Intro to Human Development
Middle Adulthood
40-65 years. Physiological aging become noticeable. Many reach their peak of productivity in love and work. "Sandwich generation"
Hospice Care
A movement and practice that involves professional and volunteer care and loved ones.
What are the 8 stages of development?
1. Prenatal Development 2. Infancy and Toddlerhood 3. Early Childhood 4. Middle Childhood 5. Adolescence 6. Early Adulthood 7. Middle Adulthood 8. Late Adulthood
3 key issues of human development
1. continuous vs discontinuous 2. one course vs many 3. nature vs nuture
Early Childhood
2-5 or 6 years; referred to as preschool years
Late Adulthood
65 years and older
As an elementary school student, Hayden's life revolves around learning and testing new academic skills, refining motor skills, and developing social relationships with friends and students outside of the family. Hayden is in the ________ period of human development.
Middle Childhood
Optimal Aging
aging in which gains are maximized and losses minimized
What is one course development?
idea that development is essentially the same for all. Stage theorists rely on this.
psychosocial domain of development
personality, emotions, social relationships and self esteem. Temperament and attachment. Types of play and interaction between children and teachers.
What is discontinuous development?
the idea that development takes place in unique stages occurring at specific time or ages.
nature in development
we are who we are because of biology and genetics
Impaired Aging
Someone who has more physical challenges and disease than others of the same age.
nurture in development
environmental and cultural factors that influence development
3 stages of prenatal development
germinal, embryonic, fetal
A counselor is conducting an initial evaluation with a client and asks questions to better understand the client's feelings, relationships, identity, and personality. This counselor is exploring the ________ of human development.
psychosocial domain
"oldest old"
stage of late adulthood - 85+. Often frail and in need of long term care.
Palliative Care
An approach to maintain dying individuals' comfort level.
Adolescence
Approximately 12-18 years of age. Marked by puberty, sexual maturation, and major socioemotional changes. Major task is development of identity. Independence struggle with parents.
Parents track the number of new words their toddler learns each day and are surprised by how many new words their child has learned at the end of one month. By charting their child's language development, these parents are showing an interest in the ________ of human development.
Cognitive Domain
Euthanasia
Helping a person fulfill their wish to die. 3 types - Active, Passive, and Physician-Assisted.
Death and Dying
How people think about death, approach death, and cope with death vary depending on many factors.
In a psychotherapy session, Adrienne talks with her therapist about the stress of raising two young children who are involved in competitive sports and preparing for standardized tests, while caring for her elderly parents who are experiencing ill health, including early signs of dementia. Adrienne's therapist normalizes her experience as part of the "sandwiched generation," sandwiched between caring for young kids and aging parents. Adrienne is in the ________ period of human development.
Middle Adulthood
Andrea's brain has recently reached its adult size, though it continues to develop; her body's growth has slowed down for now, and her motor skills are more coordinated. She is busy with learning and testing in school; her friendships with other girls are especially important. Considering all of this information, Andrea is probably in this period of human development:
Middle Childhood
A theorist proposes that children learn language by observing and imitating their parents, who in turn reinforce the sounds and words their children produce. In the nature versus nurture debate, where does this theorist's proposal fit?
Nurture
What is nature vs. nurture influence?
Our unique experiences in our environment influence whether and how particular traits are expressed, and at the same time, our genes influence how we interact with our environment. Reciprocal interactions between the two courses.
"good death"
Personal choices and the involvement of loved ones throughout the process.
physical domain of development
Physical growth and changes within the senses, motor skills, health and wellness. Includes puberty, sexual health, and menopause.
Normal Aging
Processes of aging similar to others of the same age that undergo a gradual decline, enabling people to enjoy health and vitality well into late adulthood.
cognitive domain of development
The domain that refers to the underlying mental functions, such as thinking, memory, attention, learning and understanding. Includes moral reasoning and practical intelligence.
Middle Childhood
The period between early childhood and early adolescence, approximately from ages 6 to 11. Brain reaches adult size.
What is common of the domains of development?
They are often interrelated. e.g. Brain development - physical development of the brain enables motor development and also coordinates emotions and planning and understanding.
What is continuous development?
a process of gradually adding more of the same types of skills that were there to begin with.
Infancy and Toddlerhood
birth to 2 years
prenatal development
conception occurs and development begins
What is a teratogen?
environmental factors during pregnancy that can lead to birth defects
Early Adulthood
late teens or early twenties through the thirties. "Emerging adulthood"
"old old"
stage of late adulthood ~ 75-84. Have some health problems and challenges with daily living activities
"young old"
stage of late adulthood ~65-74. possibly still working, married, relatively healthy, and active.
If cross-cultural research reveals that certain aspects of childhood physical development are the same and happen at the same ages in different countries, this would most likely be evidence for:
the influence of nature on human development
