Ionic / Covalent Bonding Vocabulary
Electronegativety
A chemical property that describes the tendency of an atom or a functional group to attract electrons ( or electron density) towards itself thus the tendency to form negative ions
Ionic Bond
A type of chemical bond formed through an electrostatic attraction between teo oppositely charged ions
Lone Pair
A valence electron pair without bonding or sharing with other atoms
Anion
An Ion with more electrons than protons, giving it a net negative charge
Ion
An atom or molecule in which the total number of electrons is not equal to the total number of protons, giving it a net positivw or negative eletrical charge
Molecule
An electrically neutral group of at least two atoms held together by covalent chemical bonds
Cation
An ion with fewer electrons than protons, giving it a positive charge
Octet Rule
Atoms tend to combine to have eight electrons in their valence shells, giving them the same electron configuration as a noble gas
Single Bond
A bond in which a single pair of electroms is shared between a pair of atoms
Polyatomic Ion
A charged species (ion) composed of two or more atoms covalently bonded
Double Bond
A chemical bond between two chemical elements involving four bonding electrons instead of the usual two
Triple Bond
A chemical bond between two chemical elements involving six bonding electrons instead of the usual two
Acid
A chemical substance (typically, a corrosive or sour-tasting liquid) that neutralizes alkalis, dissolves some metals, and turns litmus red
Covalent Molecule
A compound in which the atoms that are bounded share electrons rather than transfer electrons from on or the other. These compounds are formed when two nonmetals bond to each other
Covalent Bonds
A form of chemical bonding that is characterized by the sharing of pairs of electrons between atoms
Bond Energy
A measure of bond strength in a chemical bond. It is the heat required to break one mole (unit) of molecules into their individual atoms
Bonding Pairs
A shared pair of electrons in a covalent bond
Central Atom
In a Lewis structure, usually the atom that is the least electronegative
Nomenclature
The body or systems of such names in a particular field
Valence Electron
The electrons of an atom that can participate in the formation of chemical bonds with other atoms. For most elements, these electrons are located in the outermost shell
Ionization Energy
The energy required to remove an elecrton from an atom
Base
The lowest part or edge of something, esp. the part on which it rests or is supported
Crystal Lattice Structure
The periodic and systematic arrangement of atoms that are found in crystals (ionic compounds)
Ionic Compound
The substance formed through electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged ions