OCE Chapter 15

Kelp with air bladders are likely to be found in which region?

Western coast of the United States Submit

The most successful adaptation for living on a sediment-covered shore is:

burrowing into the sediment

What does a blue mussel (California mussel) use to attach to a rock?

byssus threads

Which of the following chemical formulas represents a sugar molecule?

c6h12..

the most serious threat to coral reefs

humans

These organisms are inhabitants of a(n) ________. (green pic on left, orange pic on right)

hydrocarbon seep

Which of the following is not in the photosynthesis equation?

hydrogen sulfide

Nearly all large organisms that inhabit sediment-covered shores are called ________ because they burrow into the sediment.

infauna

The depth to which a bivalve can bury itself depends on the:

length of siphon

The loss of color (coral bleaching) in coral reef organisms can be a result of:

loss of zooxanthellae.

Coral reefs cover less than ________ of the ocean's surface area but they are home to ________ of all marine species.

.5 , 25%

Although coral reefs cover less than half a percent of the ocean's surface area, they are home to ________ of all marine species.

25%

Corals cannot survive for long when the water temperature exceeds ________ Celsius.

30

Within the intertidal zone, the area that receives equal amounts of air exposure and water coverage is indicated by the number:

5

Corals only grow within the tropics where average annual water temperature is above ________.

64

The area on a rocky shore inhabited by organisms adapted to withstand wave energy for the majority of the tidal cycle is indicated by the number:

7

Of the following adaptations, which apply to life in rocky intertidal environments?

A thick exterior or exoskeleton helps protect creatures from being crushed. Some organisms can grow directly on top of other organisms. Some organisms can survive for long periods of time out of water.

Which of the following human threats to the ocean has resulted in making it more difficult for corals to build skeletons?

Acidification

Which of the following is a threat to coral reef survival?

All of the above might contribute to the decline of a coral community.

The most important members of hydrothermal vent biocommunities are microscopic ________.

Archaea

Which group of organisms are likely to live in the high tide zone?

Buckshot barnacle, striped shore crab

Which of the following statements regarding the benefits coral reefs provide to people is correct?

Coral reef tourism provides some countries with over 50% of their gross national product.

BBC Video Quiz - Australia: Coral Reefs and the Census of Marine Life What system hosts more biodiversity than any other ecosystem in the oceans?

Coral reefs are believed to have the highest biodiversity of any ecosystem in the oceans.

Which of the following are not a species found in hydrothermal vent biocommunities?

Corals

Planktonic larval forms are an adaptation to cope with which of the following adverse conditions of the rocky intertidal zone?

Lack of space or attachment sites

Which of the following marine habitats has the lowest species diversity?

Mud flats

Stinging cells, camouflage, and an inking response are adaptations to cope with which of the following adverse conditions of the rocky intertidal zone?

Predators

How did the discovery of hydrothermal vent communities in the 1970s change our understanding of life in the ocean?

Prior to this discovery, chemosynthesis was unknown at hydrothermal vents. Prior to this discovery it was thought that all life, even life in the deep ocean, depended on photosynthetic primary producers in the surface ocean. Prior to this discovery it was thought that all primary producers were photosynthetic.

What is the purpose of ARMS?

Scientist use ARMS, which is a small collection device, to collect thousands of specimens from the sea bed.

Which group of organisms are likely to live in the low tide zone?

Sea star, brittle star, sea urchins Submit

Oceanography Videos: Field Study Segments — Brittle Star What is another name for the brittle star?

Serpent star

Scientists have proposed that which of the following deep ocean processes may hold part of the answer to the question of whether life on Earth emerged from the deep sea?

Serpentinization Submit

What is the goal of the Census of Marine Life?

The goal of the Census of Marine Life is to compile the most comprehensive list to date of all life in the oceans. Submit

Which of the following statements about the physical environment of the deep-ocean is incorrect?

The temperature rarely exceeds 0°C at the deep-ocean floor.

Of the following statements about benthic organisms, which is/are true?

The vast majority of benthic species live on the continental shelf .High abundances of benthic organisms are found beneath surface waters with high primary productivity .Many benthic organisms spend the first part of their lives in the pelagic environment.

The world's oceans cover what percentage of Earth's surface?

The world's oceans cover almost 70 percent of earth's surface.

What adaptation gives brittle stars their name?

They can detach their arms to avoid a predator.

Oceanography Videos: Field Study Segments — Mussels What is an adaptation for organisms living in the upper intertidal zone?

They must be adapted for being out of water for extended periods of time.

As a citizen scientist, you have been selected to participate in a once-in-a-lifetime journey to ride along in a deep-sea submersible to explore life in the bathypelagic zone of the ocean. As you descend, you anticipate nothing but abyssal plains, but what you see instead is an oasis of life dominated by the tubeworm Riftia. Later you learn that the results of the biological survey reveal that even though this community has 1000 times more biomass than surrounding deep-sea habitats, the overall diversity is very low. Considering these results, the deep-sea community you visited was _________.

a black smoker releasing water at a temperature near 400°C

How long does it take for a brittle star to regrow an arm?

a couple of weeks

What does a gooseneck barnacle use to attach to a rock?

a strong stalk

Which of the following organisms use photosynthesis?

all besides archaea

Where do chemosynthesizers live?

all besides coral reefs and surface ocean

SmartFigure: Comparing Chemosynthesis and Photosynthesis Which of the following are common to both chemosynthesis and photosynthesis?

all besides sunlight

Sewage discharge and fertilizer runoff is detrimental to coral growth because it increases the:

amount of inorganic nutrients in the water that stimulates excessive algal growth.

The primary producers in chemosynthetic vent communities are _____.

archaea

One of the main ways in which octopuses avoid predators is to __________.

blend in with the color and texture

Two dominant organisms of the rocky shore found high on the rocks of the intertidal zone are:

buckshot barnacles and limpets

Chemosynthetic bacteria do not form the base of the food web at which of the following biocommunities?

cold water reefs

The organism shown is an example of which of the following? (long red sticks w/ white appendages)

coral

The organism shown is an example of which of the following? (lobster)

cruster..

Release of large numbers of eggs into the water column is an adaptation to cope with which of the following adverse conditions of the rocky intertidal zone?

difficulty finding mates

The crown-of-thorns sea star destroys coral reefs by ________.

eating the coral polypos

Coral bleaching often occurs in response to ________.

elevated temperatures

Organisms that are either permanently attached to the bottom of the ocean floor or move over it are called ________.

epifauna

During a field trip to a rocky intertidal area during low tide, you notice an interesting cone-shaped shell. You reach down to pick it up, but to your surprise find it is firmly attached to the substrate by a strong muscle that acts like a suction cup. What abiotic factor drives these adaptations?

exposure to strong wave activity

Under ideal conditions, the giant brown bladder kelp can grow up to two ________ per day.

feet

A sea urchin has a ________-toothed mouth centered on the bottom side of its hard, spherical shell, consisting of fused calcium carbonate plates perforated to allow tube feet and water to pass through.

five

In the deep ocean, oozes made of dead planktonic organisms are found on the ________.

flanks of oceanic ridges and rises

Two dominant organisms commonly found at mid-water levels of the rocky intertidal zone are:

goose-necked barnacles and mussels.

Some organisms living in the high water portion of the intertidal zone cannot survive in the supralittoral zone because they:

have planktonic larval forms

In which area are you likely to find ghost shrimp?

hide tide zone

Which of the following factors does not limit coral growth?

high concentrations of calcium carbonate in the water

The animal shown lives in which of the following rocky shore tidal zones?

high tide zone

Kelp uses a root-like anchor called a ________ to attach to rocky bottoms.

holdfast

The so-called true lobsters belong to which genus?

homarus

The animal shown lives in which of the following rocky shore tidal zones? (bunch of green stuff in the middle)

low tide

The greatest biomass of clams is burrowed into the ________ region of sandy beaches and decreases where the sediment becomes muddier.

low-tide

Which phylum does the bivalve belong to?

molluska

Organic matter decomposes most slowly in __________.

mud flats

A pronounced layer of which of the following can often be one of the most recognizable features of middle tidal zones along rocky coasts?

mussels

The symbiotic relationship between the coral animals and the zooxanthellae is an example of __________.

mutualism

The relationship between the protistan zooxanthellae and the polyps of reef-building corals is best described as a(n) ________.

mutualistic symbiossi

Which of the following human threats to the ocean has resulted in algae smothering the reefs?

overfishing

The amount of life on the ocean floor depends primarily on __________.

productivity of the surface layer above it

The low-water portion of the rocky intertidal zone is dominated by:

red and brown algae and surf grasses

Which of the following are among the first organisms to colonize a rocky shore?

rock weed

Which of the following protects itself with stinging needlelike cells called nematocysts?

sea anenomes

Which of the following human threats to the ocean may wreak havoc on corals by reducing the amount of sunlight they receive?

sea level rise

An important predator of mussel beds in the middle tide zone is the __________.

sea star

The organism posing the greatest threat to the kelp forest is the __________.

sea urchin

Increased human populations near coral reefs increases the nutrient levels of the reef waters from ________ and farm fertilizers.

sewage

To which of the following animals are acorn barnacles closely related?

shrimp

Which of the following is NOT considered an environmental condition necessary for coral growth?

soft substrate

The most important limiting factor in rocky intertidal communities is:

space

The intertidal zonation of sediment-covered shores is best developed on a ________ sloping, ________-sand beach.

steeply; coarse Submit

Primary producers in hydrothermal vent communities are:

sulfur-oxidizing archaea.

Deep-water corals lack the ________ that their shallow-water cousins have.

symbiotic zooxanthellae algae

Which of the following is the most important variable affecting species diversity at similar latitudes on opposite sides of an ocean basin?

temperature

What do mussels, gooseneck barnacles, and acorn barnacles all eat?

tiny microscopic marine animals

You are vacationing on a beautiful tropical island and want to see a coral reef. Your boat travels down a river estuary and then travels a considerable distance along the coast before any coral is seen. The reason you had to travel so far to see coral is probably that __________.

too much freshwater...

Water warm enough to support coral growth is found primarily in the ________ regions of the oceans.

tropical

Oceanography Videos: Field Study Segments — Octopus What is the common name of the octopus that is found in Southern California tidepools?

two spotted octopus

Recent studies indicate that the deep biosphere, an environment that exists within the sea floor itself, may account for up to __________ of Earth's total bacterial biomass.

two thirds

Reefs grow as far north and south as 35° latitude on the ________ margins of ocean basins.

western