Intro to Sociology - Chapter 11 Review

What doctrine justified legal segregation in the South?

Separate but equal

subordinate group

a group of people who have less power than the dominant group

expulsion

when a dominant group forces a subordinate group to leave a certain area or even the country

racial steering

when real estate agents direct prospective homeowners toward or away from certain neighborhoods based on their race

Which intergroup relation displays the least tolerance?

Genocide

Many Arab Americans face _______________, especially after 9/11.

Islamophobia

Which federal act or program was designed to allow more Hispanic American immigration, not block it?

The Bracero Program

stereotypes

oversimplified ideas about groups of people

discrimination

prejudiced action against a group of people

Stereotypes can be based on

race, ethnicity, gender (all of the above)

white privilege

the benefits people receive simply by being part of the dominant group

segregation

the physical separation of two groups, particularly in residence, but also in workplace and social functions

model minority

the stereotype applied to a minority group that is seen as reaching higher educational, professional, and socioeconomic levels without protest against the majority establishment

culture of prejudice

the theory that prejudice is embedded in our culture

intersection theory

theory that suggests we cannot separate the effects of race, class, gender, sexual orientation, and other attributes

As a Caucasian in the United States, being reasonably sure that you will be dealing with authority figures of the same race as you is a result of

white privilege

Which of the following is an example of a numerical majority being treated as a subordinate group?

Blacks under Apartheid in South Africa

What is the one defining feature of a minority group?

lack of power

Which subordinate group is often referred to as the "model minority?"

Asian Americans

What is discrimination?

Biased actions against an individual or group

Why did most white ethnic Americans come to the United States?

For a better life & To escape oppression (a & b only)

11.3 Theories of Race and Ethnicity

Functionalist views of race study the role dominant and subordinate groups play to create a stable social structure. Conflict theorists examine power disparities and struggles between various racial and ethnic groups. Interactionists see race and ethnicity as important sources of individual identity and social symbolism. The concept of culture of prejudice recognizes that all people are subject to stereotypes that are ingrained in their culture.

11.4 Intergroup Relationships

Intergroup relations range from a tolerant approach of pluralism to intolerance as severe as genocide. In pluralism, groups retain their own identity. In assimilation, groups conform to the identity of the dominant group. In amalgamation, groups combine to form a new group identity.

Which of the following is the best explanation of racism as a social fact?

It does not need the actions of individuals to continue.

What intergroup relationship is represented by the "salad bowl" metaphor?

Pluralism

11.1 Racial, Ethnic, and Minority Groups

Race is fundamentally a social construct. Ethnicity is a term that describes shared culture and national origin. Minority groups are defined by their lack of power.

11.2 Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Stereotypes are oversimplified ideas about groups of people. Prejudice refers to thoughts and feelings, while discrimination refers to actions. Racism refers to the belief that one race is inherently superior or inferior to other races.

11.5 Race and Ethnicity in the United States

The history of the American people contains an infinite variety of experiences that sociologist understand follow patterns. From the indigenous people who first inhabited these lands to the waves of immigrants over the past 500 years, migration is an experience with many shared characteristics. Most groups have experienced various degrees of prejudice and discrimination as they have gone through the process of assimilation.

What makes Native Americans unique as a subordinate group in the United States?

They are the only group that did not come here as immigrants

dominant group

a group of people who have more power in a society than any of the subordinate groups

racism

a set of attitudes, beliefs, and practices that are used to justify the belief that one racial category is somehow superior or inferior to others

minority group

any groups of people who are singled out from the others for differential and unequal treatment

The racial term "African American" can refer to

any of the above

Ethnicity describes shared

beliefs, language, religion

prejudice

biased thought based on flawed assumptions about a group of people

Amalgamation is represented by the _____________ metaphor

melting pot

pluralism

represented by the ideal of the United States as a "salad bowl:" a mixture of different cultures where each culture retains its own identity and yet adds to the "flavor" of the whole

ethinicity

shared culture, which may include heritage, language, and more

Speedy Gonzalez is an example of

stereotyping

Scapegoat theory shows that

subordinate groups blame dominant groups for their problems; dominant groups blame subordinate groups for their problem; some people are predisposed to prejudice (all of the above)

scapegoat theory

suggests that the dominant group will displace its unfocused aggression onto a subordinate group

genocide

the deliberate annihilation of a targeted (usually subordinate) group

amalgamation

the process by which a minority group and a majority group combine to form a new group

assimilation

the process by which a minority individual or group takes on the characteristics of the dominant culture

social construction of race

the school of thought that race is not biologically identifiable