intro to music

Which is true of the Baroque treatment of rhythm

Certain instruments, such as the harpsichord, emphasize a clear, steady beat and meter.

Which is true with regard to texture in Classical music

Compared to Baroque composers, Classical composers employed a delicate and unobtrusive sort of polyphony in their music

Which is true of Classical music

Composers of Classical music worked extensively with all musical elements to add variety and flexibility.

Which term refers to a synthesis of many of the arts into one unified work, or "total work of art"

Gesamtkunstwerk

How did Chopin support himself

He gave piano lessons and sold his music to publishers.

Which composer had an extraordinary imagination for orchestral tone color

Hector Berlioz

Which statement about Fanny Mendelssohn is false

Her compositions were widely admired during her lifetime.

How might a Classical composer help listeners become familiar with a theme in a composition

by repeating it right away

A late eighteenth-century work in sonata form that starts in the key of C major will end in the key of

c major

Most tunes have a high point. The musical term for this is

climax

The Venetian composer Antonio Vivaldi is especially remembered for his

concertos

A chord that creates a sense of rest or stability can be described as

consonant

Classical string quartets generally have ________ movements

four

Points of imitation in vocal music led to the development of the ________ in instrumental music

fugue

The two descriptions applicable to most Classical music are:

full of "natural" simplicity and pleasing variety.

The eighteenth-century salon was a(n)

gathering in a home

Symphonies, sonatas, and operas are examples of

genres

Program symphonies are in the category of:

grandiose compositions.

Composers reacting to the complexities of the avant-garde experiments of the 1950s and 1960s sought:

greater accessibility and more direct emotional expression in their music.

Wagner uses mythology in The Nibelung's Ring to reflect on modern life, the basic theme being

greed and hunger for power bring moral decline

A song cycle is a(n):

group of songs with a common poetic theme or unifying story.

When a melody is accompanied by chords, the melody is

harmonized

The effect of chords used with a melody is called

harmony

Fugues were composed and improvised mainly by

keyboard players

The nineteenth-century German genre consisting of a musical setting of a short poem for voice and piano is the

lied

The introduction of Music for 18 Musicians features:

lingering harmonies over a regular, repeating pulse.

The fugue subject is the

main theme or melody

Giving the beat an accent means

making some of the beats more emphatic than others

An organized series of pitches played or sung in a certain rhythm is called a

melody

What is the main skill involved in hearing form in music

memory

Any recurring pattern of strong and weak beats is called a(n)

meter

Which aspect of duration in music can be thought of as the background against which rhythms are perceived

meter

What is the criterion for organizing the instruments of the orchestra in their present families

method of production of sound vibrations

Which of the following lists of dynamics shows a progression from louder to softer

mezzo forte, mezzo piano, piano

The Classical style emerged in the ________ century.

mid 18th

A character piece is a

miniature composition for piano

"Erlkönig" is a

miniature, a song

The style of music in which simple melodies, motives, and harmonies are repeated many times and change gradually is called:

minimalism

With which musical style is Steve Reich associated

minimalism

Most of the music of medieval times that has been preserved for us was written down by

monks and other members of religious orders

The texture of a single melody played without accompaniment is:

monophony

The three main textures of Western art music are

monophony, homophony, polyphony

Musical form in the early Baroque period was becoming

more controlled and systematic

The shortest identifiable melodic fragment is called a

motive

What did Wagner call his new style of opera in the 1850s

music drama

Tone color is the musical term for the general quality of a

musical sound

The use of recorded sounds from life is called:

musique concrète

Where was Guillaume Dufay (and many other important composers of his day) born, and where did he spend his career

northern France near Belgium; Italy

Another term for Gregorian chant is

plainchant

The single-line melodies of the early Christian church are known as

plainchant

Music during the Enlightenment was meant to

please and entertain

Dufay is best known for his

polyphonic Masses and plainchant harmonizations.

The major genre developed by Classical composers is the

symphony

The string quartet may have as many movements as the

symphony

Placement of accents away from their normal stresses in the meter results in

syncopation

The early history of Western music was dominated by

the christian church

The last movement in most Classical symphonies is

the fastest, lightest movement

How many different characters do you hear in "Erlkönig"

three, plus the narrator

A song in which the musical sections are not the same for all verses of poetry but instead are composed with new material for each verse from beginning to end is said to be:

through composed

An example of chance music is:

throwing dice to determine the order of sections to be performed in a composition.

The purpose of art in the Age of Absolutism was

to impress and overwhelm

The principle of organizing music around a central, or "home," pitch is called

tonality

The fundamental "home" pitch in a section of music is called the

tonic

Which instrument in the brass family plays in the highest range

trumpet

The woodwind section of a Classical orchestra consisted of

two of each: flute, oboe, bassoon, and optional clarinet

The percussion section of a Classical orchestra included

two timpani

A string quartet consists of

two violins, viola, and cello

In terms of texture, High Renaissance composers

used polyphonic lines in such a way that a chordal quality was maintained.

What compositional practice by composers disappeared during the Classical era?

using the continuo to suggest the harmony

In the 1950s, the most popular works in concert halls and opera houses were:

In the 1950s, the most popular works in concert halls and opera houses were:

Which best describes rhythm in the Baroque era

It became more regular.

What became of Wagner's leitmotiv technique?

It became used in most operas.

Which is not a characteristic of plainchant

It is metered

Which is true of program music

It refers to some non-musical idea such as a poetic or literary work

How did polyphony change from the beginning to the end of the fifteenth century

It started out non-imitative and ended imitative

In which language are dynamics generally described

Italian

Who are the two most important composers of the late Baroque period

Johann Sebastian Bach and George Frideric Handel

The father of chance music is

John Cage

Who was the first master of the High Renaissance style

Josquin Desprez

Which accurately describes the Baroque treatment of meter

Meter became more accepted; bar lines came into use

Which composer wrote the famous essay "Who Cares If You Listen?

Milton Babbitt

Which composer wrote the famous essay "Who Cares If You Listen?"

Milton Babbitt

Which is true of music in the Age of Absolutism

Music functioned at least partly to flatter the nobility who paid for it.

How can rhythm in the High Renaissance style be characterized

Rhythm was unaccented, fluid, and shifting

A program symphony is a(n):

Romantic symphony that is based on a program.

Routine texts of church services typically used

Simple recitation on a single pitch

Who composed Music for 18 Musicians?

Steve Reich

What do all woodwind instruments have in common

They all set up vibrations in a column of air in a tube

The Classical style developed principally in

Vienna

Two French philosophers famously associated with the Enlightenment are

Voltaire and Roseau

The musical term for "voices alone" is

a Capella

Which two instruments would most likely have played the basso continuo in the Baroque era

a cello and a harpsichord

Haydn's career illustrates

a combination of the patronage system and the concert system

The third movement in Classical symphonies is always

a minuet and a trio

The first movement in most Classical symphonies is generally

a moderate or fast movement in sonata form that sometimes has a slow introduction

What is a point of imitation

a passage of imitative polyphony using one musical motive and one phrase of text

Ritornello form is based on

a periodic return of a central, musical theme by the orchestra.

Which is a musical innovation of eighteenth-century Western society

a public concert

The beat in music can be described as

a regular recurrence of short pulses

A B A C A B A is one possible scheme for

a rondo

The second movement in most Classical symphonies is generally

a slow movement with a quiet mood

Hildegard of Bingen composed in the ________ century

12th

The High Renaissance style began around

1500

The Baroque period spans the years

1600-1750

Much of the Baroque music heard today is from the late Baroque era, which spanned the years

1700-1750

A healthy human ear can hear from ________ to ________ cycles of sound vibrations per second

20-20,000

A medieval mode is

A different way of orienting the scale

A plainchant sequence consists of

A series of short tunes repeated with some variation

Which two characteristics do all plainchants share

All are nonmetrical and use medieval modes.

Which of the following is true of the way Classical composers wrote for the string quartet

All four parts were interdependent, each reacting to musical gestures by the others.

Smetana and Dvorak were nationalist composers from

Bohemia

Who composed "Erlkönig"?

Franz Schubert

Who started the idea of the symphonic poem

Franz Liszt

Which grouping shows duple meter

ONE two ONE two ONE two

Which grouping shows compound meter

ONE two three four five six, ONE two three four five six

Which grouping shows simple meter

ONE two three four, ONE two three four

Which grouping shows triple meter

ONE two three, ONE two three

What happens in a rondo

One theme is repeated again and again, with contrasting episodes interspersed.

Who is traditionally associated with collecting and codifying the chants of the church

Pope Gregory I

Which set of tempo markings is arranged in order from faster to slower

allegro, moderato, andante

A metronome indicates

an exact number of beats per minute for the desired tempo

An aria is

an extended piece for a solo singer having more musical elaboration and coherence than a recitative

Renaissance composers were inspired to explore the power of music to express human feelings. Their inspiration came from the

ancient greece

John Cage's 4' 33'' consists of

any sounds occurring inside or outside the performance hall.

How is musical time measured

beats

In music, the term texture refers to the

blend of sounds or melodic lines occurring simultaneously in music

The moments at the ends of phrases where a melody pauses or stops altogether are called

cadence

Music in which composers leave certain elements unspecified, allowing them to be determined by the performers or other circumstances, is called:

chance music

Chopin was most noted for composing:

character pieces for piano

Groupings of simultaneous pitches that work well in combination are

chords

The three main institutions in which Baroque composers could make a living were the

church, the opera house, and the court.

When themes are broken up, recombined, reorchestrated, extended, or played in new musical contexts, they are being:

developed

The set of seven pitches used in Western music is called a(n)

diatonic scale

A chord that sounds discordant, unstable, or in need of resolution is called

dissonant

The musical term for the level of sound is

dynamics

A measure or bar is

each occurrence of a repeated pattern of a principal strong beat and one or more weaker beats

Concert music composition since the 1970s has been marked by:

eclecticism and stylistic variety that make individual works difficult to categorize.

Which ruler in the Classical era was known for his generous encouragement of music

emperor Joseph II

A section of a fugue in which new, contrasting material is presented is a(n)

episode

The Well-Tempered Clavier consists of preludes and fugues based on

every key in both major and minor modes.

The opera Carmen, written by the French composer Georges Bizet and set in Spain, is an example of

exoticism in music

The section of a fugue in which all subject entries first occur is the

exposition

The Middle Ages, or medieval era, covers the time period of the

fifth century to the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries

What are the main elements of the exposition in sonata form

first theme, bridge, second theme, cadence theme

There are ________ standard sections of the polyphonic Mass

five

A way to connect the beginning, middle, and end of a musical piece is through the use of

form

The arrangement, relationship, or organization of elements in music is called

form

In Bach's time, The Well-Tempered Clavier was played primarily on

harpsichord

A characteristic of High Renaissance music, as heard in the Pange lingua Mass, is the contrasting of ________ and ________

homophony/ polyphony

A typical first movement of a Classical string quartet is

in a moderate or fast tempo and in sonata form

The most versatile medium for Classical composers was the

orchestra

The rise of public concerts in the eightenth century gave a special boost to the composition of

orchestral music

The process by which Renaissance composers freely embellished plainchant melodies for use in their compositions is known as

paraphrase

The rise of nationalism in music was a reflection of

people cherishing their distinctive artistic heritage.

Which family of the orchestra underwent the most growth and innovation in the post-World War II era?

percussion

In the nineteenth century, what instrument was the most likely to beused for the great profusion of Romantic miniature compositions?

piano

The Classical use of dynamics was reflected in the popularity of a new instrument, the ________, in the Classical era

piano

The texture that combines two or more individual melody lines simultaneously is

polyphony

Which best describes the dualism found in Baroque art and music

pomp and extravagance versus system and calculation

New music that refers to styles older than modernism is sometimes called

postmodern

What characterizes the music of nationalist composers?

rebellion against the traditional rules of harmony and form of European Romantic composers

The term basso continuo

refers to the bass line and continuous chords of a Baroque composition.

The type of music most likely to be written down in the Middle Ages was

religious music

In contrast to constructivist composers, chance composers wanted to:

relinquish control over some elements of musical construction.

A musical composition takes on its form through

repetition and contrast

In a piece of music that can be diagrammed as A B A, the A indicates ________, and the B indicates ________

repetition/ contrast

The broad term for the time aspect of music is

rhythm

Although there are exceptions, music in minor mode can sometimes be described as ________, whereas that in major mode can sometimes be described as ________.

sad/ happy

Tunes tend to be

simple and easily singable

In the Classical era, the string quartet was intended to perform in

small, intimate gatherings

"Im wunderschönen Monat Mai" is part of a(n)

song cycle

Music can be defined as the art of

sound in time

What do all stringed instruments have in common

sound produced by taut strings attached to a sound box

Tempo is the term for the

speed at which beats follow one another

Baroque dynamics generally

stay the same throughout a movement.

Which instrument group formed the core of the Baroque orchestra

strings

What are the two basic forms of lieder?

strophic and through-composed

The general term for the combination of qualities that make a piece of music distinctive is

style

The main function of the brass section in a Classical orchestra was to

support the main hamonies

An orchestral work that is composed in one movement and has a free form and a program is called a

symphonic poem

Pitch is the quality of the

the highness or lowness of a sound

The great, large-scale compositional challenge of the Renaissance was musical unification of

the mass

The most important service of the Christian liturgy was

the mass

What determines the tone color of a sound

the number and proportion of overtones and the way they vibrate together

Which aspect of modernist experimentation did minimalists continue?

the presentation of long, slowly changing blocks of musical time

Letter diagrams are least useful for showing

the specific music the letters stand for

What is characteristic of all nationalistic music

the use of the folk music of each country

How many movements does a typical late Baroque concerto have

three

Which of these instruments plays in the highest range in the violin family

violin

The preferred tone color of the High Renaissance style was

voice alone

hat device did Renaissance composers use to depict in music the words or ideas of a text

word painting