rocks quiz
What is a rock?
1. a naturally occurring, solid mass of mineral-like matter 2. mixture of minerals 3. 3 types of rocks 4. classified by how they are formed
how is sedimentary rock formed?
Weathering, erosion, deposition, then lithification
Explain the difference between weathering, erosion and deposition.
Weathering- wears away sediments from rock (destructive) Erosion- moves the sediments (destructive) Deposition- deposits the sediments (constructive)
example of igneous rock
andesitic - 25% dark silicate minerals
foliated rocks are..
banded
foliated?
banded rock ex. slate, granite
two main groups of sedimentary:
clastic - compaction and cementation chemical - dissolved substances separate from water solution
what process would follow sediments on the rock cycle?
compacting and cementing
What is the liquid rock found beneath the earth's surface?
magma
intrusive igneous rocks?
magma hardening beneath Earth's surface ex. granite
assuming a rock doesnt melt in the process of heating and pressure what type of rock will form?
metamorphic rock
what are rocks made of?
minerals
non-foliated?
no banding, and only one mineral ex. marble containing calcite
How does wind, rain and waves cause weathering?
How does wind, rain and waves cause weathering? Wind blows tiny grains of sand against a rock, slowly wearing it away. Rain and waves also wear rocks away over a longer time period
Give an example of a metamorphic rock.
Marble, gneiss, mica schist
How are sedimentary rocks formed?
Rivers carry broken pieces along and deposit the rocks at the bottom of a lake or sea. The deposited rocks build up in layers, called sediments. The sediments are compressed and hardened
how is igneous rock formed?
super heat
As the rate of cooling increases what happens to the size of the crystals?
they decrease in size
causes of erosion?
water, wind, ice and gravity
extrusive igneous rocks?
lava harden ats at Earth's surface
Give an example of a destructive process.
A glacier moving down a mountain and plucking the rock around it (any weathering or erosion)
Where is the energy source found that drives the processes that form igneous and metamorphic rocks?
Earth's interior
How are metamorphic rocks formed?
How are metamorphic rocks formed? when other rocks are changed by heat and pressure.
Why are fossils only found in sedimentary rock?
Igneous rock forms from melted rock and metamorphic forms from heat and pressure. These processes would destroy anything that may come in contact with it.
What type of crystal formation does a rock have when it forms from a large mass of magma that solidifies slowly far below Earth's surface?
Large Grains (coarse grained texture)
What affects the rate of weathering?
Mechanical weathering (Surface area) Climate Rock composition (what rock is made of)
How are igneous rocks formed?
Molten rock (magma) forms inside the Earth. The melted rock hardens
Describe a constructive process on Earth.
Mouth of a river where sediments Deposit (Any deposition)
Lava that cools so quickly that ions do not have time to arrange themselves into crystals will have what type of texture?
No Crystals (glassy texture)
What are the three main types of rock?
Sedimentary, Igneous and Metamorphic
The four agents of erosion are...
Water, wind, ice (glaciers) and gravity
What is the most important agent of chemical weathering and why?
Water- creates various solutions that react with rocks and minerals
What are the stages of the rock cycle?
What are the stages of the rock cycle? Rock weathers - Rock erodes - Sedimentary rock forms - Burying and squeezing with heat and pressure - Metamorphic rock - Rock Melts - Igneous rock - Volcanic Eruption
What are the three types of weathering?
What are the three types of weathering? Physical weathering, chemical weathering, biological weathering
Where do most metamorphic processes take place?
a few kilometers below Earth's surface
igneous rocks texture?
fine grained texture - fast cooling results in small crystals coarse grained texture - slow cooling results in large crystals glassy - forms when rocks cool quickly and ions do not have time to unite an orderly crystalline structure ex. obsidian porphritic
Example of intrusive igneous rock?
granite
igneous rocks composition?
granitic, basaltic, andesitic, ultramafic
how is metamorphic rock formed?
heat and pressure. a few km below Earth's surface
Name the agents of metamorphism.
heat, pressure and hydrothermal solutions
what does earth's core drive
igneous and metamorphic
which rock follows cooling and crystallizing?
igneous rocks
What is a liquid rock found above earth's surface?
lava
What does it suggest when there are ripple marks in sedimentary rocks?
rock was formed near a beach or stream bed
what process is driven by the sun?
sedimentary
when sediments are compacted and cemented what type of rock occurs?
sedimentary rock
Example of a sedimentary rock
shale, sandstone, conglomerate
