Ionic / Covalent Bonding Vocabulary

Electronegativety

A chemical property that describes the tendency of an atom or a functional group to attract electrons ( or electron density) towards itself thus the tendency to form negative ions

Ionic Bond

A type of chemical bond formed through an electrostatic attraction between teo oppositely charged ions

Lone Pair

A valence electron pair without bonding or sharing with other atoms

Anion

An Ion with more electrons than protons, giving it a net negative charge

Ion

An atom or molecule in which the total number of electrons is not equal to the total number of protons, giving it a net positivw or negative eletrical charge

Molecule

An electrically neutral group of at least two atoms held together by covalent chemical bonds

Cation

An ion with fewer electrons than protons, giving it a positive charge

Octet Rule

Atoms tend to combine to have eight electrons in their valence shells, giving them the same electron configuration as a noble gas

Single Bond

A bond in which a single pair of electroms is shared between a pair of atoms

Polyatomic Ion

A charged species (ion) composed of two or more atoms covalently bonded

Double Bond

A chemical bond between two chemical elements involving four bonding electrons instead of the usual two

Triple Bond

A chemical bond between two chemical elements involving six bonding electrons instead of the usual two

Acid

A chemical substance (typically, a corrosive or sour-tasting liquid) that neutralizes alkalis, dissolves some metals, and turns litmus red

Covalent Molecule

A compound in which the atoms that are bounded share electrons rather than transfer electrons from on or the other. These compounds are formed when two nonmetals bond to each other

Covalent Bonds

A form of chemical bonding that is characterized by the sharing of pairs of electrons between atoms

Bond Energy

A measure of bond strength in a chemical bond. It is the heat required to break one mole (unit) of molecules into their individual atoms

Bonding Pairs

A shared pair of electrons in a covalent bond

Central Atom

In a Lewis structure, usually the atom that is the least electronegative

Nomenclature

The body or systems of such names in a particular field

Valence Electron

The electrons of an atom that can participate in the formation of chemical bonds with other atoms. For most elements, these electrons are located in the outermost shell

Ionization Energy

The energy required to remove an elecrton from an atom

Base

The lowest part or edge of something, esp. the part on which it rests or is supported

Crystal Lattice Structure

The periodic and systematic arrangement of atoms that are found in crystals (ionic compounds)

Ionic Compound

The substance formed through electrostatic attraction between two oppositely charged ions