intro to literature exam 1 daniel austin msu
style
distinct, individual manner in which a writer uses words
novels
extended narrative in prose that emphasizes complexity of a character and development of a unifying theme
persona
"character" projected by the author, the I of a narrative poem or novel or the speaker whose voice is heard
figuring out what to do
1. 2. general idea(freewriting, outline) 3. specific idea(thesis, support) 4. plan(para by paragraph) 5. write
general idea(freewriting, outline)
1. figuring out what to do(brainstorming) 2. 3. specific idea(thesis, support) 4. plan(para by paragraph) 5. write
specific idea(thesis, support)
1. figuring out what to do(brainstorming) 2. general idea(freewriting, outline) 3. 4. plan(para by paragraph) 5. write
plan(paragraph by paragraph)
1. figuring out what to do(brainstorming) 2. general idea(freewriting, outline) 3. specific idea(thesis, support) 4. 5. write
write
1. figuring out what to do(brainstorming) 2. general idea(freewriting, outline) 3. specific idea(thesis, support) 4. plan(para by paragraph) 5.
third person limited
POV that can look into the mind/feelings of only one character
third person limited omnicient
POV that can look into the minds/feelings of SOME characters
third person omnicient
POV that has unlimited knowledge of everyone in the stories thoughts and feelings
third person
POV told by anon or identified outside observer
first person
POV told by narrator using I
third person objective
POV with outside view, but no knowledge of characters inner thoughts and feelings
thesis statement
a specific claim that validates the entirety of the paper in one claim
revision
add, take away ideas; happens in every step of writing
prominance
amount an object is repeated, described, or noticeable in a story that increases its likelihood to be a symbol
critical analysis
analysis that applies schools of thought to a paper
story
any account of a related series of events in sequential order, usually chronological order
analysis
asks how,what, why
Tone
attitude or stance toward the subject and toward the reader or audience implied in a literary wrok
Orientation
author: Daniel Orozco sum: persons blunt and informative and personal introduction to an office and the employees in it
The Cask of Amantillado
author: Edgar Allen Poe sum: A man holds a grudge and murders Fortunado by leading him down into a grave for some alcohol and walling him into a room
A Good Man is Hard to Find
author: Flannery O'Connor sum: family wrecks car on road trip and is murdered by serial killers gang on side of road all due to grandma bringing her cat
Girl
author: Jamaica Kincaid sum: short story about the rules and duties of being a woman from a mother to her young daughter
The Story of an Hour
author: Kate Chopin sum: Mrs. mallard rejoices in her husbands death, only to have a heart attack at finding him alive
The Smile
author: Ray Bradbury sum: future society has fallen apart and people are resentful of past, but one boy snags the smile of Mona Lisa when it is being attacked by the townspeople
Superman and me
author: Sherman Alexie sum: poor indian learns how to read with superman comic books and teaches kids about reading and writing now to empower them
The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven
author: Sherman Alexie sum: talented Native American dude gets a job and struggles with the pressures of success and love
The Things they Carried
author: Tim O'brien sum: short story about soldiers and the items and burdens they held with them on their travels and Lieutenant Jimmy Cross's mistake of daydreaming about a girl(Martha) resulting in a soldiers death
Everyday Use
author: alice walker sum: Mother to two very different daughters(maggie and Dee) chooses the younger, less gifted one to give ancestors quilts to
The flowers
author: alice walker sum: short story about Myop picking flowers and coming across a dead body that was hung in the woods
Maus
author: art spiegelman sum: comic depiction about the holocaust from a jewish perspective
Love in LA
author: dagoberto Gilb sum: lying man rear ends woman and flirts with her
A&P
author: john updike sum: short story about cashier, Sammy, at grocery store observing young girls in bathing suits and quitting when they get chewed out by the manager
The Jilting of Granny Weatherall
author: katherine anne porter sum: old senile woman recalls and considers her life as she dies
The Red Convertible
author: louise Erdrich sum: short story of two brothers reconnecting over a car after one suffers PTSD from war
Happy Endings
author: margaret atwood sum: poem about happy ending and a ton of realistic sad endings
The House on Mango Street
author: sandra cisneros sum: little girls family's dreams of a nice house are unfulfilled with a crappy home, which she realizes when a nun points out how bad it is
A Rose for Emiy
author: william faulkner sum: Old woman murders lover and southern town ignores crazy behavior
myth
belief system with rules, stories, meaning
short stories
brief fictional narratives in prose that often focus on the essential aspects of a character and on a single event or episode
naming
characterization based on representations of names and allusions ex. ruth may, rachel, leah
literary vs. contextual
characterization of a symbol that involves culture and time OR is only within the work
conventional vs. traditional
characterization of a symbol that involves seasons, nature, day/night
entering a characters mind
characterization where narrator tells reader characters thoughts
dialogue
characterization with a conversation between characters ex. A: "How are you?" B: "I'm such a mess and am always confused"
telling
characterization with the author simply telling the reader about the character ex. "her name was connie. she was fifiteen."
consistent
characters method of handling situations in a similar manner repeatedly
motivation
characters reasons, explanations, justifications behind their behavior
historical criticism
criticism involving analysis and data to illuminate meaning and interpret from historical research
mythological criticism
criticism involving archetypes and cultural stories such as monomyth and seasonal cycles
cultural criticism
criticism involving cultural inclusiveness and influences of tradition and beliefs
marxist criticism
criticism involving economy, politics and how they are used such as class conflict, domination over others, or race relations
psychological criticism
criticism involving freud and character analysis that clarifies their actions, motivations, and attitudes with modern psychoanalytical insights
gender criticism
criticism involving gender roles and how they effect characters
biographical criticism
criticism involving research into details of authors life to analyze works and illuminate meaning
novellas
fictional prose narrative longer than short story but shorter than a navel; commonly 50-100 pages
stock
flat characters that are stereotypes and in all stories ex. stepmother, geek
editing
grammar corrections, cleanness; happens at end
talk to yourself about the text
jot down thoughts that occur to you or remind you of other books, movies, songs
epics
long narrative poem that celebrates achievement of great heroes, often determining the fate of a people in formal language ex. Homer's iliad and odyssey
fiction
narrated stories drawn from the imagination or are an imaginative reworking of actual experiences
reliable narrator
narrator that give reader no reason to doubt their words
unreliable narrator
narrator that has limited knowledge or character flaws making their words difficult to believe
naive narrator
narrator too young or inexperienced to understand fully what they are talking about
Symbol
object, event, or person hat suggests more than its literal meaning and represents something else
rhythm
pattern and cadences in the flow and movement of sentences created by the arrangement of words and phrases
verbal irony
plays on words, including sarcasm
flag key sentences
put a star, ?, ! by passages you want to reutrn to
syntax
sentence style
dynamic
type of character that changes and grows
round
type of character that is complex and have many sides
flat
type of character that is not very developed and are represented through only one or two features
static
type of character that stays the same through the entire work
place, time, culture
types of setting
underline or highlight key parts
underline sentences/phrases that you really like or that strike you as important
dramatic irony
when a character says/does something the reader realizes has a meaning opposite to what the character intends ex. horro
situational irony
when a result or situation turns out very differently from what was expected or hoped for
diction
word choice
talk back to the text
write comments in margins
write notes about text
write definitions/explanations you had to look up