ISM4220 Final Exam

Which of the following switches can be configured via a command-line interface or a web-based management GUI (graphical user interface)?

A managed switch

In which of the following forms of attack can an attacker redirect and capture secure transmissions as they occur?

On-path attack

Glenn, who is working as a network engineer, has been instructed to automate many tasks to work together in a complex and lengthy workflow. What is the term for this process?

Orchestration

Bilmain Manufactures has recruited you as a network administrator to handle the organization's network operations. You want to set up a class A IP address. What will be the subnet mask for this class A address?

255.0.0.0

What is the downtime per day for a system showing 99.9% availability?

1 minute and 26 seconds

What will be the number of hosts per subnet in a 255.255.255.240 IPv4 class C subnet mask?

14

Which of the following is a valid host IP address for a network ID of 191.254.0.0 using 11 bits for subnetting?

191.254.1.29

You, as a network administrator, are calculating the range of host IP addresses for a subnet (the targeted subnet). If the next subnet's network ID is 192.168.50.119, what is the targeted subnet's broadcast address?

192.168.50.118

The organization where you are currently working as a network administrator has a class A network address 10.0.0.0 with 40 subnets. You want to add another 60 new subnets to the network. You would like to still allow for the largest possible number of host IDs per subnet. Which of the following subnet masks will you choose in this scenario?

255.254.0.0

You are working as a network engineer for ABC Ltd. You have been instructed to translate the slash notation /20 into a subnet mask. Which of the following will you select?

255.255.240.0

The network administrator has asked you to subnet a network that has 5 subnets, each with at least 16 hosts. Which subnet mask would you use?

255.255.255.224

You as a network engineer want to create a subnet that supports 16 hosts. Which of the following subnet masks will you use in this scenario?

255.255.255.224

Calculate the total number of hosts per subnet that you can derive from the network ID 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.224.

30

Mr. X wants to use cellular technology that offers at least 5 Mbps of download speed. He consults you about this. Which of the following cellular technologies will you suggest?

5G

You are working on a network device that has a subnet mask of /26. How many IP addresses are available according to you?

62

How many bits are used in a network with a subnet of 255.0.0.0?

8

Lewis has been hired as an assistant to the head network administrator. He needs to understand the basic functioning of certain STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) features that will block BPDUs (Bridge Protocol Data Units) on any port serving network hosts. Which of the following will he use for such purposes?

A BPDU guard

HealthCity Nursing Home is a newly opened hospital with many employees, doctors, nurses, and support staff. The upper management of the hospital wants to draft a security policy that outlines the guidelines, rules, restrictions, and consequences of violations, all of which help minimize the risk involved in allowing restricted access to some users. The doctors who have access to protected patient information must be informed what they can and can't do with that patient data and what special precautions they must take to protect patients' privacy. Certain checks and balances must also be maintained and defined in the policy measures in detail. Which of the following security policies should be used in this scenario?

A PUA (privileged user agreement)

Which of the following is a distinct network of storage devices that communicate directly with each other and with other portions of the network?

A SAN

Chelsea is a hacker who befriends Adele McCain over lunch at the cafeteria. Adele is the senior associate of Spandangle Ltd., a private law firm based in Alabama. Chelsea manages to successfully guess Adele's password to a sensitive database in the law firm. What kind of password attack did she use?

A brute-force attack

Which of the following will help evenly distribute traffic to each device in a cluster so that every device carries a portion of the load?

A load balancer

The Centre for Equity Studies is a not-for-profit organization in Staten Island, New York, working in the human rights sector. Currently, because of the pandemic, the employees work from home. They work in association with three other initiatives, all of them involved in the same sector. Hence, there are a lot of resources that are routinely shared among all of them but not with the general public. You have been assigned the task of selecting one cloud model, keeping in mind the working conditions and the requirements of the users. Which of the following would suit this organization the most?

A community cloud

Which type of a recovery plan accounts for the worst-case scenarios and provides contingency plans for restoring or replacing computer systems, power, telephone systems, and paper-based files?

A disaster recovery plan

Darwin has purchased a laptop for the purpose of running his stock brokerage activities from home. He has contracted Navin, a network engineer, to install a software specifically for his workstation so that the software can protect the network from certain traffic. Analyze which of the following firewalls is best applicable in this scenario.

A host-based firewall

Ross is running a small data entry back office, for which he has contracted you for network management. Ross has made it very clear that because he has just started the company he wants to cut down on expenses wherever he can. One such option involves the router-he wants to exchange the router with a similar but less expensive alternative. Which of the following will you refer to Ross in such a situation?

A layer 3 switch

Scott & Wayne Law Associates is a private law firm in Atlanta specializing in cases involving violation of environmental laws. The firm currently has approximately 50 employees who all work on various matters and in different departments. You have been hired as a network administrator and tasked with finding a suitable cloud model for the firm. The firm is looking for a comparatively low-cost cloud model that can be accessed only by the employees and senior management but not its clients or third parties. Which of the following cloud models would you choose?

A private cloud

You have been hired as an assistant to the head network administrator in an ISP (Internet service provider). While setting up the network for one of your clients, he wants you to check whether sufficient security precautions have been taken to ensure none of the customer's switches becomes the ISP's root bridge. Which of the following will you use in this scenario to ensure that the appropriate security measures have been taken?

A root guard

Must Eat is a company that allows online food delivery. Must Eat rolls out updates every month for better user interface. Recently, after one of its updates, the network team of the company detects certain unauthorized access to the main data frame of the company. On inspection, the team notices that there has been no breach of sensitive data. What kind of cybersecurity exploitation was attempted by the hackers in this scenario?

A zero-day attack might have been the cause.

You are working on an IPv6 address 2608:FE10:1:AA:002:50FF:FE2B:E708. You want to create subnets within this IP address. Which of the following will you choose to alter when creating subnets for this address?

AA

Which of the following will act as a filter to instruct the router to permit or deny traffic from travelling through the network?

ACL

You are a network engineer at BHMS Ltd. The network administrator wants you to set up a security configuration for the router so that the router can accept or decline certain packets depending on their information. Which of the following will you use in such a scenario?

ACL

Which form of communication is well suited to users who receive more information from the network than they send to it?

ADSL

An organization hires you to handle the security policies of the organization. In order to protect the organization's network from data breaches and potential hacks, you decide to draft a policy that will require the employees of the organization to adhere to a certain set of rules while accessing the network's resources. To ensure that these rules are followed without fail, you decide to impose certain penalties for situations where violations may occur. Which of the following will help you achieve these standards?

AUP

You are employed as a network administrator of Vincent Motors. An unreleased blueprint of a new car model of Vincent Motors has been leaked on the Internet. You assume that an intruder must have succeeded in gaining access to your network in order to copy the blueprint. Which of the following access control techniques will you use so that such an activity can be detected in the future?

Accounting

Which of the following is not a technique used in a closed-loop response to an existing congestion?

Admission policy

Andy Bryant is a network analyst at Freewoods Centre for Policy Research. There are approximately 35 employees currently working on various issues of policy making and research, and this requires access to the network's resources. He has been asked to set a list of dos and don'ts for all the employees to clarify what is acceptable use of company IT resources and what is not. He also needs to explain penalties for violations and describe how these measures protect the network's security. Analyze which of the following security policies Andy should implement in this scenario.

An AUP (acceptable use policy)

The HR manager of Veep Communications notices a lot of employees waste valuable time surfing social media websites. The HR manager requests you (a network administrator) to prevent the employees' access to these websites. Which of the following firewalls will you use in this scenario?

Application layer firewall

You have been working as a network engineer with an organization. You have decided to implement information access control to limit the users and devices that can get to your data and other network resources. For this purpose, you plan on using a username and password as a measure of security to grant any user access to your organization's resources. Which of the elements of the AAAA acronym will you use to apply this security measure?

Authentication

Ground Movers Ltd., a courier service provider, has recently encountered certain breaches that have led to packages being stolen and damaged. The company has contracted you, a network analyst, to fix this issue. You plan on installing a device that will be able to provide constant or periodic collection of information. This information can then be used by the management control software for monitoring and reporting. Which of the following devices will you install for Ground Movers Ltd.?

Asset tags

Youhan has been placed as the security in charge of an organization. Which of the following should he use to monitor the movement and condition of equipment, inventory, and people?

Asset tags

Analyze which of the following can be used to establish a static VLAN assignment for a device.

Assigning a VLAN based on the switch port the device is connected to

One of the employees in your organization is suspected of hacking into the network. You as a network administrator want to check the user's activity for the last week. Which of the following will you use in such a scenario?

Audit log

Hilary is an employee of Munich Securities. The HR manager has received a complaint from one of her fellow employees about her misusing her account. You as a network administrator want to conduct a user configuration check to ensure that there are no vulnerabilities to the network configuration. Which of the elements of the AAAA acronym will you use to apply this security measure?

Auditing

Identify which of the following terms defines the process of verifying a user's credentials.

Authentication

In order to achieve the utmost fault tolerance, as a network administrator, you want to ensure that critical devices are all equipped with redundant NICs, routers, and processors, which are able to immediately assume the duties of an identical component in case one of the components fails. Which of the following will help you ensure these devices contain the necessary components you require?

Automatic failover

Which of the following IGPs supports large networks, calculates more efficient best paths than RIPs, and uses algorithms that prevent routing loops?

OSPF

Beevan works as a network analyzer for an ISP. The network manager has asked him to use a protocol for the routers that can scan beyond the home territory and can instruct a group of routers to prefer one route over other available routes. Analyze which of the following should be used in this scenario.

BGP

You have been working as the network administrator for JP Steels. In order to cut down on operating costs, you plan to install a firewall's OS (operating system) in a VM on an inexpensive server, instead of purchasing an expensive hardware firewall to protect a LAN. Hence, you no longer require a firewall that runs on its own OS. Which of the following firewalls will you purchase in this scenario?

Barracuda's Cloudgen firewall device

Which of the following devices scans an individual's unique physical characters such as iris color patterns to verify the person's identity?

Biometrics

In which of the following modes will a vNIC access a physical network using the host machine's NIC?

Bridged mode

Donald is a schoolteacher living in Atlanta. While conducting online classes, he experienced a momentary decrease in voltage. His computer shut down and when he switched it back on, he realized that he had lost some data. He called his friend Chadwick who is a network analyst to check out what the issue was. Chadwick found that there was a power flaw caused by an overtaxed electrical system. Such voltage decreases can cause computers or applications to fail and potentially corrupt data. What kind of power flaw caused this issue in Donald's house?

Brownout

Which of the following power flaws is also called a sag?

Brownout

SMCS School has hired you to set up an Internet connection within the school premises. The Internet connection will be utilized by both the junior and senior sections of the school situated in two different buildings on the same campus. Which of the following types of network will you install in this scenario?

CAN

Which of the following protocols allows a pool of computers or interfaces to share one or more IP addresses?

CARP

Which of the following devices serves as the endpoint for a dedicated connection between an ISP and a customer?

CSU/DSU

Kickstart Securities provides network analysis and safety measurement services to various clients. Recently, one of its clients has requested a technician to run a cross-check on the network system to ensure that there are no vulnerabilities that are exposed. You have been sent in to assess the situation and fix the errors if there are any. Which of the following will you use in such a scenario to track the vulnerabilities across systems?

CVE

The University of Claudine plans on opening a new IT division for underprivileged students so that it can offer education free of cost to them. However, the university wants to ensure that there are no data breaches, so it has requested the network administrator to handle the configurations of the computers in order to comply with the organizational policies. Analyze which of the following practices the university should adopt in this scenario so that the network securities are not compromised.

CYOD

James, a network engineer, has been contracted by a company to monitor network performance. In order to know and analyze any problem in a network, James will need to understand how the network functions in a normal state. Analyze which of the following will be of use to James in this scenario.

Checking the network's performance baseline

William has been working as a senior networking professional at Mediaworks Ltd. The company has a very strict policy regarding employees' access to certain key rooms in the organization. The company wants William to provide a specific access technology to only a few selected employees so that they can access those certain rooms. Which of the following options are best suited for William in this scenario?

Cipher Lock

Which of the following methods requires the entry of a code to open a door?

Cipher lock

Which of the following terms refers to the technique of grouping redundant resources such as servers so they appear as a single device to the rest of the network?

Clustering

Your network administrator wants you, a network analyst, to partition a VLAN broadcast domain. However, he has asked you to ensure that the host can connect with the Internet. Which of the following will you use in this scenario?

Community VLAN

Which bandwidth management technique adjusts the way network devices respond to indications of network performance issues caused by traffic congestion throughout a network?

Congestion control

For over a decade, Ramanathan has been working as a network engineer in an MNC that uses FC (Fibre Channel) networking architecture. His primary duty is to ensure that there are no issues in the network connections between servers and SAN (storage area network) devices, so that maximum throughput is achieved at all times. Recently, one of the connections of the FC device to the network malfunctioned, which Ramanathan has to fix. Analyze which of the following Ramanathan should do in this scenario.

Connect the FC devices to the network through HBAs

Examine the following circumstances as a network analyst and analyze in which of the following conditions MANs (metropolitan area networks) cannot be useful.

Connecting a clothing manufacturer to sell its products to customers worldwide

Which of the following steps of an incident response plan includes the team working to limit the damage, isolate affected systems or areas, and call response staff in as required by the situation?

Containment

You as a network administrator want to have a check on the ARP (address resolution protocol) vulnerabilities in your organization so that you can prevent possible ARP spoofing attacks. Which of the following will you use in this scenario?

DAI

You as a network administrator want a switch to determine if the message's source IP address is appropriately matched with its source MAC address according to DHCP assignments on the network. Which of the following switch security configurations will you use alongside DAI on a network switch in this scenario?

DHCP snooping

You are working as a network engineer with an ISP. A query has come to you from a client who requires a guarantee of minimum uptime percentages if the service goes down. Which of the following will you choose in this scenario?

DIA

Which of the following is a type of DoS (denial-of-service) attack that is bounced off uninfected computers before being directed at the target?

DRDoS attack

Which of the following devices contains ports to connect both to an incoming telephone line and to a computer or network connectivity device?

DSL modem

Which of the following carries user-generated traffic, such as email, web browsing, or database updates?

Data VLAN

Game Zone is a well-known games park located in Manhattan that allows gamers to engage in multiplayer competitions. The competitions function smoothly on the opening day, but on the following days, there are multiple instances of the computers getting disconnected temporarily from the wireless network. These connections however function normally when they are reconnected. Which type of attack is this most likely to be?

Deauth attack

Murphy Communications has been running a VLAN-managed network to connect different devices. You as a network analyst want to assign a name to the VLAN network, but you are unable to do so. What kind of VLAN is most likely being used in the organization?

Default VLAN

JVC Corporations is a multinational company that has a variety of products worldwide. You are working as a network engineer with the network management team of the company. The network administrator has requested you to submit a network document after subdividing the smaller network of Human Resources into a separate network segment so that it is convenient for troubleshooting. Under which of the following groupings will you place this network segment in this scenario?

Departmental boundaries

Gary is a freelance network analyst. A client approaches him to provide a solution for his firm wherein employees have been found to carry sensitive information out of the office premises. This data breach has led to a lot of market speculations as a result of which there has been a significant drop in the share market prices of the company's stocks. Gary is contracted to find a solution to this issue. Analyze which of the following options should be carried out by Gary keeping in mind the sensitivity of the situation.

Deploy a DLP solution

You have been hired as a systems analyst by an online food delivering service. Your job requires you to keep the network congestion free during peak hours and to ensure that important traffic can survive the congestion while less sensitive frames are discarded. Which of the following techniques will you use in such a scenario?

Discarding policy

Jilead Inc. is a software development company that is preparing an incident response plan to prepare for possible events such as a break-in, fire, weather-related emergency, hacking attack, discovery of illegal content or activity on an employee's computer, malware outbreak, or a full-scale environmental disaster that shuts down businesses throughout the city or state. The response plan has identified the members of the response team and the responsibilities have been assigned and clearly spelled out to each team member. Stanley Hudson has been entrusted with the responsibility of being the person on call who first notices or is alerted to the problem. He has to create a record for the incident, detailing the time it began, its symptoms, and any other pertinent information about the situation. He must remain available at all times to answer calls from clients or employees. What is the role that Stanley has been assigned?

Dispatcher

Which of the following is not a social engineering strategy?

DoS

A fraudulent financial deal has just taken place in the company where you are working as a network administrator. The data of the company will be collected in such a way that it can be presented in a court of law for the purpose of prosecution. Some of the forensic data available for analysis may be damaged or destroyed if improperly handled. You have been assigned the duty to safeguard sensitive information, logged data, and other legal evidence until the first responder or incident response team can take over the collection of evidence. To prevent contamination of evidence, you have made sure that each device involved is isolated-that is, the device is disconnected from the network and secured to ensure that no one else has contact with it until the response team arrives. What is the next step that you will take in the event of such an illegal activity?

Document the scene.

Fox Agro, a small business, faces network congestion and connection failures, which affect the network. As a result, the quality of performance of the unit gets adversely affected. You are appointed as a network administrator to determine the best solution to this problem. Which type of routing path will you use to solve this problem?

Dynamic route

Identify which router connects an autonomous system with an outside network, also called an untrusted network.

Edge router

A network connection is congested resulting in network fluctuations and latency issues. Which of the following is a technique used to alleviate the congestion that involves a congested networking device that alters existing data packets to indicate to either the sender or the receiver that the network is congested?

Explicit signaling

Which of the following refers to any router outside an organization's AS(autonomous system), such as a router on the Internet backbone?

Exterior router

The IT department of Mascom Telecom has requested you to fix an error that seems to have been associated with a possible malware attack. This particular malware file seems to have attacked the operating system files on the computer. Which of the following should you use to avoid or alert such an attack in the future?

FIM

Which of the following VLANs receives all untagged frames from untagged ports?

Native VLAN

Jasper Infotech have an issue with their network system-a malfunctioning NIC on a router caused network outages. They have hired you specifically to ensure that the network system does not collapse when there is an unexpected hardware or software malfunction. Which of the following terms will you refer to while fixing this issue for Jasper Infotech?

Fault tolerance

Which of the following technologies selectively filters or blocks traffic between networks?

Firewall

Basil Telecommunications have hired you as a network manager for providing a network system that will include redundant processors, backup generators, and earthquake-resilient installation. You have decided that the average downtime per year cannot be more than 5 minutes 15 seconds. Which of the following will you use in this scenario?

Five 9s

BNB Group of Institutions has been facing a lot of issues with its network ever since it decided to adopt online classes as a medium to impart education. The IT department analyzes the issue and is of the opinion that the problems are related to the high amount of traffic due to students trying to log in from various locations; as a result, the network devices are overloaded. The IT department has requested your help as a network administrator. Which of the following bandwidth management techniques will you suggest in this scenario?

Flow control

Which of the following bandwidth management techniques limits the traffic between two devices to ensure the receiver is not overwhelmed with the sender's rate of data transmission?

Flow control

You have been appointed to design a subnet mask for a network. The current IP address of the network is 192.168.89.0. You have been requested by the network administrator to divide this local network into nine subnets to correspond to the organization's nine different floors. How many bits will you borrow from the host portion of the ID address in this scenario?

Four bits

LTE (Long-Term Evolution) and LTE-A (LTE advanced) are variations of which generation of cellular network?

Fourth generation

Phillips is a trainee who is currently on probation at ICP Solutions. Under which of the following groupings will he classify the network segment of the floors of a building connected by a LAN?

Geographic locations

You are working as an executive for a cable company. A client raises a request to set up a network that uses fiber-optic cabling to connect your company's distribution center to distribution hubs and then to optical nodes near its customers. From the following network options, which one would you recommend in the given scenario?

HFC

Kristen has plans of starting an online food delivery company. She plans on making the company one of the most secured portals for online food delivery. She hires Brad, a network consultant, to guide her through the necessary security protocols. Brad conducts all the necessary security checks and involves a white hat hacker too to point out any vulnerability that might be overlooked. Analyze if Brad needs to conduct any other risk assessment procedures in this scenario.

He should conduct a vendor risk assessment.

Zeneth Computers is a software development company. It has received a random email claiming that there will be an attempt to hack and extract sensitive financial data of the company before the year end. The company has contacted you, a network analyst, to verify if such claims are indeed true. You have decided to set up a trap for the hackers by putting up a system containing false financial data. Which of the following will you use in this scenario?

Honeypot

Michelle has been inducted into an organization as a trainee. Which of the following firewall software should she use to protect only the computer on which it is installed?

Host-based firewall

Which of the following creates and manages a VM (virtual machine) and allocates hardware resources for the host and any of its guest VMs?

Hypervisor

Which of the following stands in-line between the attacker and the targeted network or host where it can prevent traffic from reaching that network or host?

IPS

HomeLand is an organization that rescues abandoned dogs. They set up a hotline for the general public to report any street dog that they spot anywhere in the city or any dog that they feel needs to be rescued. Within 12 hours of the hotline being activated, the network starts experiencing congestion, messages are corrupted or dropped, and connected devices start resending frames to make up for the loss. These kinds of problems are overwhelming the network as a whole. This generates even more traffic, making the congestion even worse. Which closed-loop congestion control technique can be used by a device to detect congestion on the network after experiencing several missed acknowledgment messages?

Implicit signaling

Brown Industries consults you to review and check for faults in the recently installed port-based VLAN network on its premises. The VLAN has been segmented according to Brown Industries' departments such as Sales, Finance, and Marketing. On inspection, you realize that a virtual sales client, which should have been plugged into port 6, has been plugged into port 1, which is reserved for marketing clients. What kind of configuration error are you facing in this situation?

Incorrect VLAN assignment

Mason, a new network engineer in your organization, has set up the configuration of the switch ports to other network devices. On inspection, you, the network administrator, realize that the configuration has been made using access mode instead of trunk mode. What kind of a configuration error are you facing in this situation?

Incorrect port mode

Which of the following backs up only the data that has changed since the last backup?

Incremental backup

Your network administrator has asked you to change the subnet mask of the Cisco router used in the organization. Which of the following Cisco CLI modes would you apply in this scenario?

Interface configuration

You are hired as a network administrator to monitor an organization's network status on an ongoing basis and to make changes to best meet the needs of your network's users. One feedback that you have received from the network engineer of the firm is that one of the modems is repeatedly power cycling to reset network activity. Which of the following KPIs will help you in getting a better understanding of the situation?

Interface statistics

Cloud computing offers many significant advantages and opportunities for expansion, but it has its disadvantages as well. Which of the following options is the cheapest and simplest alternative to a cloud?

Internet

In the formula 2 n = Y, what does n represent?

It is the number of bits that must be switched from the host address to the network ID.

You are working as a network engineer for an ISP. You have successfully set up a home Internet connection for a client. The ISP requires the network engineers to provide a document with specifications and tests that the customer can run on their own to check various aspects of their connectivity. However, in the document that you provided you forgot to mention the functionality of speedtest.net in the document. So, the client calls you with a query about the use of speedtest.net. Which of the following will be your reply to the client in this scenario?

It is used for bandwidth speed tests.

You are working as a network engineer at IBV Solutions. The network administrator tells you to use the network monitoring solution to prepare a report of all the devices that are seen as always retransmitting. Which of the following terms relates to this situation where a device with a bad NIC handles electrical signals improperly negatively impacting the rest of the network?

Jabber

Which of the following issues keys to clients during initial authentication?

KDC

To ensure better security measures for the computers used in your organization, you, as a network administrator, have decided to update the passwords of each computer on a weekly basis. But managing and changing the passwords for all the computers is a tiresome task. Hence, you decide to apply a security measure with the help of a password management software. Which of the following software will you use in this scenario?

LastPass

James has been appointed as the service manager in one of the outlets for Grason Communication, which sells switches and routers. A client approaches James with a query from a network provider who is requesting for an alternative router that is less expensive and will work within layer 5 and layer 7 in the OSI (open systems interconnection) model. Analyze which of the following options James should present to his client in this scenario.

Layer 4 switches

Bradley has been running a business in his garage for over a period of 10 years. He plans on expanding the business by opening up three new offices in three different cities. Since he has accumulated sufficient profits to move to a larger office space, he plans to upgrade his network connection to one with a dedicated and symmetrical bandwidth. Bradley approaches Mantle Solutions, an ISP. Which of the following options should be offered by the ISP in this scenario?

Leased lines

Huey Dewey Ltd. is a talent management company with over a hundred employees. Gary has been appointed as a system analyst to ensure security across the office networks during and after the period of employment. Some user accounts are given privileged access, which allows the users to perform more sensitive tasks, such as viewing or changing financial information, making configuration changes, or adjusting access privileges for other users. Analyze which of the following security precautions Gary should implement so that he can avoid users logging into the accounts even after their termination.

Limited duration

You, as a network engineer, have recently established a network connection for three separate department buildings in a university. One of the departments has complained that the signal strength it receives is not the same as the signal strength the other two buildings receive. Which of the following will you use in this scenario?

Line drivers

Crom Breweries is an old client of HW Internet Solutions. Crom's IT department calls HW Solutions to inform that the interface is down. HW Solutions sends a network analyst to check the situation. The network analyst assumes that an employee must have shut down the interface. He applies the show interface command to get an overview of all the devices interfaces. Analyze which of the following will help the network analyst to know whether the interface was shut down.

Link state

As a network administrator, you have asked one of the contracted vendors of the company to ship a consignment of spare parts and components of all the network devices. You have decided to place this order to store the devices for a rainy day. Now, as the consignment has been received by your organization, you want to store these devices in a secure location. Which of the following will you use in this scenario?

Locking cabinets

A network administrator has asked Robin, a network engineer, to use OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) along with RIP (Routing Information Protocol) on an edge router in a network so that it demands more memory and CPU power for calculations but keeps network bandwidth to a minimum with a very fast convergence time. Identify and analyze which characteristic of OSPF signifies this.

Low overhead, fast convergence

Which authorization method grants access to a user when the user's classification and category match those of a resource?

MAC

The organization where you have been working as a network analyst decides to provide BYOD (bring your own device) options to the employees to cut down on its operating costs. The company has asked you to handle the BYOD policies and the necessary documentation. You have decided to install a software that will automatically handle the configuration process for the wireless clients when they require network access. Which of the following will you use in such a scenario?

MDM

Rodri has been contracted by an ISP to set up an IPv6 address for MIL Ltd. The RIR (regional Internet registry) has assigned the ISP a block of 32-bit routing prefix. The ISP will provide MIL Ltd. with a /48 site prefix. Analyze which of the following scenarios will help Rodri in calculating the total number of possible subnets.

MIL Ltd. can create up to 65,536 subnets.

Which of the following statements about MPLS (multiprotocol label switching) is not true?

MPLS does not offer any decreased latency.

You have been working with an ISP (Internet service provider) as a network engineer. You have made multiple WAN (wide area network) connections over a period of time. Recently, you have received complaints from various clients about network failure, which is having an effect on their day-to-day business. This network failure is primarily caused by some bugs in a few of the network devices. In order to protect your clientele, you have decided to provide an additional information sheet that will specifically state the amount of time you will take to fix the issue. Which of the following will you use to calculate the average amount of time required to repair the faulty device?

MTTR

Which of the following can be used to provide administrative access to a switch?

Management VLAN

Identify which of the following designations can be associated with a member who coordinates the resources necessary to solve a problem and also ensures that the security policy is followed and that everyone within the organization is aware of the situation?

Manager

Which cloud characteristic allows a provider to limit or charge by the amount of bandwidth, processing power, storage space, or client connections available to customers?

Measured service

Which of the following testing tools combines known scanning and exploit techniques to explore potentially new attack routes?

Metasploit

As a network administrator, you want to modernize your network with modular software running on standard server platforms. You want to start by replacing traditional, custom-designed network equipment. You also wish to have flexible, cost-saving options for many types of network devices, including virtual servers, data storage, load balancers, and firewalls. Which of the following will you use in such a scenario?

NFV

As a network administrator of your company, you have decided to implement redundant connections between network devices to solve problems like network bottlenecks. You have decided to implement this change so that multiple network interfaces and ports can act as one logical interface and focus on increasing total throughput and better load balancing. Which of the following will you use to implement this change in your Windows devices?

NIC teaming

MNT Enterprises has hired you as a network administrator to help the organization design a more comprehensive traffic analysis and protection tool to protect the entire network from hackers trying to flood the network with traffic. Which of the following will you use in this situation?

NIPS

You, as a network engineer, want to have an insight into your network's weaknesses that need attention. You want to search for devices with open ports indicating which insecure service might be used to craft an attack and identify unencrypted sensitive data. Which of the following scanning tools will you use in this scenario?

Nessus

Which of the following is used to create flow records that show relationships among various traffic types?

NetFlow

Which of the following monitors network traffic and might receive data from monitored devices that are configured to report their statistics?

Network monitor

You are working as a network administrator, and you want to conduct simulated attacks on a network to determine its weaknesses. To do so, you want to check for open ports so that you can remote in using that port and craft an attack. Which of the following software will you use to scan for open ports in this scenario?

Nmap

You have been appointed as a network administrator at JJ Securities. The CEO of the company has requested your presence to address some security concerns. The CEO feels that certain members of the senior management who have access to privileged accounts might be under serious social engineering attacks by potential hackers. So, the CEO wants you to monitor the activities of these privileged accounts. Which of the following software will you use in this situation?

PAM

Which of these DoS (denial-of-service) attacks damages a device's firmware beyond repair?

PDoS

You are working as a network analyst at BBM Infotech. The entire network of computers in the organization had recently been at the receiving end of an attempted hack that eventually turned out to be unsuccessful. However, certain computer systems have sustained sufficient damages. After inspection, it has been found that the firmware in few of the switches has been completely damaged because of the attack. What kind of an attack is this most likely to be?

PDoS attack

As a developer, you need frequent access to multiple platforms during the development process. Rather than purchasing and maintaining a separate device for each platform, you have decided to avail the cloud service option. You are looking to build and test the applications within these virtual, online environments, which are tailored to the specific needs of the project. The cloud service model should have servers that provide only the resources needed to run an application and also allow customers to run their code directly in the cloud without having to manage a server environment at all. Which of the following cloud service models do you think would be appropriate considering your requirements?

PaaS

Which KPI (key performance indicator) results in delayed network communications while devices wait for responses or resend transmissions?

Packet drops

Bryden is a network analyst who has been recruited into Big Bay Burger's security management. Which of the following terminologies must he use to explain to the company's employees about the possibility of someone using a deception in following them into a restricted area?

Piggybacking

Which network monitoring method can be used to ensure that all traffic sent to any port on a switch is also sent to a device connected to the mirrored port?

Port mirroring

Analyze which of the following is true about a default VLAN.

Ports in default VLAN can be reassigned to other VLANs.

Which of the following cloud models makes resources available to users through a WAN connection?

Private cloud

Francine, a new network administrator at an online thrift store, is required to use an application that monitors traffic on the interface between a single device and the network. The application must be able to see the traffic the switch sends to it, which includes broadcast traffic and traffic specifically addressed to the one computer. Which of the following methods should Francine use to monitor the network traffic?

Protocol analyzer

Global ISP has received the tender for a project that requires the company to run a fiber connection to provide Internet connection to 120 families in an area simultaneously. Analyze which of the following would be feasible for Globe ISP in this scenario.

Providing the connection using FTTN

Valiant is an NGO that has very strong opinions against the government. It has faced a number of legal notices and its IP address has been blocked numerous times for voicing out dissent on online forums and social media. Valiant has requested your help as a network analyst to find a way around this problem so that it won't receive any more legal notices due to IP address tracking. Which of the following methods will you use in this scenario?

Proxy server

Trevor is working as a network engineer at Spring Oaks High School. The school's management has been facing some issues while handling network traffic. Trevor wants to check the bandwidth as he assumes that the issues faced by the management are related to bandwidth errors. Which of the following technologies should Trevor use to ensure some traffic gets priority over other traffic so the most important traffic gets through even during times of congestion?

QoS

At a security training exercise, you had to devise a strategy to penetrate into an organization's data room by accessing one of their employee's ID cards. You decided to demonstrate this exercise by offering a free gift to one of the employees in exchange for a few hours of data room access. Which kind of social engineering method have you used in such a scenario?

Quid pro qu

As a network administrator, you are already aware of the possible option of using a default trust relationship between a network device and another by a hacker to access an entire network. Which of the following security measures will you use to prevent a possible DoS attack that can be induced by sending high volumes of router advertisement messages?

RA guard

Which authorization method allows a network administrator to receive from a user's supervisor a detailed description of the roles or jobs the user performs for the organization?

RBAC

You are working as a technical specialist for an ISP. The network administrator has asked you to set up a router for a client with a routing protocol that will use a distance-vector algorithm and is limited to 15 hops. Which of the following will you use?

RIPv2

Which of the following protocols can detect and correct link failures in milliseconds?

RSTP

You run a website called Offhand that sells exclusive handmade home decor items. On Mother's Day, the website unexpectedly receives a burst of traffic following the marketing campaign designed for this occasion. Thankfully, you are equipped with a good cloud service model and hence you are able to increase the cloud resources the website needs without disrupting your web services. Which of the following cloud characteristics helped you manage the situation easily?

Rapid elasticity

Which of the following steps of an incident response plan involves the process of repairing affected systems and putting them back in operation to ensure the smooth running of operations?

Recovery

You are the network administrator in Jolene Consultancy Pvt. Ltd., a small consultancy in Missouri. You have been assigned the task of monitoring network traffic in the systems. You must ensure that many devices can be configured to report their traffic and other statistics to a network monitor. Which of the following would you use in this scenario?

Reporting

In which of the following phases of the social engineering attack cycle will an attacker require the most time investment?

Research

Fred works as the network administrator at Globecomm Communications. The HR team at Globecomm has come up with a new working policy for the employees. This policy allows the employees to freely work at any time of the day as long as they submit the work within 24 hours. Keeping this policy in view, Fred has to work on strengthening the security of the network by adding additional authentication restrictions. Analyze which of the following Fred should do in this scenario.

Restrict some user accounts to a specific number of hours of logged-on time

Which of the following policies helps reduce increasing congestion caused by devices attempting to resend lost packets too quickly or too often?

Retransmission policy

You are a network analyst who has been tasked with managing the volume of network traffic across an organization in order to prevent network congestion. On analyzing the current network, you notice that one of the primary reasons for congestion is that devices keep resending data packets that have been lost in the transmission far too quickly. Which of the following would best help solve this issue?

Retransmission policy

Goldwin Enterprises has hired you as a network administrator to monitor the network environment and to ensure that the network functions reliably. To monitor environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, power, smoke, and more, you will require a hardware/software solution that will display sensor data on a configurable dashboard. Which of the following products will you request from the management?

Room Alert Monitor by AVTECH

You are currently working as a network engineer at GHP Ltd. The network administrator tells you to change a default route and apply the best route available so that the path to the destination can be shortened. Which of the following will help you in doing so?

Routing cost

What is an Ethernet packet that is smaller than 64 bytes called?

Runt

You are a network analyst at a securities firm. You have to assign an identifier to each VLAN used in the network so that the connecting devices can identify which VLAN a transmission belongs to. Which of the following will you use in such a situation?

SAID

An ISP's headquarters is located in Philadelphia, and it has a branch office in Canada. The ISP wants to ship an edge device to the branch location where a non-technical person can plug in the device without any configuration needed on-site. Which of the following should be used in this scenario?

SD-WAN

XYZ Ltd. is a company that has 12 regional offices around the world. All the major operations of the company are carried out from the headquarters based in New York. XYZ Ltd. has approached you, a network facilitator, to install a WAN service that can manage network configurations at multiple locations throughout the world. Which of the following WAN services would you advise to XYZ Ltd. in this scenario?

SD-WAN

Browski is a company that deals with SD-WAN (software-defined wide area network) units. The management of Browski wants to present an audio-video presentation at one of the network exhibitions to demonstrate its new product. As a network administrator working there, you have been asked to go through a few pointers in the presentation to verify the accuracy of the content. Analyze if any of these aspects do not apply to SD-WAN.

SD-WAN can be more expensive than leased lines.

Which of the following versions is the most recent iteration of SHA (Secure Hash Algorithm), which was developed by private designers for a public competition in 2012?

SHA-3

Which of the following will you use to monitor and analyze data stored in logs?

SIEM

An organization determined that there was an increase in network latency, and it approached you, a network administrator, to solve the issue. You decide that the extra demand on the network device's CPU and memory should be lessened to solve this issue. You also plan on getting a comprehensive view of the network traffic and sample traffic as well. Which of the following will you use in this scenario?

SNMP

You as a network administrator plan on using an NIDS (network-based intrusion detection system) to protect your network. You plan on doing this by monitoring the traffic that will be carried by a switch. Which of the following will you use in such a scenario?

SPAN

You have been working as a network administrator at Yong Solutions, which is an ISP (Internet service provider). The switches used in the storage network of the ISP essentially use the STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) for detecting link failures. You have been asked to upgrade the STP because repeated reports of network transmissions being bogged down have been received. Which of the following will you use in this scenario?

SPB

The 3-2-1-1 Rule defines backup principles to follow to reliably recover lost data under a wide variety of adverse conditions. What does the "2" in the second part of the principle denote?

Save backups on at least two different media types

Identify the current name of a DMZ (demilitarized zone).

Screened subnet

Which of the following is a device or an application that stores or generates information known only to its authorized user?

Security token

Which of the following anti-malware software will slow down your network performance considerably?

Server-based

As a network administrator, Murphy wants to add additional layers of security to prevent hackers from penetrating the network. To achieve this, he plans on adding additional authentication restrictions to mitigate brute-force password attacks and strengthen network security. Analyze which of the following he should do in this context to provide the most benefit.

Set a limit on consecutive login attempts

An IDS (intrusion detection system) has been installed in your organization as a stand-alone device to monitor network traffic and to generate alerts about suspicious activities. You as a network analyst have been assigned to check the effectiveness of the device. You notice that the effectiveness of the IDS has significantly come down since its installation because it has not been updated. Which of the following processes will you use in updating the IDS?

Signature management

What is the term used to identify the first four blocks that normally help to identify a network?

Site prefix

The managing director of Seviicco Laminates wants to secure certain financial documents that can only be accessed by him and the finance team of the organization. He wants to install a sophisticated authentication process so that the documents are extremely safe. You have been contracted as a network analyst for this project. After having an overview of the office premises, you decide to provide this security via a specific barcode that will be used as a key to access the documents. Which of the following access control technologies will you install in this scenario?

Smart locker

Which of the following is a more intelligent version of an NIU (network interface unit)?

Smartjack

Which of the following refers to a division of labor that ensures no one person can singlehandedly compromise the security of data, finances, or other resources?

SoD

You as a network analyst want to make certain changes to a VLAN database, and you want these changes to be reflected in all the other switches in the network. Which of the following will you use?

Stack master

Which of the following firewalls manages each incoming packet as a stand-alone entity without regard to currently active connections?

Stateless firewall

Which of the following will you use to assign a VLAN based on the switch port the device is connected to?

Static VLAN assignment

Krypton Spares and Parts is an MNC dealing in motorcycle spare parts. The administration department of the company has constantly been complaining of severe network issues, and you have been hired to fix the issues. On inspection, it has come to your notice that these network fluctuations are primarily because of flooding attacks from broadcast and multicast traffic. Which of the following do you plan on using to fix this issue?

Storm control

Which power device prevents momentary increase in voltage due to lightning strikes, solar flares, or electrical problems?

Surge protector

An attack has been detected in your network system by one of the network engineers. Analyzing the attack, you come to know that the system was accessed through one of the switches where the hacker fed his own VLAN traffic into the port and accessed the network. What kind of an attack have has been experienced in this scenario?

Switch spoofing

You are the network engineer for Muhan Mobile Services. The network administrator has asked you to separate the authentication, auditing, and authorization process. Which of the following tools will you use in such a scenario?

TACACS+

Which of the following can capture all traffic traversing a network connection?

TAP

As a network analyst, you have to separate the digital communication of data in a GSM network. Which of the following will you use in this scenario?

TDMA

Which of the following is used to issue tickets to an authenticated client for access to services on the network?

TGS

Which of the following is a multipath link-state protocol?

TRILL

White Hawks runs a baseball stadium, and it would like to set up a network that has a reasonable level of availability and effectiveness so that fans can receive a close and strong signal throughput when they watch a game. Analyze which of the following statements will help in understanding why a 5G service is ideal in this scenario.

The cell density for the network must be close.

You already have a running network in your organization, but because of the recent influx of network traffic and as a network engineer, you want to take a more organized approach in designing the network so that every device can function optimally. You have decided to add highly efficient multilayer switches to pass traffic in and out of a few backbone ports as quickly as possible. Which of the following layers of the network architecture will you use to bring in this change to your network?

The core layer

The headquarters of BBK Solutions has detected a possible attack with the help of VLAN tags. Mathews is the head of the Network Administration department in BBK Solutions, and he has to come up with security measures to prevent such instances from occurring in the future. Which of the following security measures should Matthews consider keeping the VLAN pathway as the primary focus?

The default VLAN should not be used.

Which of the following planes is made up of the physical or virtual devices that receive and send network messages on their way to their destinations?

The infrastructure plane

You are working as one of the network administrators of Wells & Welsh Associates. The company wants to provide network administrators with more centralized control of network settings and management. For this reason, the department has decided to use an SDN (software-defined networking) controller to allow network administrators to remotely manage network devices and monitor data collected about these devices. Which plane of the SDN will enable you to allow such a feature?

The management plane

You are a network administrator at Yosaka & Associates, a private law firm. The employees have been facing various types of data errors and other transmission problems, leading to decreased productivity. You need to find an appropriate technique that will help identify locations of network bottlenecks. Which of the following techniques would you choose in such a scenario?

Traffic analysis

Agar is a network analyst at BMV, a mobile network. He efficiently manages the network's QoS (Quality of Service) configurations for adjusting the priority a network assigns to various types of transmissions. He ensures timely delivery of the most important traffic while optimizing performance for all users. The management at BMV wants to conduct a pilot test for a new product, and they have requested Agar to limit the momentary throughput rate for an interface. Analyze which of the following Agar should use in this scenario.

Traffic policing

You are working with an ISP, and you have to impose a maximum cap limit to each client so that your company can predict and purchase accordingly from the network provider. Which of the following terms will you associate with this process?

Traffic policing

You have been invited to the University of Bert to deliver a lecture on network security. In your presentation, you want to focus solely on malware that can harm a system or its resources by disguising itself as something useful. Which of the following categories of malware would be best suited to demonstrate such an example?

Trojan horse

The network administrator has instructed you to set up multiple logical VLANs to receive and transmit data. He has asked you to connect one of the switches to a router so that the interface can manage the traffic from multiple VLANs. Which of the following will you use in this scenario?

Trunking

Globcom is a call center operating in California. It has hired you as a network administrator to set up a voice VLAN to ensure the quality of voice transmissions. Which of the following will not be of immediate priority while setting up the VLAN connection?

Untagged frames

Valentina is employed under the network management team at Iris Global Services, which is a software management firm. Following a recent hacking attempt at its office, the network administrator wants her to cross-check whether security precautions have been enabled on the STP interfaces so that the information transmitted by the BPDUs can be protected. On inspection, she discovers that the security precautions have not been configured. Analyze what Valentina should do in order to prevent a rogue switch or computer connected to one of these ports from hijacking the network's STP paths.

Use a BPDU guard to block BPDUs

Johnathan is the network engineer of an organization that restricts the use of certain webpages. As he does not have any pending work, he decides to take a break and watch a movie online until a task is assigned to him. Analyze which of the following actions is best suited for him in this situation so that the IP address of the organization is not compromised.

Use proxy servers to mask Internet activities

Moses wants to update the interface of a router. He plans on having a check on the current running configuration file and then wants to copy the running configuration file to the startup configuration file. Analyze which CLI mode Moses must use in this scenario.

Use the privileged EXEC mode to apply the changes

Nathan has plans of opening a call center. He will require a network connection that will have a bare minimum of 3 Gbps upstream and at least 8 Gbps downstream throughput. Analyze which of the following will provide a solution to Nathan.

Using a DOCSIS 4.0 for maximum throughput

As a network administrator, a client has approached you to set up the network for MKV, a software company. The company requires sufficient amounts of data for both uploading and downloading purposes; however, it prefers a connection that has better download speed. Which of the following DSL varieties do you think is best suited for such a requirement?

VDSL

Which of the following will allow subnets to be further subdivided into smaller and smaller groupings until each subnet is about the same size as the necessary IP address space?

VLSM

You, as a network administrator, plan on running a trial for a beta version of an application. The idea is to install the application on a guest machine. You plan on doing this because you would rather have the untested software cause errors on the guest machine than on the host. Which of the following will you use in this instance?

VirtualBox

Hammond Industries has appointed Gavin as the network administrator to set up a complete secured and flawless network throughout the office premises. One of the employees has come to him to fix an error message that keeps popping up every time he tries to open the web browser. He also states that this error started popping up after the external hard drive had been used to transfer some of the necessary documents to the HR's office. Analyze what kind of malware might possibly be behind this error.

Virus

Which of the following terms identifies the weakness of a system that could lead to compromised information or unauthorized access?

Vulnerability

Which of the following traverses a significant distance and usually supports very high data throughput?

WAN

You are working as a network analyzer for an ISP. A client has approached you to set up a network connection for a bank with offices around the state. The network needs to connect these offices with each other in order to gather transaction and account information into a central database. Which of the following connections will you provide in this scenario?

WAN

The implicit deny rule would apply to which of the following statements?

When the incoming packet does not match any of the criteria given in the statements in the ACL

Robert has been working as a network security expert for Indus Grow Wealth Management, which allows its clients to view their current loan status online. With the recent cases of attempted hacks in banking systems, Robert has decided to test the security systems by hiring hackers to try and analyze the security risks at Grow Wealth Management. Analyze who among the following would best suit Robert's requirement in this scenario.

White hat hackers

In which of the following do the binary bits work opposite of how bits in a subnet mask work?

Wildcard mask

Rob has enrolled himself as a network security trainee in JV Internet Securities. Which of the following terms should he know to understand the advantage taken of a software vulnerability that hasn't yet or only very recently become public?

Zero-day exploit

When a router connects to a switch that supports multiple VLANs, it is sometimes called _____.

a router-on-a-stick

Which of the following commands is used to assign a statement to an ACL on Cisco routers?

access-list

As a network analyst, you want the ACL (access control list) to forward the ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) traffic from host machine 2.2.2.2 to host machine 5.5.5.5. Which of the following commands will you use in this scenario?

access-list acl_2 permit icmp host 2.2.2.2 host 5.5.5.5

Blue Whale is an e-commerce website that has hired you as part of the network management team. The network administrator has delegated one of his tasks to you, which requires you to allow and configure more than one MAC address in one of the ports. Which of the following commands will help you complete the task at hand?

allowed-mac

A system of documentation that makes it possible for a third party to inspect evidence later and understand the flow of events is called _____.

an audit trail

Yugen is a network administrator who is in the process of configuring CoPP (control plane policing) on a router. In this scenario, ICMP (Internet Network Control Protocol) traffic is permitted with no limits from one trusted device. All other ICMP traffic is limited and, when exceeding that limit, is dropped. Analyze which of the following commands Yugen should use to create a class map named limit-icmp that will classify traffic according to defined criteria such as an ACL.

class-map limit-icmp

Subnetting, which alters the rules of classful IPv4 addressing, is known as _____.

classless addressing

A special kind of DoS (denial of service) attack has attacked an AAA server with authentication requests that must all be processed and responded to. The network administrator has analyzed the situation and requested you, a network engineer, to use a command by which you can reclaim compromised resources in case of a similar attack in the future. Which of the following commands will you use in this scenario?

floodguard

You as a network engineer have finished setting up local security policies for your Windows 10 operating system. Which of the following commands will you use to implement your changes in this scenario?

gpudate

Which of the following commands can be used to change a device's name?

hostname

You have been assigned the role of a network administrator, and you would like to use a free, simple CLI-based tool to measure the throughput between two computers on your local network. Which of the following tools best meets this need?

iPerf

Which of the following network technologies uses a transport layer protocol that runs on top of TCP to allow fast transmissions over LANs, WANs, and the Internet?

iSCSI

Suppose you notice a sudden decrease in network performance and suspect malware is hogging network resources. Which of the following is a Windows command will you can use to display the PID (process identifier) associated with each network connection?

netstat -o

Bruno is a network engineer who is tasked with adding a separate layer of protection to the control plane of a router. He wants messages with a bps (bits per second) rate below the threshold 8000 to be transmitted and the messages with a threshold above 8000 to be dropped. Analyze which of the following commands Bruno should use in pmap configuration mode in this scenario.

police 8000 conform-action transmit exceed-action drop

You are working as a network engineer at Krofter Securities. The organization uses Cisco's Linux OS in all of its workstations. The network administrator has asked you to use the route utility to delete some static routes used by the router. Which of the following commands will you use in this scenario?

route

You are employed as a network engineer. While setting up a client's connection, the client requests you to display trunks configured on a switch. Which of the following commands will you use in this scenario?

sh int tr

You are employed as a network engineer. While setting up a client's connection, the client requests you to display the concise network layer information of the device interface that is being installed. Which of the following commands will you use in this scenario?

sh ip int br

Which of the following commands lists a router's routing table information?

show ip route

As a network administrator of Wheeling Communications, you have to ensure that the switches used in the organization are secured and there is trusted access to the entire network. In order to maintain this security standard, you have decided to disable all the unused physical and virtual ports on your Huawei switches. Which of the following commands will you use to bring your plan to action?

shutdown

You as a network administrator want to protect the network from unauthorized traffic, and for this reason, you decide to change the native VLAN to an unused VLAN so that the untagged traffic is essentially directed toward a dead-end. Which of the following commands will you use to do this on a Cisco switch?

switchport trunk native vlan

The part which identifies the network in an IPv4 address is known as _____.

the network ID