cell surface acting as a flag for the cytotoxic cells to destroy it

Some of the drugs used in chemotherapy work by

preventing spindle formation

Which type of genes when abnormally activated so that protein is always present and active can result in cancer?

proto oncogenes

Cancer is a disorder in which some cells have lost the ability to control their

rate of cell division

Sarah has thyroid cancer. As part of her treatment she is given an injection of radioactive iodine that will be absorbed by her thyroid helping target those cells. This is an example of

systemic radiation therapy

Cancer can originate in any area of the body. However death rates are often highest for those cancers involving organs within the digestive , cardiovascular and respiratory systems. This is most likely because

these organs play vital roles in maintaining homeostasis


Ensembles d'études connexes

Medical Immunology and Microbology, Part 1

View Set

Psychology chapter 8 online quiz

View Set

Chapter: Chapter 21: Nursing Assessment: Digestive, Gastrointestinal, and Metabolic Function

View Set

Chapter Summaries of Living in the Environment (AP® Edition), 17th Edition

View Set

Biology 3.17 Light and Photosynthesis

View Set

Soc Chapter 12-Trends in divorce

View Set