rocks quiz

What is a rock?

1. a naturally occurring, solid mass of mineral-like matter 2. mixture of minerals 3. 3 types of rocks 4. classified by how they are formed

how is sedimentary rock formed?

Weathering, erosion, deposition, then lithification

Explain the difference between weathering, erosion and deposition.

Weathering- wears away sediments from rock (destructive) Erosion- moves the sediments (destructive) Deposition- deposits the sediments (constructive)

example of igneous rock

andesitic - 25% dark silicate minerals

foliated rocks are..

banded

foliated?

banded rock ex. slate, granite

two main groups of sedimentary:

clastic - compaction and cementation chemical - dissolved substances separate from water solution

what process would follow sediments on the rock cycle?

compacting and cementing

What is the liquid rock found beneath the earth's surface?

magma

intrusive igneous rocks?

magma hardening beneath Earth's surface ex. granite

assuming a rock doesnt melt in the process of heating and pressure what type of rock will form?

metamorphic rock

what are rocks made of?

minerals

non-foliated?

no banding, and only one mineral ex. marble containing calcite

How does wind, rain and waves cause weathering?

How does wind, rain and waves cause weathering? Wind blows tiny grains of sand against a rock, slowly wearing it away. Rain and waves also wear rocks away over a longer time period

Give an example of a metamorphic rock.

Marble, gneiss, mica schist

How are sedimentary rocks formed?

Rivers carry broken pieces along and deposit the rocks at the bottom of a lake or sea. The deposited rocks build up in layers, called sediments. The sediments are compressed and hardened

how is igneous rock formed?

super heat

As the rate of cooling increases what happens to the size of the crystals?

they decrease in size

causes of erosion?

water, wind, ice and gravity

extrusive igneous rocks?

lava harden ats at Earth's surface

Give an example of a destructive process.

A glacier moving down a mountain and plucking the rock around it (any weathering or erosion)

Where is the energy source found that drives the processes that form igneous and metamorphic rocks?

Earth's interior

How are metamorphic rocks formed?

How are metamorphic rocks formed? when other rocks are changed by heat and pressure.

Why are fossils only found in sedimentary rock?

Igneous rock forms from melted rock and metamorphic forms from heat and pressure. These processes would destroy anything that may come in contact with it.

What type of crystal formation does a rock have when it forms from a large mass of magma that solidifies slowly far below Earth's surface?

Large Grains (coarse grained texture)

What affects the rate of weathering?

Mechanical weathering (Surface area) Climate Rock composition (what rock is made of)

How are igneous rocks formed?

Molten rock (magma) forms inside the Earth. The melted rock hardens

Describe a constructive process on Earth.

Mouth of a river where sediments Deposit (Any deposition)

Lava that cools so quickly that ions do not have time to arrange themselves into crystals will have what type of texture?

No Crystals (glassy texture)

What are the three main types of rock?

Sedimentary, Igneous and Metamorphic

The four agents of erosion are...

Water, wind, ice (glaciers) and gravity

What is the most important agent of chemical weathering and why?

Water- creates various solutions that react with rocks and minerals

What are the stages of the rock cycle?

What are the stages of the rock cycle? Rock weathers - Rock erodes - Sedimentary rock forms - Burying and squeezing with heat and pressure - Metamorphic rock - Rock Melts - Igneous rock - Volcanic Eruption

What are the three types of weathering?

What are the three types of weathering? Physical weathering, chemical weathering, biological weathering

Where do most metamorphic processes take place?

a few kilometers below Earth's surface

igneous rocks texture?

fine grained texture - fast cooling results in small crystals coarse grained texture - slow cooling results in large crystals glassy - forms when rocks cool quickly and ions do not have time to unite an orderly crystalline structure ex. obsidian porphritic

Example of intrusive igneous rock?

granite

igneous rocks composition?

granitic, basaltic, andesitic, ultramafic

how is metamorphic rock formed?

heat and pressure. a few km below Earth's surface

Name the agents of metamorphism.

heat, pressure and hydrothermal solutions

what does earth's core drive

igneous and metamorphic

which rock follows cooling and crystallizing?

igneous rocks

What is a liquid rock found above earth's surface?

lava

What does it suggest when there are ripple marks in sedimentary rocks?

rock was formed near a beach or stream bed

what process is driven by the sun?

sedimentary

when sediments are compacted and cemented what type of rock occurs?

sedimentary rock

Example of a sedimentary rock

shale, sandstone, conglomerate