Intro to Labs, Lab Safety, and Notebooks

Identify the precautions to take with exits in the lab.

-Do not block a door with an EXIT sign. -Locate the exits prior to the start of lab.

Safety Data Sheet (SDS) of a substance?

-Hazard warnings -Identification and description of substance -Personal protection and first aid recommendations -Handling, storage, and reactivity information

What information is needed in order to be prepared for an emergency?

-Location of all exits -Contact information for emergency personnel -Understanding of where to go should an emergency occur -Location of lab phone and first aid kit

What should you do every time before you leave the lab?

-Remove your labcoat, if you are wearing one. -Wash your hands. -Remove your gloves.

Determine where to dispose of each type of waste

-Unused solid reagent: solid waste -Titrant solution: nalgene bottle with cap -Broken flask: box lined with puncture-resistant bag -Syringe tips: sharps container

When working in a fume hood, what is the best position of the hood sash?

As low as possible, no more than halfway up

Changing gloves

Changing gloves often will minimize the spread of chemicals. To properly remove gloves, first, grasp the exterior of one glove with a bare hand, and then, peel off the first glove. Then insert a bare finger between the interior edge of the second glove and the skin, and remove the second glove.

A student removes a chemical sample from a reagent bottle to be used in an experiment. What should he do with any excess chemical remaining from this sample after the experiment is complete?

Check and see if anyone else can use the chemical. If not, discard in the proper waste container.

What is the first step for response to an emergency situation?

Remain calm and quiet, gather information, and assess the situation.

When should you replace your gloves in an organic lab?

When the gloves have been exposed to a solvent. When there is any visible tear in the gloves

What are the best practices for safely handling waste in the lab?

-Always wear appropriate Personal Protective -Check labels or instructions before any disposal.

Identify the types of information that are necessary to communicate with emergency responders.

-Any other hazards present in the lab -How the incident happened -Any chemicals involved in an incident

*Fire extinguisher* (P.A.S.S.)

1. Pull the pin 2. Aim at the base of the fire. 3. Squeeze the handle. 4. Sweep back and forth at the base of the fire.

What type of record is a laboratory notebook?

A laboratory notebook is a permanent record of the researcher's procedure and observations from the experiment.

Most laboratory chemical spills are cleaned up in a similar manner, but acid and base spills require an extra step. What is this extra step?

Neutralize the spill before cleaning it up.

How should spill cleaning materials be discarded?

Seal in a labeled plastic bag, then place in the solid waste container.

When should you start a new chemical waste container in the lab?

When the contents of the current container are a couple inches below the brim of the container

When writing in a lab notebook, you should always use what?

You should always use a blue or black pen in a lab notebook.

How should students prepare to use chemicals in the lab?

-Become familiar with the chemicals to be used, including exposure or spill hazards. -Locate the spill kits and understand how they are used.

All lab participants must remain prepared to use safety equipment in case of emergency. Identify the components of effective preparation.

-Being familiar with how safety equipment is used -Knowing what safety equipment is available -Understanding where the safety equipment is located

What should you do after finishing work with a reagent bottle?

-Return the bottle to its proper storage location. -Close the bottle.

Identify the section in which each type of information can be found on a Safety Data Sheet.

-Chemical name and formula: identification -Incompatibility or reactivity with other chemicals: handling and storage -Recommendations in case of accidental contact with the chemical: first aid measures -Possible dangers and health effects: hazards identification -Recommended personal protective equipment (PPE): exposure controls/personal protection

Identify the safety equipment designed to deal with each emergency listed.

-Chemicals in eyes: eyewash station -Chemicals on clothes: safety shower -Cuts or minor burns: first aid kit -Fire on a person: fire blanket -Large fire on benchtop: Fire extinguisher -Small benchtop fire: overturned beaker -Large fire on floor- Fire Extinguisher Clothing fire- fire blanket

PPE

-Closed-toes shoes: While pulling an empty beaker off the shelf at the beginning of lab, it slips out of your hand onto the floor. -Lab coat: While transferring a solution from a flask to a beaker, the solution accidentally spills down the front of the lab bench. -Gloves: While picking up a buret, an unknown solution left by a previous solution drips onto your hand. -Goggles: While checking on a stirring solution, the solution splashes up towards your face.

Determine when you should remove your goggles in the lab room.

When everyone in the room is done handling any chemicals or glassware

Match each lab incident to the item of PPE that will protect you from it. Each item of PPE will only be used once.

-Goggles: While checking on a stirring solution, the solution splashes up towards your face. -Gloves: While picking up a buret, an unknown solution left by a previous solution drips onto your hand. -Closed toes-shoes: While pulling an empty beaker off the shelf at the beginning of lab, it slips out of your hand onto the floor. -Lab coat: While transferring a solution from a flask to a beaker, the solution accidentally spills down the front of the lab bench.

When using organic chemicals, there are additional precautions and recommendations to work safely in lab.

-Perform procedures in the fume hood, if possible: many organic chemicals involve harmful vapors. -Do not use open flames, like Bunsen burners: many organic chemicals are flammable. -Use glass containers, unless instructed to do otherwise: many organic chemicals dissolve plastics. -Rinse the glassware with organic solvents after the experiment: many organic chemicals do not dissolve in water.

Which signs are typically posted in areas of active lab work?

-Safety equipment signs check -Personal protective equipment (PPE) -Chemical storage signs -Sign prohibiting food and drink

Fume hood structure

-Sash: The glass panel in front of the fume hood that shields the user from fumes and other hazards -Work surface: The horizontal, flat area of a fume hood upon which experiments are carried out -Volatile: A characteristic that describes substances that evaporate readily, producing large amounts of vapors -Air foil: The front vent of a fume hood, which helps maintain proper air circulation

What should you do every time you are about to heat glassware on a hot plate?

-inspect the hot plate for frayed cords -check that there are no cracks in the glassware

When should lab participants look at the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) of a substance?

Before using the substance

Under what conditions should a student inform the instructor of a lab injury?

The instructor must be informed of all laboratory injuries.

If someone else is reading your notebook, they should be able to do what with your experiment?

There should be enough details where the person reading the experiment can copy the exact procedure used and obtain similar results.

To clean glassware used with organic chemicals, start by washing it with

To clean glassware used with organic chemicals, start by washing it with an appropriate organic solvent in a waste container. Then, clean the glassware with detergent and water in the sink. A final rinse with a volatile organic solvent might also be suggested to help speed up drying.

In lab, you may need to evaluate the odor or smell of a chemical. What is the best way to smell a chemical sample?

Use your hand to gently waft the smell toward you.

What is the main precaution to take if a Gas Cylinder sign is present in the lab?

Visually check that the gas cylinder is restrained but keep a safe distance from it.

Determine the safest option in the lab if you need your vision to be corrected.

Wear corrective glasses or lenses under your safety goggles for the whole experiment, but always check with your TA or Instructor for your school's policy

Why should Bunsen burners not be used when heating organic materials?

Many organic materials are flammable and could cause a fire

What is the last step of any spill cleanup procedure?

Wipe down the affected area with detergent and water

Determine when to put on disposable gloves for work in the lab.

Before handling any glassware or chemicals for the experiment

Identify the step that is not recommended when responding to an emergency.

Gather your belongings.

NFPA Diamond

blue for health red for fire yellow for reactivity white for special hazards -cor: corrosive -ox: oxidizer

What information does not need to be included a chemical waste label?

A description of the experiment the chemicals were used for

Using the letters on the image, identify each component of the liquid waste set-up.

A:Funnel B: Primary container, aqueous waste C: Waste label, organic waste D: Secondary container, big tub

What are some types of observations you should include in a notebook (Give 2)?

All planned and unplanned observations should be included in a notebook, such as a change in color or visual observations of a chemical reaction such as a solution bubbling.

Appropriate PPE

Appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) is essential in the organic laboratory. Recommended items include a lab coat to protect the body, goggles as eye protection, and gloves to cover the hands.

Which steps are necessary for cleaning a spill involving broken glass?

If you break glassware in lab, you need to protect yourself during the cleanup and dispose of the glass appropriately. Before approaching the broken glass, find thicker gloves or a dustpan. Do not handle broken glass with regular lab gloves as the glass can easily cut through the thin material. Then, use the gloves or dustpan to carefully collect the glass. Make sure to gather all the small pieces of glass as well. The dustpan can be particularly helpful to ensure that all the glass is caught, rather than being swept aside for someone to accidentally find later. Finally, put the broken glass into the broken glass container, which has a puncture resistant bag to avoid rips or injuries. Broken glass should never be put in regular trash or solid waste. Although you should be trained for most clean up procedures, if you are ever uncomfortable with a situation, it is better to ask your instructor.

Determine the best way to deal with each of the following items that may dangle into the way during lab work.

Long necklaces: remove Long hair: tie back or secure Long earrings: remove Flowy sleeves-WRONG ANS: REMOVE Loose bracelets-remove

Acid/ Base Safety

When using acids and bases, note that these substances are corrosive. Make every effort to avoid contact with the skin and lab surfaces. Be sure to wipe up any spills immediately.

When a mistake is made, what should you do?

You should use a single line to cross out the mistake as opposed to obliterating it

Most chemicals can be cleaned up with a general spill kit, but a few chemicals require specialized spill procedures. For each substance listed, determine whether a general spill kit is sufficient or if a specialized spill kit is needed.

methanol: general hydrofluoric acid: special mercury: special phosphoric acid: general acetone: general

In general, which characteristics are necessary for a location to be suitable for chemical storage?

Dark, cool, dry

Fume hood

When working in the fume hood, it is important to make an effort to minimize clutter. Only keep items in the hood if they are being used for the current experiment. Do not store chemicals in the fume hood unless instructed to do so. When preparing for work in the fume hood, be sure to gather all necessary tools, glassware, and chemicals in advance to minimize the number of times the hood sash is raised and lowered. Work as much as possible in the middle of the work surface to keep the area tidy and promote air flow. If you need to step away from the experiment to obtain another item, lower the sash during this time.