IST 110 Penn State - Exam 1 Dr. K

Virtual Reality

the computer-generated simulation of a three-dimensional image or environment that can be interacted with in a seemingly real or physical way by a person using special electronic equipment, such as a helmet with a screen inside or gloves fitted with sensors.

ENIAC

the earliest electronic general-purpose computers made

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

the electronic circuitry within a computer that carries out the instructions of a computer program by performing the basic arithmetic, logical, control and input/output (I/O) operations specified by the instructions

Usability

the extent to which a product can be used by specified users to achieve specified goals with effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction in a specified context of use

Moore's Law

the observation that the number of transistors in a dense integrated circuit doubles approximately every two years

Browser

A browser is an application program that provides a way to look at and interact with all the information on the World Wide Web

IIOT

Also known as the Industrial Internet, IIoT incorporates machine learning and big data technology, harnessing the sensor data, machine-to-machine (M2M) communication and automation technologies that have existed in industrial settings for years.

Information Science

An interdisciplinary field primarily concerned with the analysis, collection, classification, manipulation, storage, retrieval, movement, dissemination, and protection of information.

User Experience Design

is the process of enhancing user satisfaction with a product by improving the usability, accessibility, and pleasure provided in the interaction with the product.

Alan Turing

The first individual to develop software or programs that could be used to do a task

Number of IOT devices in 2020

~50 Billion

graphics card

processes computer graphics. More powerful graphics cards are better suited to handle strenuous tasks, such as playing intensive video games.

Cache

a hardware or software component that stores data so future requests for that data can be served faster; the data stored in a cache might be the result of an earlier computation, or the duplicate of data stored elsewhere

Binary Numbers

a number expressed in the binary numeral system or base-2 numeral system which represents numeric values using two different symbols: typically 0 (zero) and 1 (one). The base-2 system is a positional notation with a radix of 2

Intranet

a private network accessible only to an organization's staff

Augmented Reality

a technology that superimposes a computer-generated image on a user's view of the real world, thus providing a composite view.

GUI

a type of user interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices through graphical icons and visual indicators such as secondary notation, instead of text-based user interfaces, typed command labels or text navigation.

Extranet

a website that allows controlled access to partners, vendors and suppliers or an authorized set of customers - normally to a subset of the information accessible from an organization's intranet

Tor

aims to conceal its users' identities and their online activity from surveillance and traffic analysis by separating identification and routing. It is an implementation of onion routing, which encrypts and then randomly bounces communications through a network of relays run by volunteers around the globe.

Spiders/crawlers

an Internet bot which systematically browses the World Wide Web, typically for the purpose of Web indexing (web spidering).

DuckDuckGo

an Internet search engine that emphasizes protecting searchers' privacy and avoiding the filter bubble of personalized search results.

Turing Machine

an abstract machine that manipulates symbols on a strip of tape according to a table of rules; to be more exact, it is a mathematical model of computation that defines such a device

Indexing

refers to various methods for indexing the contents of a website or of the Internet as a whole

ROM

stores the BIOS that runs when the computer is powered on or otherwise begins execution, a process known as Bootstrapping, or "booting" or "booting up."

RAM (random access memory)

stores the code and data that are being actively accessed by the CPU.

Ontology

an ontology formally represents knowledge as a set of concepts within a domain, and the relationships between those concepts

Hard Drive

data storage device that uses magnetic storage to store and retrieve digital information using one or more rigid rapidly rotating disks (platters) coated with magnetic material

Optical Drive

disk drive that uses laser light or electromagnetic waves within or near the visible light spectrum as part of the process of reading or writing data to or from optical discs.

UX/UI

http://blog.careerfoundry.com/ui-design/the-difference-between-ux-and-ui-design-a-laymans-guide/

Chinese Thought Room

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_room

Roles of IS professionals

https://psu.pb.unizin.org/ist110/chapter/1-2-information-science-careers/

Precursors to Web Search

https://psu.pb.unizin.org/ist110/chapter/2-2-search-engine-optimization/

major Algorithm Advances

https://psu.pb.unizin.org/ist110/chapter/2-2-search-engine-optimization/

Personalized Searches

https://psu.pb.unizin.org/ist110/chapter/2-3-personalized-search/

Friendly World Syndrome

https://psu.pb.unizin.org/ist110/chapter/2-4-search-neutrality/

Internet of Things (IOT)

https://psu.pb.unizin.org/ist110/chapter/3-1-applications-of-the-iot/

Privacy concerns

https://psu.pb.unizin.org/ist110/chapter/3-4-privacy-and-security-within-the-iot/

Design Theories (Rational vs. Action-Centric)

https://psu.pb.unizin.org/ist110/chapter/5-1-introduction-to-design/

Human Computer Interaction

https://psu.pb.unizin.org/ist110/chapter/5-2-human-computer-interaction/

User interface/graphical interface

https://psu.pb.unizin.org/ist110/chapter/5-2-human-computer-interaction/

Cognitive Science

https://psu.pb.unizin.org/ist110/chapter/5-3-emotional-design/

4 basic computer functions

input, processing, output and storage

Artificial Intelligence

intelligence exhibited by machines. In computer science, the field of AI research defines itself as the study of "intelligent agents": any device that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its chance of success at some goal

SEO

Search engine optimization is a methodology of strategies, techniques and tactics used to increase the amount of visitors to a website by obtaining a high-ranking placement in the search results page of a search engine (SERP) -- including Google, Bing, Yahoo and other search engines.

Internet regulations

?

LAN

A local area network (LAN) is a network that connects computers and other devices in a relatively small area, typically a single building or a group of buildings.

WAN

A wide area network (WAN) is a telecommunications network or computer network that extends over a large geographical distance

Tim Berners-Lee

British Computer Scientist who develop the World Wide Web.

Larry Page and Sergey Brin

CoFounders of Google

Paul Otlet

Early information scientist who wanted catalog all the facts in the world. Card catalog system became known as the Repertoire Biblographique Universel.

IPV4 vs IPV6

IPv6 is the sixth revision to the Internet Protocol and the successor to IPv4. It functions similarly to IPv4 in that it provides the unique, numerical IP addresses necessary for Internet-enabled devices to communicate. However, it does sport one major difference: it utilizes 128-bit addresses

John M. Carroll

Penn State IST faculty member. Founder of the study of human-computer interaction

Motherboard

The motherboard is the main component of a computer. It is a large rectangular board with integrated circuitry that connects the other parts of the computer including the CPU, the RAM, the disk drives (CD, DVD,hard disk, or any others) as well as any peripherals connected via the ports or the expansion slots.

Don Norman

Widely regarded for his expertise in the fields of design, usability engineering, and cognitive science

Punch Cards

You know what these are

Microprocessor

a computer processor which incorporates the functions of a computer's central processing unit (CPU) on a single integrated circuit (IC),[1] or at most a few integrated circuits