IS201 - Chapter 7 Tutorial

The ____ is a top-level executive who helps the organization work with a knowledge management system to create, store, and use knowledge to achieve organizational goals.

CKO

____________________ is a process where the computer makes a decision, analyzes the results, and then makes a better decision based on the analysis.

Dynamic programming

No computer has passed the Turing Test that attempts to determine whether the responses from a computer with intelligent behavior are indistinguishable from responses from a trained, laboratory monkey.

False

One limitation of virtual reality systems is that they enable just one user at a time to move and react in a computer simulated environment.

False

____________________ workers are people who create, use, and disseminate knowledge.

Knowledge

____________________ is the development of mechanical or computer devices that perform tasks requiring a high degree of precision or that are tedious or hazardous for humans.

Robotics

____________________ is a voice-activated system developed by Ford Motor Company and Microsoft.

Sync

John McCarthy proposed the use of the term ____________________ to describe computers with the ability to mimic or duplicate the functions of the human brain.

artificial intelligence

Special purpose systems that help overcome disabilities or improve health are called ____.

assistive technology

When video files are played while being downloaded from the Internet, it is called ____.

video streaming

Some organizations and professions use ____________________ to create, store, and share knowledge.

communities of practice

CGI or ____________________ technology is used to bring realism to the movie screen.

computer-generate image

For many businesses, robots are used to do the three Ds, dull, dirty, and ____.

dangerous

The ____ is NOT a key component of an expert system.

data warehouse

The ____ is the person or group with the expertise or knowledge the expert is trying to capture.

domain expert

For some decisions, people use ____________________ which are rules of thumb arising from experience.

heuristics

The main purpose of the ____________________ is to provide a convenient and efficient means of capturing and storing all components of the knowledge base.

knowledge acquisition facility

The ____ stores all relevant information, data, rules, cases, and relationships that the expert system uses.

knowledge base

The ____________________ is the person who has training or experience in the design, development, implementation, and maintenance of an expert system.

knowledge engineer

Using a knowledge management system begins with locating the organiations knowledge often using a ____________________ that points the knowledge worker to the needed knowledge.

knowledge map

After knowledge is created, it is typically stored in a ____________________.

knowledge repository

The genetic algorithm approach is based on the theory of evolution that requires (1) variation and (2) ____.

natural selection

When audio files are being played while being downloaded from the Internet, it is called ____________________.

streaming audio

The haptic interface, relays the sense of ____ in the virtual world.

touch

____________________ is an approach to solving large, complex problems in which many repeated operations or models change and evolve until the best one emerges.

Genetic algorithm or Genetic program

____ involves converting sound waves into words.

Speech recognition

An expert system, using the knowledge acquisition facility, can indicate all the facts and rules that were used in reaching the conclusion.

False

Analog and older digital formats need not be converted into a newer digital format before they can be edited and processed by todays multimedia software.

False

As of this time, there are no practical business applications of the genetic algorithm problem solving approach.

False

Data mining and business intelligence are seldom used to capture the knowledge stored in a knowledge management system.

False

Expert systems cannot be used at a number of different locations at the same time by different sets of users.

False

____________________ is text, graphics, video, animation, audio, and other media that can be used to help an organization efficiently and effectively achieve its goals.

Multimedia

A new knowledge base must be built for each new expert system application.

True

A perceptive system allows a machine to approximate the way a person sees, hears, and feels objectives.

True

A study found that a consulting firm was able to earn greater than 1000% return on its knowledge management system.

True

After entering the appropriate attributes, the knowledge acquisition facility correctly stores information and relationships in the knowledge base, making the knowledge base easier and less expensive to set up and maintain.

True

An expert system can use cases to develop the solution to a problem by finding cases stored in the knowledge base that are similar to the problem at hand and then modifying the solution to the cases to fit the current problem.

True

Computeried AI chess software can learn to improve while playing human competitors.

True

Disadvantages associated with expert systems are that they can be difficult, expensive, and time consuming to develop.

True

Expert systems, robotics, vision systems, natural language processing, learning systems, and neural networks are all part of the broad field of artificial intelligence.

True

For over 20 years, expert system shells have been available to lessen the burden of programming, allowing nonprogrammers to develop and benefit from the use of expert systems.

True

Many groups use patents, copyrights, trade secrets, Internet firewalls to keep prying eyes from seeing important knowledge that is expensive and hard to create.

True

Many organizations actively attempt to convert tacit knowledge to explicit knowledge.

True

Neugents are neural intelligence agents that learn patterns and behaviors and predict what will happen next.

True

On the Internet, Java applets and animated GIF files can be used to create moving images.

True

Reinforcement learning is a learning system involving sequential decisions with learning taking place in between each decision.

True

Research is ongoing to develop a robotic suit to help paraplegics and stroke victims move so they can perform basic functions.

True

Research is ongoing to directly connect the human brain and have human thought control computer activities.

True

Secretaries, administrative assistants, bookkeepers, and similar data-entry people are often called data workers.

True

Software for expert systems development has evolved greatly since 1980, from traditional programming languages to expert system shells.

True

The technology used to create 3D movies is now being used to help design products and in 3D TV.

True

The user interface makes an expert system easier to both develop and use.

True

A(n) ____________________ system consists of hardware and software that stores knowledge and makes inferences, similar to an experienced and well trained worker.

expert

A(n) ____________________ system consists of hardware and software that stores knowledge and makes inferences, similar to those of a human expert.

expert

A(n) ____________________ is a collection of software packages and tools used to design, develop, implement, and maintain expert systems.

expert system shell

The expert system knowledge acquisition facility serves as an interface between ____.

experts and knowledge base

The ____ allows the expert system user to understand how the system arrived at its results.

explanation facility

In an expert system, the ____ is the component that delivers the expert advice.

inference engine

The purpose of the ____________________ is to seek information and relationships from the knowledge base and to provide answers, predictions, and suggestions similar to the way a human expert would.

inference engine

The ability to learn for experiences and apply knowledge acquired from those experiences, handle complex situations, solve problems when important information is missing, be creative and imaginative is considered to be ____________________.

intelligent behavior

At the initial artificial intelligence conference at Dartmouth College in 1956, many AI pioneers predicted that computers would be as smart as people by the ____.

1960s

____ has the potential to superimpose digital data over real photos do that GPS maps can be combined with real pictures of stores and streets to help you locate your position.

Augmented reality

____________________ knowledge is objective and can be measured and documented.

Explicit

A genetic algorithm can be used to search the vast resources of the Internet to find information on any topic.

False

A neural network uses heuristics, or rules of thumb, to arrive at a conclusion or make suggestions.

False

Although computers excel at numerical calculations, they are even better at dealing with symbols and three-dimensional objects.

False

____ involves the use of information systems to develop competitive strategies for people, organizations, or even countries.

Game theory

____ knowledge is hard to measure and document and typically is not objective or formalized.

Implicit

____ were early programming languages developed for and used in artificial intelligence applications.

LISP and PROLOG

____ is a combination of software and hardware that allows a computer to change how it functions or reacts to situation based on feedback it receives.

Learning systems

____________________ allows a computer to understand and react to statements and commands made in a natural language, such as English.

Natural language processing

____________________ is a computer system that can act like or simulate the functioning of a human brain.

Neural network

____ can process many pieces of data at the same time and learn to recognize patterns.

Neural networks

____ tags contain small chips with information about products or packages that can be quickly scanned to perform inventory control or trace a package as it moves through the supply chain.

RFID

____________________ are conditional statements that link conditions to actions or outcomes; in many instances, they are stored as IF-THEN statements.

Rules

____________________ systems immerse a user in a real world that is captured by video cameras at a distant locations and allow for remote manipulation of real objects by robot arms and manipulators.

Telepresence

____ is a file conversion program that can be used to compress multimedia files to make them easier to download from the Internet or send as an e-mail attachment.

WinZip

____ is an audio file format.

a. MP3 b. WAV c. MIDI d. All of the above

With ____________________, the user becomes fully immersed in an artificial, 3D world that is completely generated by the computer.

immersive virtual reality