Chapter 9-11 assignment

A young man of Jewish affiliation moves to New York City to find a job. Seeing no reason to "go it alone," he calls everyone he knows from both his mother's and father's side of the family, and attends various meetings to which he is invited. He is invited to multiple events and gatherings by virtue of his being related to various ancestors on both parents' side. These groups support him when he runs out of money and help him find an apartment and a job. We can say that he is a member of either a bilateral descent group or which of the following?

Ambilineal

Which of the following is a special form of social class in which membership is determined by birth and remains fixed for life?

Caste

Which of the following characteristics would be most important in an Indian family's selection of a bride for their son?

Character

In the Biocultural Connection box Maori Origins, what was the focus of the research on the Maori people?

Connecting DNA types with the people's origin myths

Because Nayar women live with their dependent offspring and their brothers, they are considered what type of family?

Consanguineal

Social classes are closed in _____, where membership in hierarchically ranked groups known as castes is determined by birth and remains fixed for life according to social and religious mandates.

India

In _____ kinship terminology, the term "brother" is given to ego's brother, father's brother's son, and mother's sister's song; a different term is used for the sons of father's sister and mother's brother. "Mother" refers to ego's mother and mother's sister; "father" refers to ego's father and father's brother. Separate terms are used for mother's brother and father's sister.

Iroquois

Detailed census records made in Roman Egypt show that brother-sister marriages among members of the non-royal farming class were common. What light does this shed on the incest taboo?

It demonstrates that despite the human tendency to avoid inbreeding, it occasionally occurs and may even be preferred.

What are honor killings?

Murder condoned by the genealogical group in order to retaliate for shame of unapproved sexual activity

Members of a moiety

belong to one of two major descent groups in a society.

The designation of various life stages for an individual is the basis for

challenging religious ideology.

The woman-woman marriage custom found in sub-Saharan Africa is associated with all of the following except:

enables the women to engage in sexual activity with each other.

What type of family is typically found among traditional horticultural, agricultural, and pastoral societies around the world? a. Nuclear

extended

A marriage of a woman to a woman in sub-Saharan Africa is a ceremony that legitimizes a homosexual relationship.

f

All societies offer the chance of social mobility.

f

Because they are usually in more sociable positions, women tend to have more common-interest associations than men. a. True

f

In American society, age does not play a role in social organization.

f

Kindred and bilateral descent can be used interchangeably since they mean the same thing.

f

Matrilineal societies are matriarchal—that is, women have the primary authority.

f

Matrilocal residence is when the couple lives with the husband's mother.

f

Two or more people related by blood, marriage, or adoption are called a(n)

family

A totem is all of the following except:

found in all societies that have lineages.

The French anthropologist Claude Levi-Strauss says that the incest taboo is universal because

humans have learned to establish alliances with strangers and thereby share and develop culture.

Regarding cousin marriage, which of the following statements is incorrect?

in the U.S., some states have no laws prohibiting marriage between relatives.

In Tibet, a young man lives with his older brother, who is married. The younger brother eventually begins to think about setting up his own tent and taking his share of the yak and fields of grass. One night, his brother's wife gives him her necklace. In Tibetan culture, this is an invitation for him to become her second husband. If he accepts, he will remain with his brother and share the same tent. This type of marriage is called

polyandry.

All of the following are associated with polygyny except:

shows the lower status of men than women in these societies.

An important source of contacts in trying to arrange an Indian marriage is/are

social clubs.

In the U.S., any project requiring a federal permit or license, or using federal funds, by law must be preceded by a(n)

social impact statement.

The ability to change one's class position is called

social mobility.

In India, it is understood that matches (marriages) would be arranged only within the same caste and general social class.

t

It is estimated that in the U.S. today that some 100,000 people live in polygynous households.

t

Recently, in North America, there has been a dramatic increase in common-interest associations.

t

Same-sex couples are also considered to be a nuclear family.

t

The Dalits are also known as the Sudras in the caste system.

t

The Han in China have a patrilineal descent system that is very much a "man's world."

t

The Hawaiian form of kinship is the least complex.

t

The Western ideal that an individual should be free to marry whomever he or she chooses is not universally embraced.

t

The eruv is a Jewish communal space.

t

The social rules and cultural meanings of all sexual behavior are subject to great variability from one society to another.

t

Totemism is associated with clan organizations.

t

Descent groups are associated with all of the following except:

they make all laws for the state.

If two people are given the same kinship term, this means that

they occupy a similar family status.

In many cultures, the social position of an individual in a specific life stage is commonly marked by each of the following except:

weight

An extended unilineal descent group whose members claim descent from a common ancestor but who cannot trace their genealogical links to that ancestor is called a(n)

clan

A boy is born into a society that practices matrilineal descent. The person who exercises authority over him is

d. his mother's brother.

What is an eruv?

A Jewish communal space

In which of the following circumstances would you expect to find the custom of bride price?

A bride and groom go to live with the groom's people

When a society proscribes sexual relations among those it considers too closely related, these are rules of

exogamy

Marriage by proxy, such as that which might occur with a prisoner, a dead partner for inheritance reasons, or between those separated by deployment, is called

fictive marriage.

The splitting of a descent group into two or more entities is called

fission

A involved becomes entitled to bear children is also called contract in which a woman and man establish a continuing claim to the right of sexual access to one another and in which the woman

marriage.

All of the following are common reasons why women have traditionally been less involved in common-interest association than men except:

low level of interest in social activities.

Clans, because they may have members living in many different villages, depend on _____ to provide symbolic identification and promote solidarity.

totems

An example of group marriage would be

traditional spouse exchange among the Inupiat Eskimo where adult members have sexual access to each other.

Bilateral descent is commonly found among all of the following except:

tribal societies.

All of the following statements about sexual behavior among the Trobrianders is correct except:

when the couple is ready to be married, they appear outside the woman's household.

In the current digital age, there are common associations based on virtual communities, including Facebook, which has approximately how many subscribers worldwide?

1 billion

Among the Tiriki of East Africa, each of the age grades last approximately how many years?

15

What percentage of known societies has rules regulating that sexual involvement only take place within marriage?

15

In the U.S., approximately what percentage of marriages ends in divorce?

40

The people to whom you are related by marriage are considered what type of kinship?

Affinal

The Hawaiian system of kinship terminology is usually associated with what type of descent?

Ambilineal

What U.S. organization exists so that Ghanaians can maintain their cultural identification with their local chiefs in Africa?

Asanteman Association of the USA

North Americans assume that they are related equally to the relatives on both the mother's and father's side. The group composed of such people to whom these individuals feel that they belong is called what kind of descent group?

Bilateral

The gangs known as "Bloods" and "Crips" are examples of which of the following?

Common-interest associations

Among the Yako of Nigeria, an individual might inherit grazing lands from his father's patrilineal group, and livestock and ritual knowledge from his mother's matrilineal group. This is an example of which kind of descent?

Double

In which kinship terminology are ego's "brother" and "sister" distinguished from "cousins" and both father's brother and mother's brother are given the same kinship term, "uncle"?

Eskimo

You are a member of a Ju/'hoansi hunter-gatherer band. Which of the following statements demonstrates that you belong to an egalitarian society as opposed to a stratified society?

Even though you are a poor hunter, you have as much right to receive food from your fellow band members as a good hunter does.

Which anthropologist worked with the Aroostook band of Micmacs in Maine?

Harald Prins

What is the world's longest surviving social hierarchy that encompasses a complex ranking of social groups on the basis of ritual purity?

Hindu caste system

What is the primary significance of the African Burial Project?

It has provided information on the physical brutality of slavery and the attempt of various Africans to retain their cultures even through burial rituals

Among the Hopi, which of the following functions as a landholding corporation, allocating land for the support of member households?

Lineages

Which cultural group has an age grade that has the eunoto ceremony to mark the passage from Warrior age grade to that of Junior adults, able to marry and start families?

Maasai

Among the _____ of the Amazon, men not only work apart from women, but eat and sleep separately as well.

Mundurucu

Among which group do same-sex marriages provide acceptable positions in society for individuals who might otherwise be marginalized?

Nandi

In what country do we find aboriginal Maori people?

New Zealand

A society in which older people are treated with high levels of respect as repositories of great cultural wisdom and teachings is most likely to be associated with which of the following?

Oral tradition

Among the Han, brothers and their sons were part of the same household and paternal uncles were like second fathers. What type of descent is this?

Patrilineal

The North American life stages of toddlerhood, teenager, adult, and senior citizen are also known as

age grades.

Why did Jews establish eruvin more than 2,000 years ago?

To allow them to adhere to their religious laws

What was the primary purpose of advocacy anthropology among the Micmac?

To help them obtain official tribal recognition

Which of the following is not a factor in determining what caste one is assigned in the Indian caste system?

Wealth

You belong to a patrilineal descent group. Which of the following belong(s) to the same group?

Your father's sister

All of the following statements about Han genealogy are correct except

a. the tsu is a corporate kin group that traces its ancestry back about five generations through the female line.

When the economy is based on _____ and when the man does most of the productive work, the bride's people may give a dowry that protects the woman against desertion. Dowry is also a statement of her economic status.

agriculture

Anthropologist Sue Ellen Jacobs did a social impact assessment regarding a water diversion project in New Mexico and indicated all of the following problems and risks except:

decreased government land control.

One area that is most changing the composition of families today is that of

development of new reproductive technologies.

Marriage within a particular group of individuals is called

endogamy

All of the following are types of descent except:

institution

Polygyny

is possible only when a man is fairly wealthy.

All of the following statements regarding a lineage are correct except:

it always involves a totem.

Which of the following is not a Maori cultural concept?

namus

In industrial and postindustrial societies, such as the United States, the most common form of residence after marriage is

neolocal

Families can be consanguine or conjugal. The conjugal family has many forms. One type of conjugal family is the _____, consisting of the husband, wife, and dependent children.

nuclear family

The word apartheid, the abolished racial segregation practice in South Africa, means _____ in Afrikaans/Dutch.

separation

Although all societies have some kind of incest taboo, the relationship which is considered incestuous may vary. Concepts of incest seem to be related to a group's definitions of endogamy and exogamy, thus suggesting that incest taboos may help to promote:

stability of the family.

All societies have cultural rules to regulate sexual relations.

t

One of the functions of dowry is to ensure a woman's support in widowhood.

t

A positive side effect to restricting sexual behavior is that it may also limit

the spread of sexually-transmitted diseases.

If you are a member of a patrilineal descent group,

your sisters belong to the same patrilineal descent group that you do.