Intro to Human Development

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Middle Adulthood

40-65 years. Physiological aging become noticeable. Many reach their peak of productivity in love and work. "Sandwich generation"

Hospice Care

A movement and practice that involves professional and volunteer care and loved ones.

What are the 8 stages of development?

1. Prenatal Development 2. Infancy and Toddlerhood 3. Early Childhood 4. Middle Childhood 5. Adolescence 6. Early Adulthood 7. Middle Adulthood 8. Late Adulthood

3 key issues of human development

1. continuous vs discontinuous 2. one course vs many 3. nature vs nuture

Early Childhood

2-5 or 6 years; referred to as preschool years

Late Adulthood

65 years and older

As an elementary school student, Hayden's life revolves around learning and testing new academic skills, refining motor skills, and developing social relationships with friends and students outside of the family. Hayden is in the ________ period of human development.

Middle Childhood

Optimal Aging

aging in which gains are maximized and losses minimized

What is one course development?

idea that development is essentially the same for all. Stage theorists rely on this.

psychosocial domain of development

personality, emotions, social relationships and self esteem. Temperament and attachment. Types of play and interaction between children and teachers.

What is discontinuous development?

the idea that development takes place in unique stages occurring at specific time or ages.

nature in development

we are who we are because of biology and genetics

Impaired Aging

Someone who has more physical challenges and disease than others of the same age.

nurture in development

environmental and cultural factors that influence development

3 stages of prenatal development

germinal, embryonic, fetal

A counselor is conducting an initial evaluation with a client and asks questions to better understand the client's feelings, relationships, identity, and personality. This counselor is exploring the ________ of human development.

psychosocial domain

"oldest old"

stage of late adulthood - 85+. Often frail and in need of long term care.

Palliative Care

An approach to maintain dying individuals' comfort level.

Adolescence

Approximately 12-18 years of age. Marked by puberty, sexual maturation, and major socioemotional changes. Major task is development of identity. Independence struggle with parents.

Parents track the number of new words their toddler learns each day and are surprised by how many new words their child has learned at the end of one month. By charting their child's language development, these parents are showing an interest in the ________ of human development.

Cognitive Domain

Euthanasia

Helping a person fulfill their wish to die. 3 types - Active, Passive, and Physician-Assisted.

Death and Dying

How people think about death, approach death, and cope with death vary depending on many factors.

In a psychotherapy session, Adrienne talks with her therapist about the stress of raising two young children who are involved in competitive sports and preparing for standardized tests, while caring for her elderly parents who are experiencing ill health, including early signs of dementia. Adrienne's therapist normalizes her experience as part of the "sandwiched generation," sandwiched between caring for young kids and aging parents. Adrienne is in the ________ period of human development.

Middle Adulthood

Andrea's brain has recently reached its adult size, though it continues to develop; her body's growth has slowed down for now, and her motor skills are more coordinated. She is busy with learning and testing in school; her friendships with other girls are especially important. Considering all of this information, Andrea is probably in this period of human development:

Middle Childhood

A theorist proposes that children learn language by observing and imitating their parents, who in turn reinforce the sounds and words their children produce. In the nature versus nurture debate, where does this theorist's proposal fit?

Nurture

What is nature vs. nurture influence?

Our unique experiences in our environment influence whether and how particular traits are expressed, and at the same time, our genes influence how we interact with our environment. Reciprocal interactions between the two courses.

"good death"

Personal choices and the involvement of loved ones throughout the process.

physical domain of development

Physical growth and changes within the senses, motor skills, health and wellness. Includes puberty, sexual health, and menopause.

Normal Aging

Processes of aging similar to others of the same age that undergo a gradual decline, enabling people to enjoy health and vitality well into late adulthood.

cognitive domain of development

The domain that refers to the underlying mental functions, such as thinking, memory, attention, learning and understanding. Includes moral reasoning and practical intelligence.

Middle Childhood

The period between early childhood and early adolescence, approximately from ages 6 to 11. Brain reaches adult size.

What is common of the domains of development?

They are often interrelated. e.g. Brain development - physical development of the brain enables motor development and also coordinates emotions and planning and understanding.

What is continuous development?

a process of gradually adding more of the same types of skills that were there to begin with.

Infancy and Toddlerhood

birth to 2 years

prenatal development

conception occurs and development begins

What is a teratogen?

environmental factors during pregnancy that can lead to birth defects

Early Adulthood

late teens or early twenties through the thirties. "Emerging adulthood"

"old old"

stage of late adulthood ~ 75-84. Have some health problems and challenges with daily living activities

"young old"

stage of late adulthood ~65-74. possibly still working, married, relatively healthy, and active.

If cross-cultural research reveals that certain aspects of childhood physical development are the same and happen at the same ages in different countries, this would most likely be evidence for:

the influence of nature on human development


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