intro to music
Which is true of the Baroque treatment of rhythm
Certain instruments, such as the harpsichord, emphasize a clear, steady beat and meter.
Which is true with regard to texture in Classical music
Compared to Baroque composers, Classical composers employed a delicate and unobtrusive sort of polyphony in their music
Which is true of Classical music
Composers of Classical music worked extensively with all musical elements to add variety and flexibility.
Which term refers to a synthesis of many of the arts into one unified work, or "total work of art"
Gesamtkunstwerk
How did Chopin support himself
He gave piano lessons and sold his music to publishers.
Which composer had an extraordinary imagination for orchestral tone color
Hector Berlioz
Which statement about Fanny Mendelssohn is false
Her compositions were widely admired during her lifetime.
How might a Classical composer help listeners become familiar with a theme in a composition
by repeating it right away
A late eighteenth-century work in sonata form that starts in the key of C major will end in the key of
c major
Most tunes have a high point. The musical term for this is
climax
The Venetian composer Antonio Vivaldi is especially remembered for his
concertos
A chord that creates a sense of rest or stability can be described as
consonant
Classical string quartets generally have ________ movements
four
Points of imitation in vocal music led to the development of the ________ in instrumental music
fugue
The two descriptions applicable to most Classical music are:
full of "natural" simplicity and pleasing variety.
The eighteenth-century salon was a(n)
gathering in a home
Symphonies, sonatas, and operas are examples of
genres
Program symphonies are in the category of:
grandiose compositions.
Composers reacting to the complexities of the avant-garde experiments of the 1950s and 1960s sought:
greater accessibility and more direct emotional expression in their music.
Wagner uses mythology in The Nibelung's Ring to reflect on modern life, the basic theme being
greed and hunger for power bring moral decline
A song cycle is a(n):
group of songs with a common poetic theme or unifying story.
When a melody is accompanied by chords, the melody is
harmonized
The effect of chords used with a melody is called
harmony
Fugues were composed and improvised mainly by
keyboard players
The nineteenth-century German genre consisting of a musical setting of a short poem for voice and piano is the
lied
The introduction of Music for 18 Musicians features:
lingering harmonies over a regular, repeating pulse.
The fugue subject is the
main theme or melody
Giving the beat an accent means
making some of the beats more emphatic than others
An organized series of pitches played or sung in a certain rhythm is called a
melody
What is the main skill involved in hearing form in music
memory
Any recurring pattern of strong and weak beats is called a(n)
meter
Which aspect of duration in music can be thought of as the background against which rhythms are perceived
meter
What is the criterion for organizing the instruments of the orchestra in their present families
method of production of sound vibrations
Which of the following lists of dynamics shows a progression from louder to softer
mezzo forte, mezzo piano, piano
The Classical style emerged in the ________ century.
mid 18th
A character piece is a
miniature composition for piano
"Erlkönig" is a
miniature, a song
The style of music in which simple melodies, motives, and harmonies are repeated many times and change gradually is called:
minimalism
With which musical style is Steve Reich associated
minimalism
Most of the music of medieval times that has been preserved for us was written down by
monks and other members of religious orders
The texture of a single melody played without accompaniment is:
monophony
The three main textures of Western art music are
monophony, homophony, polyphony
Musical form in the early Baroque period was becoming
more controlled and systematic
The shortest identifiable melodic fragment is called a
motive
What did Wagner call his new style of opera in the 1850s
music drama
Tone color is the musical term for the general quality of a
musical sound
The use of recorded sounds from life is called:
musique concrète
Where was Guillaume Dufay (and many other important composers of his day) born, and where did he spend his career
northern France near Belgium; Italy
Another term for Gregorian chant is
plainchant
The single-line melodies of the early Christian church are known as
plainchant
Music during the Enlightenment was meant to
please and entertain
Dufay is best known for his
polyphonic Masses and plainchant harmonizations.
The major genre developed by Classical composers is the
symphony
The string quartet may have as many movements as the
symphony
Placement of accents away from their normal stresses in the meter results in
syncopation
The early history of Western music was dominated by
the christian church
The last movement in most Classical symphonies is
the fastest, lightest movement
How many different characters do you hear in "Erlkönig"
three, plus the narrator
A song in which the musical sections are not the same for all verses of poetry but instead are composed with new material for each verse from beginning to end is said to be:
through composed
An example of chance music is:
throwing dice to determine the order of sections to be performed in a composition.
The purpose of art in the Age of Absolutism was
to impress and overwhelm
The principle of organizing music around a central, or "home," pitch is called
tonality
The fundamental "home" pitch in a section of music is called the
tonic
Which instrument in the brass family plays in the highest range
trumpet
The woodwind section of a Classical orchestra consisted of
two of each: flute, oboe, bassoon, and optional clarinet
The percussion section of a Classical orchestra included
two timpani
A string quartet consists of
two violins, viola, and cello
In terms of texture, High Renaissance composers
used polyphonic lines in such a way that a chordal quality was maintained.
What compositional practice by composers disappeared during the Classical era?
using the continuo to suggest the harmony
In the 1950s, the most popular works in concert halls and opera houses were:
In the 1950s, the most popular works in concert halls and opera houses were:
Which best describes rhythm in the Baroque era
It became more regular.
What became of Wagner's leitmotiv technique?
It became used in most operas.
Which is not a characteristic of plainchant
It is metered
Which is true of program music
It refers to some non-musical idea such as a poetic or literary work
How did polyphony change from the beginning to the end of the fifteenth century
It started out non-imitative and ended imitative
In which language are dynamics generally described
Italian
Who are the two most important composers of the late Baroque period
Johann Sebastian Bach and George Frideric Handel
The father of chance music is
John Cage
Who was the first master of the High Renaissance style
Josquin Desprez
Which accurately describes the Baroque treatment of meter
Meter became more accepted; bar lines came into use
Which composer wrote the famous essay "Who Cares If You Listen?
Milton Babbitt
Which composer wrote the famous essay "Who Cares If You Listen?"
Milton Babbitt
Which is true of music in the Age of Absolutism
Music functioned at least partly to flatter the nobility who paid for it.
How can rhythm in the High Renaissance style be characterized
Rhythm was unaccented, fluid, and shifting
A program symphony is a(n):
Romantic symphony that is based on a program.
Routine texts of church services typically used
Simple recitation on a single pitch
Who composed Music for 18 Musicians?
Steve Reich
What do all woodwind instruments have in common
They all set up vibrations in a column of air in a tube
The Classical style developed principally in
Vienna
Two French philosophers famously associated with the Enlightenment are
Voltaire and Roseau
The musical term for "voices alone" is
a Capella
Which two instruments would most likely have played the basso continuo in the Baroque era
a cello and a harpsichord
Haydn's career illustrates
a combination of the patronage system and the concert system
The third movement in Classical symphonies is always
a minuet and a trio
The first movement in most Classical symphonies is generally
a moderate or fast movement in sonata form that sometimes has a slow introduction
What is a point of imitation
a passage of imitative polyphony using one musical motive and one phrase of text
Ritornello form is based on
a periodic return of a central, musical theme by the orchestra.
Which is a musical innovation of eighteenth-century Western society
a public concert
The beat in music can be described as
a regular recurrence of short pulses
A B A C A B A is one possible scheme for
a rondo
The second movement in most Classical symphonies is generally
a slow movement with a quiet mood
Hildegard of Bingen composed in the ________ century
12th
The High Renaissance style began around
1500
The Baroque period spans the years
1600-1750
Much of the Baroque music heard today is from the late Baroque era, which spanned the years
1700-1750
A healthy human ear can hear from ________ to ________ cycles of sound vibrations per second
20-20,000
A medieval mode is
A different way of orienting the scale
A plainchant sequence consists of
A series of short tunes repeated with some variation
Which two characteristics do all plainchants share
All are nonmetrical and use medieval modes.
Which of the following is true of the way Classical composers wrote for the string quartet
All four parts were interdependent, each reacting to musical gestures by the others.
Smetana and Dvorak were nationalist composers from
Bohemia
Who composed "Erlkönig"?
Franz Schubert
Who started the idea of the symphonic poem
Franz Liszt
Which grouping shows duple meter
ONE two ONE two ONE two
Which grouping shows compound meter
ONE two three four five six, ONE two three four five six
Which grouping shows simple meter
ONE two three four, ONE two three four
Which grouping shows triple meter
ONE two three, ONE two three
What happens in a rondo
One theme is repeated again and again, with contrasting episodes interspersed.
Who is traditionally associated with collecting and codifying the chants of the church
Pope Gregory I
Which set of tempo markings is arranged in order from faster to slower
allegro, moderato, andante
A metronome indicates
an exact number of beats per minute for the desired tempo
An aria is
an extended piece for a solo singer having more musical elaboration and coherence than a recitative
Renaissance composers were inspired to explore the power of music to express human feelings. Their inspiration came from the
ancient greece
John Cage's 4' 33'' consists of
any sounds occurring inside or outside the performance hall.
How is musical time measured
beats
In music, the term texture refers to the
blend of sounds or melodic lines occurring simultaneously in music
The moments at the ends of phrases where a melody pauses or stops altogether are called
cadence
Music in which composers leave certain elements unspecified, allowing them to be determined by the performers or other circumstances, is called:
chance music
Chopin was most noted for composing:
character pieces for piano
Groupings of simultaneous pitches that work well in combination are
chords
The three main institutions in which Baroque composers could make a living were the
church, the opera house, and the court.
When themes are broken up, recombined, reorchestrated, extended, or played in new musical contexts, they are being:
developed
The set of seven pitches used in Western music is called a(n)
diatonic scale
A chord that sounds discordant, unstable, or in need of resolution is called
dissonant
The musical term for the level of sound is
dynamics
A measure or bar is
each occurrence of a repeated pattern of a principal strong beat and one or more weaker beats
Concert music composition since the 1970s has been marked by:
eclecticism and stylistic variety that make individual works difficult to categorize.
Which ruler in the Classical era was known for his generous encouragement of music
emperor Joseph II
A section of a fugue in which new, contrasting material is presented is a(n)
episode
The Well-Tempered Clavier consists of preludes and fugues based on
every key in both major and minor modes.
The opera Carmen, written by the French composer Georges Bizet and set in Spain, is an example of
exoticism in music
The section of a fugue in which all subject entries first occur is the
exposition
The Middle Ages, or medieval era, covers the time period of the
fifth century to the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries
What are the main elements of the exposition in sonata form
first theme, bridge, second theme, cadence theme
There are ________ standard sections of the polyphonic Mass
five
A way to connect the beginning, middle, and end of a musical piece is through the use of
form
The arrangement, relationship, or organization of elements in music is called
form
In Bach's time, The Well-Tempered Clavier was played primarily on
harpsichord
A characteristic of High Renaissance music, as heard in the Pange lingua Mass, is the contrasting of ________ and ________
homophony/ polyphony
A typical first movement of a Classical string quartet is
in a moderate or fast tempo and in sonata form
The most versatile medium for Classical composers was the
orchestra
The rise of public concerts in the eightenth century gave a special boost to the composition of
orchestral music
The process by which Renaissance composers freely embellished plainchant melodies for use in their compositions is known as
paraphrase
The rise of nationalism in music was a reflection of
people cherishing their distinctive artistic heritage.
Which family of the orchestra underwent the most growth and innovation in the post-World War II era?
percussion
In the nineteenth century, what instrument was the most likely to beused for the great profusion of Romantic miniature compositions?
piano
The Classical use of dynamics was reflected in the popularity of a new instrument, the ________, in the Classical era
piano
The texture that combines two or more individual melody lines simultaneously is
polyphony
Which best describes the dualism found in Baroque art and music
pomp and extravagance versus system and calculation
New music that refers to styles older than modernism is sometimes called
postmodern
What characterizes the music of nationalist composers?
rebellion against the traditional rules of harmony and form of European Romantic composers
The term basso continuo
refers to the bass line and continuous chords of a Baroque composition.
The type of music most likely to be written down in the Middle Ages was
religious music
In contrast to constructivist composers, chance composers wanted to:
relinquish control over some elements of musical construction.
A musical composition takes on its form through
repetition and contrast
In a piece of music that can be diagrammed as A B A, the A indicates ________, and the B indicates ________
repetition/ contrast
The broad term for the time aspect of music is
rhythm
Although there are exceptions, music in minor mode can sometimes be described as ________, whereas that in major mode can sometimes be described as ________.
sad/ happy
Tunes tend to be
simple and easily singable
In the Classical era, the string quartet was intended to perform in
small, intimate gatherings
"Im wunderschönen Monat Mai" is part of a(n)
song cycle
Music can be defined as the art of
sound in time
What do all stringed instruments have in common
sound produced by taut strings attached to a sound box
Tempo is the term for the
speed at which beats follow one another
Baroque dynamics generally
stay the same throughout a movement.
Which instrument group formed the core of the Baroque orchestra
strings
What are the two basic forms of lieder?
strophic and through-composed
The general term for the combination of qualities that make a piece of music distinctive is
style
The main function of the brass section in a Classical orchestra was to
support the main hamonies
An orchestral work that is composed in one movement and has a free form and a program is called a
symphonic poem
Pitch is the quality of the
the highness or lowness of a sound
The great, large-scale compositional challenge of the Renaissance was musical unification of
the mass
The most important service of the Christian liturgy was
the mass
What determines the tone color of a sound
the number and proportion of overtones and the way they vibrate together
Which aspect of modernist experimentation did minimalists continue?
the presentation of long, slowly changing blocks of musical time
Letter diagrams are least useful for showing
the specific music the letters stand for
What is characteristic of all nationalistic music
the use of the folk music of each country
How many movements does a typical late Baroque concerto have
three
Which of these instruments plays in the highest range in the violin family
violin
The preferred tone color of the High Renaissance style was
voice alone
hat device did Renaissance composers use to depict in music the words or ideas of a text
word painting
