Intro to Organ. Busin. Ch. 4

Giving praise and recognition is an example of which type of reinforcement schedule?

Variable interval

In its simplest form, reinforcement theory suggests that behavior is a function of

consequences.

People with a high need for power can be successful managers if they

curb their desires when they might interfere with organizational relationships.

The human relations approach to motivation includes all of the following except

employees are motivated by only money.

The scientific management view of motivation includes all of the following except

employees want to feel useful and important.

Doug is an employee of McDowell Instruments. Doug steals money from his company, and often rationalizes that he does this because the organization does not pay him enough for the level of work that he does. Doug is reducing his perceived inequity by

changing his outcomes.

All of the following are steps in an individual's formation of equity perceptions except

confronting the comparison other with any inequity

Netflix fulfills the needs of its employees by doing all of the following except

It believes that money is the only motivator for success

Which of the following statements is not true about continuous reinforcement?

It is frequently used by managers in organizational settings.

The most difficult performance factor to manage is often

Motivation

The equation P = M + A + E states that performance is a function of

Motivation, ability, and environment

Motivated behavior begins with one or more

Needs

John has satisfied his basic needs and has many friends. He is now trying to learn new skills and advance his career. According to Alderfer, John's activities are explained by which component of ERG theory?

Satisfaction-progression

Which of the following is usually is one of the second options when attempting to correct an inequitable situation?

Seek additional avenues for growth and development

In Greece and Japan, Maslow's ___________ needs may motivate employees more than the other needs.

security

Based on Maslow's hierarchy, _____________ needs in the workplace are the hardest to understand and the most difficult to satisfy.

self-actualization

According to the equity theory, inputs include all of the following except

recognition

According to Herzberg's dual-structure theory, motivation factors were often cited as the primary causes of

satisfaction and motivation.

Research has suggested that the expectancy theory is more likely to explain motivation in _________________.

the Unites States

In order for social learning to take place,

the employee must possess the physical attributes needed to perform the job.

According to Maslow, if a previously satisfied lower-level need becomes deficient,

the individual returns to the lowest level that is now deficient.

The basic expectancy framework suggests that for motivated behavior to occur,

the positive valences should outweigh the negative valences of potential outcomes.

The need for _____________ is most frequently associated with David McClelland.

achievement

For some reason, Anne is unable to make friends at work. According to Alderfer's ERG theory, which of the following sets of needs will become more important to Anne?

Existence

_____________ theory assumes that people are motivated to work toward a goal if they want that goal and think they can achieve it.

Expectancy

A $10 bonus for every fifth sale would be an example of which schedule of reinforcement?

Fixed interval

Equity theory provides several insights for managerial applications to everyday situations in the workplace. Which of the following statements is not true in this regard?

Formal and informal organizational rewards are equally observable to individuals when formulating equity perceptions.

Which of the following is third step in OB modification?

Identify the existing behavioral contingencies, or consequences of performance

People with a strong need for affiliation most often work in jobs with

a lot of interpersonal contact.

The human resources approach to motivation implies

assumes that the contributions themselves are valuable to both the individuals and the organization.

Sara tries to always be on time for work because she once saw her boss fire someone who came in late. Sara is exhibiting learning through

avoidance.

Aria has been performing successfully at work for several months. Aria believes that she will get a pay raise if she maintains this high level of performance. This belief is an example of the _____________ expectancy.

performance-to-outcome

OB modification attempts to use

positive reinforcement to encourage desired behaviors.

High need achievers tend not to make good top managers because

top managers seldom receive immediate feedback.

According to equity theory, people

want to be treated fairly.

Which two types of reinforcement are generally accepted as means for increasing the frequency of desired behavior?

Positive reinforcement and avoidance

According to Herzberg, once a state of no dissatisfaction has been reached,

further attempts to enhance motivation via the hygiene factors will be a waste of time.

Porter and Lawler's extension of the expectancy model argues that

high levels of performance may lead to satisfaction.

One common criticism associated with the use of OB modification is that it

includes elements of manipulation.

Herzberg's dual-structure theory was a response to the prevailing thinking that

job satisfaction ranged from satisfaction to dissatisfaction