it essentials ch 10
Java API (Application Programming Interface)
Collection of existing classes provided as part of the Java programming language
Network Installation
Software installation from a shared network resource. This includes Preboot Execution Environment (PXE) Installation, Unattended Installation, and Remote Installation.
device driver
Software that facilitates the communication between a device and the operating system.
Safe Mode with Command Prompt
Starts Windows and loads the command prompt instead of the GUI.
Safe mode with networking
Starts Windows in Safe Mode with networking support.
data migration
the ability to transfer user data and system settings from an old operating system to a new one
64 bit (x86-64) processors
- adds additional registers specifically for instructions that use the 64 bit address space -is backwards compatible with the 32- bit processor -supports 32 and 64 bit os -supports 32 and 64 bit applications can store 2^64 different binary values. can directly address 18,446,744,073,709,551,615 bytes.
CDFS (Compact Disc File System)
A file system used on optical discs and widely supported by different operating systems.
Multithreading
A program can be broken into smaller parts that are loaded as needed by the operating system. allows different parts of a program to be run at the same time.
32-bit (x86-32) processors
-processes multiple instructions using a 32-bit address space -supports maximum of 4 GB of RAM memory -supports 32 bit os only -supports 32 bit applications only can store 2^32 different binary values. can directly address 4,294,967,295 bytes.
Safemode
A diagnostic mode used to troubleshoot Windows and Windows startup issues. Functionality is limited as many device drivers are not loaded.
Application Management
A role of the operating system that manages applications or programs that are installed on a system. allocates available system resources to running application Applications are run, configured, and deleted through application management.
Advanced Startup Options
A set of tools that allow users to troubleshoot, recover, or restore an operating system when it cannot boot.
PCmover Express
A tool for transferring selected files, folders, profiles, and applications from an old Windows PC to a Windows 10 PC.
USMT (User State Migration Tool)
Command Line program created by microsoft that collects all user data and settings and saves outside of OS area. After new install, run again to load data and settings for users. designed to capture user accounts, files, operating systems settings, and application settings and migrate them to a new windows installation
exFAT (FAT64)
Created to address some of the limitations of FAT, FAT32, and NTFS when formatting USB flash drives, such as file size and directory size. can support files larger than 4GB. mainly used for USB flash drives
choosing best OS for a customer
Does the customer use off-the-shelf applications for this computer? Off-the-shelf applications specify a list of compatible operating systems on the application package. Does the customer use customized applications that were programmed specifically for the customer? If the customer is using a customized application, the programmer of that application specifies which OS to use.
Last Known Good Configuration
Loads the configuration settings that were used the last time that Windows started successfully. It does this by accessing a copy of the registry that is created for this purpose. isn't useful unless deployed after an emergency has occured
windows os minimum hardware requirements
Processor: 1GHz or faster RAM: 1 GB for 32 bit and 2 GB for 64 bit Hard drive space: 16 GB for 32 bit and 20 GB for 64 bit graphics card: DirectX9 or later with WDDM 1.0 driver display: 800X600 (windows 8) and 1024x768 for (windows 10) internet connection: used for updates and some features
NTFS (New Technology File System)
Supports partition sizes up to 16 exabytes, in theory. incorporates file system security features and extended attributes. Windows 8.1, Windows 7, and Windows 10 automatically create a partition using the entire hard drive. If a user does not create custom partitions using the New option, as shown in the figure, the system formats the partition and begins installing Windows. If users create a partition, they will be able to determine the size of the partition.
FAT32 (File Allocation Table)
Supports partition sizes up to 2 TB or 2,048 GB. file system used by Windows XP and earlier OS versions.
hardware access
The OS manages the interaction between applications and the hardware.
multitasking
The computer is capable of operating multiple applications at the same time.
multi user
Two or more users have individual accounts that allow them to work with programs and peripheral devices at the same time.
windows 10
The newest version of Microsoft Windows, which is a popular and widely used operating system. over 12 versions that cater to the needs of consumers, businesses, and education environments
Multiprocessing
The operating system can support two or more CPUs.
inplace upgrade
The simplest path to upgrade a PC that is currently running Windows 7 or Windows 8.1 to Windows 10
recovery partition
This contains an image that can be used to restore the computer to its original configuration.
Other Types of Custom Installations
This includes Windows Advanced Startup Options, Refresh your PC (Windows 8.x only), System Restore, Upgrade, Repair installation, Remote network installation, Recovery partition, and Refresh/restore.
Image-based Internal partition Installation
This is a Windows image stored on an internal (often hidden) partition that can be used to restore Windows to its original state when it was shipped from the factory.
windows 8.1
This is an update for Windows 8. The update includes improvements to make Windows more familiar for the users with devices that use touch or mouse and keyboard interfaces.
setup.exe
To perform a Windows Unattended installation
clean install
Used to install Windows on a new hard drive or to overwrite the existing operating system and applications when installing Windows on a hard drive that already has Windows installed.
windows 8
Version of Windows noted for the Metro interface. Used for desktop and portable PCs and for mobile devices. aimed at business and technical professionals
Perform a clean install
When a computer is passed from one employee to another When the OS is corrupt When the primary hard drive is replaced in a computer
image
a file that contains all data from a partition
PXE (preboot execution environment)
a special environment must be used to boot the computer, connect to the network, and communicate with the server to begin the installation process b/c the computer has no OS. NIC must be enabled
OS (Operating System)
act as an interface between the user and the hardware connected to the computer. boots the computer and manages the file system. can support more than one user, task, or CPU. also controls other functions: Software resources Memory allocation and all peripheral devices Common services to computer application software
unattended network installation
allows a Windows system to be installed or upgraded with little user intervention. installation is based on an answer file. This file contains simple text that instructs Windows Setup how to configure and install the OS. setup.exe must be run with the user options found in the answer file. The installation process begins as usual but instead of prompting the user, Setup uses the answers listed in the answer file.
API(Application Programming Interface)
allows programs to access the resources managed by the os ex. open graphics library (OpenGL) -cross platform standard specifications for multimedia graphics DirectX -collection of API related to multimedia task for microsoft windows Windows API -provides app developers w/ user interface controls,file management and graphical elements, such as scroll bars and dialog boxes Java APIs -
SSO (Single Sign-On)
allows users to log in once to access all system resources versus requiring them to log in each time they need to access an individual one.
logical drive
an independent section of an extended partition used to separate and organize data not found on GPTs
Two of the most popular partition scheme standards
master boot record (MBR) and globally unique identifier (GUID) partition table (GPT).
Sysprep (System Preparation Tool)
can be used to install and configure the same OS on multiple computers. program used to prepare the os w/ different hardware configurations to install and configure the same os on multiple computers technicians can quickly install the OS, complete the last configuration steps, and then install applications.
Windows Easy Transfer
can migrate personal files and settings from windows 7 and 8 to 8.1 not available for windows 10 and replaced by pcmover express
DirectX
collection of API related to multimedia task for microsoft windows
registers
component of a CPU architecture that allows the CPU immediate access to data? memory locations that are part of the architecture of a CPU. They provide a storage location for the logical functions performed on data.
MBR (Master Boot Record)
contains information on how the hard drive partitions are organized. 512 bytes long and contains boot loader identifies the Volume Boot Record (VBR) supports a maximum primary partition of 2TB and allows four primary partitions per drive. commonly used in computers with BIOS-based firmware.
basic disk
contains primary and extended partitions as well as logical drives. is limited to 4 partitions (the default) contains partitions such as primary and extended as well as logical drives which are formatted for data storage. More space can be added to a partition by extending it into adjacent, unallocated space, as long as it is contiguous. Either MBR or GPT can be used as the underlying partition scheme of basic disks.
primary partition
contains the operating system files and is usually the first partition. Cannot be subdivided into smaller sections and 4 per hard drive gpt= all partitions are primary mbr= max 4 primary partitions
OS Basic Functions
control hardware access manage files and folders user interface application management
OpenGL (Open Graphics Library)
cross platform standard specifications for multi media graphics
GUID Partition Table (GPT)
designed as a partition table scheme standard for hard drives supports a maximum of 128 primary partitions per drive. max partition size 9.4 ZB makes use of a number of modern techniques to expand on the older MBR partitioning scheme. is commonly used in computers with UEFI firmware. Most modern operating systems now support GPT
most common installation method for home and small buisness
external media such as DVDs or USB drives.
two most common types of data storage devices used today
hard disk drives flash memory-based drives such as solid-state hard drives and USB drives.
partition scheme
has direct influence in the location of the operating systems on a disk. Finding and launching the operating system is one of the responsibilities of computer firmware. The partition scheme is very important to the firmware
administer account
have complete control over a computer. Users with this type of account can change settings globally, install programs, get through the User Account Control (UAC) when elevation to perform a task is required.
user accounts
have limited control over a computer. Users with this type of account can run applications, but they cannot install programs. A standard user account can change system settings but only settings that do not affect other user accounts
Windows 10 update assistant
installs and runs directly on the computer being upgraded. The tool will walk the user through all the steps in the Windows 10 setup process. It is designed to prepare your computer for upgrading by checking for compatibility issues and downloading all necessary files to start the install.
NFS (Network File System)
is a network-based file system, that allows file access over the network. From the user's standpoint, there is no difference between accessing a file stored locally or on another computer on the network. is an open standard which allows anyone to implement it.
device manager
is used to locate device problems and install the correct or updated drivers in Windows.
microsoft windows update
is used to scan for new software and install service packs and patches.
VBR (Volume Boot Record)
loads the boot manager, which for Windows is bootmgr.exe.
partition
logical portions of the disk that can be formatted to store data. divied up parts of the hard drive consist of tracks, sectors, and clusters. Tracks are concentric rings on the disk surface. Tracks are divided into sectors and multiple sectors are combined logically to form clusters
F8
opens windows advanced boot options menu
dynamic disk
provide features not supported by basic disk. the size of the volumes can be changed after they have been created have the ability to create volumes that span across more than one disk
Windows API
provides app developers w/ user interface controls,file management and graphical elements, such as scroll bars and dialog boxes
quick format
removes files from the partition but does not scan the disk for bad sectors. Scanning a disk for bad sectors can prevent data loss in the future. For this reason, do not use for disks that have been previously formatted.
Full Format
removes files from the partition while scanning the disk for bad sectors. It is required for all new hard drives. takes more time to complete.
RIS (remote installation service)
software used to communicate with the client, store the setup files, and provide the necessary instructions for the client to access the setup files, download them, and begin the operating system installation.
File and Folder Management
the os creates a file structure on the hard disk drive to store data.
User Interface
the os enables the user to interact with the software and hardware. CLI(command line interface)- user types command at promt GUI(graphical user interface)- the user interacts w/ menus and icons
Formatting
the process creates a file system on a partition for files to be stored
extended partition
there can be only one per hard drive but it can be subdivided into smaller sections If more than 4 partitions are required on an MBR partitioned disk, one of the primary partitions can be designated an extended partition. After the extended partition is created, up to 23 logical drives (or logical partitions) can be created within this extended partition. A common setup is to create a primary partition for the OS (drive C:) and allow an extended partition to occupy the remaining free space on a hard drive, right after a primary partition. Any extra partitions can be created within the extended partition (drives D:, E: and so on). While the logical drives can't be used to boot an OS, they are perfect for storing user data. Notice that there can be only one extended partition per MBR hard drive and that extended partitions are only found on drives with MBR partition tables.
windows 7
upgrade from vista and xp designed for personal computers
active partition
used to boot the computer and contains the boot and system files. there can only be one of these per disk In MBR disks the (? ?) is the partition used to store and boot an operating system. Notice that only primary partitions can be marked active in MBR disks. Another limitation is that only one primary partition per disk can be marked active at one time. In most cases, the C: drive is the active partition and contains the boot and system files. Some users create additional partitions to organize files or to be able to dual-boot the computer. are only found on drives with MBR partition tables.
SIM (System Image Manager)
used to create the setup answer file.
os system diagram
user application os hardware
remote network installation
with this method the operating system installation files are stored on a server so that a client computer can access the files remotely to begin the installation.