ITA exam #3

________ activities produce forceful movement, create less shear stress in joints, and have more joint stability than __________ activities.

CKC, OKC

Concurrent shift

Concentric and eccentric contractions at opposite ends of a muscle during CKC movement

Closed kinetic chain (CKC)

Distal segment of the extremity cannot move independently

Open kinetic chain (OKC)

Distal segment of the extremity is free to move without causing motion at another joint

Three components of PNF

Flexion-extension, Abduction-adduction, Internal rotation-external rotation

Sherrington

Impulses from peripheral stretch receptors has major influence on alpha motor neurons, Modify input to influence motor neuron excitability

OKC characteristics

Increased acceleration forces Decreased resistance forces Increased distraction and rotational forces Increased deformation of joint and muscle mechanoreceptors Greater shear forces Great moment forces (1 joint in motion) Isolation exercise use contraction of specific muscle or muscle group that produces single plane or occasionally multiplanar movement

Characteristics of CKC

Increased joint compressive forces Increased joint congruency (stability) Decreased shear forces Decreased acceleration forces Stimulation of proprioceptors Large resistance forces Enhanced dynamic stability

Inhibition

Results in decreased excitability, Can be critical in treatment of muscle spasticity

Facilitation

Results in increased excitability, Used to aid functioning of weak muscles

When designing a lower extremity plyometric program, the starting volume should be ____ foot contacts and progress up to ____ foot contacts? a. 40 to 80; 200 b. 80 to 100;300 c. 40 to 80; 300 d. 80 to 100; 200

a. 40 to 80; 200

Which of the following is not a true statement about motor units within muscles? a. A single motor unit is comprised of both slow- and fast-twitch fibers. b. Muscles responsible for fine motor movements are composed of motor units with few muscle fibers. c. Muscles responsible for gross movement are composed of motor units with a large number of fibers. d. When a motor unit is activated, all muscle fibers associated with that unit will contract.

a. A single motor unit is comprised of both slow- and fast-twitch fibers.

In which phase of the stretch shortening cycle does a brief but strong isometric contraction occur? a. Amortization phase b. Eccentric phase c. Concentric phase

a. Amortization phase

Which of the following types of resistance exercise is being completed when an individual lowers themselves from a pull-up? a. Eccentric b. Concentric c. Isometric d. Isokinetic

a. Eccentric

Which phase of the stretch shortening cycle occurs when the agonist muscle is being stretched or loaded, stimulating the muscle spindles? a. Eccentric phase b. Concentric phase c. Amortization phase

a. Eccentric phase

A patient is holding a piece of elastic tubing with both hands in front of the body. Both elbows are flexed to 90°, and both upper arms are held gently against the sides of the patient's chest. Instruct the patient to internally and externally rotate both shoulders simultaneously in this position. This activity strengthens the: a. External rotators concentrically and eccentrically. b. Internal rotators concentrically and eccentrically. c. External rotators concentrically and the internal rotators eccentrically. d. Internal rotators concentrically and the external rotators eccentrically.

a. External rotators concentrically and eccentrically.

What term refers to muscle fibers that split longitudinally and do not equate to additional strength? a. Hyperplasia b. Myogenesis c. Hypertrophy

a. Hyperplasia

A patient had surgery and 8 weeks of rehabilitation for carpal tunnel syndrome. You notice that the patient's thenar eminence is almost the same size as that of the uninvolved hand. This change is due to which of the following adaptive changes? a. Hypertrophy of muscle fibers b. Hyperplasia of muscle fibers c. Fiber-type transformation d. Increased recruitment of motor units

a. Hypertrophy of muscle fibers

Which of the following is not an example of submaximal plyometrics for the lower extremity? a. Lunging b. Jump squats c. Skipping d. Hurdle jumps

a. Lunging

Where in the functional range of motion is a muscle strongest? a. Middle range b. End range c. Functional range of motion does not affect a muscle's strength. d. Beginning range

a. Middle range

What is the term for the point where the length limits of a musculotendinous unit are reached? a. Passive insufficiency b. Active insufficiency

a. Passive insufficiency

Which of the following is not true about Type I muscle fibers? a. Type I fibers use oxygen and glycogen for energy. b. Type I fibers require more time to generate maximal force than do Type II fibers. c. Postural muscles contain a large number of Type I fibers. d. Type I fibers are more resistant to fatigue than are Type II fibers.

a. Type I fibers use oxygen and glycogen for energy.

Which of the following is the order of the phases of the stretch-shortening cycle? a. eccentric, amortization, concentric b. concentric, eccentric, amortization c. amortization, concentric, eccentric

a. eccentric, amortization, concentric

Muscle endurance is improved primarily through a therapeutic exercise program that emphasizes a. lower resistance, higher repetitions b. higher resistance, higher repetitions c. lower resistance, lower repetitions d. higher resistance, lower repetitions

a. lower resistance, higher repetitions

Which of the following represents correct strength guidelines for initiating preparatory plyometric exercise of the upper extremity? a. 15 push-ups with elbows at 90 degrees in 30 seconds b. 10 push-ups with elbows at 90 degrees in 15 seconds c. 15 push-ups with elbows at 90 degrees in 15 seconds d. 10 push-ups with elbows at 90 degrees in 30 seconds

b. 10 push-ups with elbows at 90 degrees in 15 seconds

According to the DeLorme-Watkins protocol, what weight would be used for the second set of an individual whose 10RM is 200 pounds? a. 50 pounds b. 150 pounds c. 100 pounds d. 200 pounds

b. 150 pounds

What manual muscle grade would be given to a patient who could complete full range of motion against gravity? a. 4 b. 3 c. 2 d. 1

b. 3

According to guidelines, before initiating maximal plyometric exercise the athlete should be able to perform five squats in ____ seconds with ____ % of body weight. a. 10; 60 b. 5; 60 c. 10; 90 d. 5; 90

b. 5; 60

When applying manual resistance to the upper extremity using the D1 extension pattern (PNF), the muscle groups being facilitated (strengthened) are the shoulder extensors and the: a. Abductors, external rotators, and wrist and finger extensors. b. Abductors, internal rotators, and wrist and finger extensors. c. Adductors, external rotators, and wrist and finger flexors. d. Adductors, internal rotators, and wrist and finger flexors.

b. Abductors, internal rotators, and wrist and finger extensors.

What is the term for the point where the actin and myosin myofilaments overlap and maximum tension cannot be produced? a. Passive insufficiency b. Active insufficiency

b. Active insufficiency

To strengthen the posterior tibialis using manual resistance, have the patient assume a long sitting position on a table or mat. Support and hold the lower leg with one hand and: a. Apply resistance to the dorsal and lateral surfaces of the foot at the fifth metatarsal as the patient dorsiflexes and everts the ankle and foot. b. Apply resistance to the plantar and medial surfaces of the foot at the first metatarsal as the patient plantar flexes and inverts the ankle and foot. c. Apply resistance to the dorsal and medial surfaces of the foot at the first metatarsal as the patient dorsiflexes and inverts the ankle and foot. d. Apply resistance to the plantar and lateral surfaces of the foot at the fifth metatarsal as the patient plantar flexes and everts the ankle and foot.

b. Apply resistance to the plantar and medial surfaces of the foot at the first metatarsal as the patient plantar flexes and inverts the ankle and foot.

Which of the following statements is true about velocity and strength during concentric isotonic testing? a. As velocity increases, force increases b. As velocity decreases, force increases c. As velocity decreases, force decreases d. As velocity increases, force stays the same

b. As velocity decreases, force increases

Which of the following plyometric exercises involves the patient jumping off one platform or box, landing on the floor, and jumping onto another box? a. Depth jump b. Box jump c. Squat jump d. Tuck jump

b. Box jump

In which phase of the stretch shortening cycle does the alpha motor neuron increase activation of the muscle? a. Eccentric phase b. Concentric phase c. Amortization phase

b. Concentric phase

What lower extremity PNF pattern begins with the knee extended, the ankle plantarflexed, and the hip extended, abducted, and internally rotated? a. D2 Flexion b. D1 Flexion c. D1 Extension d. D2 Extension

b. D1 Flexion

What upper extremity PNF patterns starting position is described by the following: The shoulder is extended, abducted, and internally rotated with the elbow and fingers extended and the wrist in a neutral position? a. D1 Extension b. D1 Flexion c. D2 Flexion d. D2 Extension

b. D1 Flexion

What upper extremity PNF patterns starting position is described by the following: The shoulder is extended, adducted, and internally rotated with the elbow and fingers flexed and the wrist in a neutral position? a. D2 Extension b. D2 Flexion c. D1 Flexion d. D1 Extension

b. D2 Flexion

Which of the following is not a proper exercise example for the preparatory phase of plyometric progression? a. Low skipping b. Double leg hops c. Explosive squats d. Jump rope

b. Double leg hops

Which of the following represents a proper plyometric exercise progression? a. Forward/backward hops; hops with twists; lateral hops; zig-zag hops b. Forward/backward hops; lateral hops; zig-zag hops; hops with twists c. Lateral hops; forward/backward hops; zig-zag hops; hops with twists d. Lateral hops; forward/backward hops; hops with twists; zig-zag hops

b. Forward/backward hops; lateral hops; zig-zag hops; hops with twists

Which of the following is a true statement about the neurophysiological model of plyometrics? a. The stretch reflex stimulates the Golgi tendon organs. b. It is based on the use of kinetic energy c. Messages sent via Ia fibers synapse with the alpha motor neuron to cause decreased muscle tension. d. Muscle tension must be utilized quickly through an eccentric contraction.

b. It is based on the use of kinetic energy

Which of the following is true regarding isokinetic exercise? a. Slow-velocity training is more appropriate for carryover to functional activities than medium and fast velocities. b. Load is dependent on the velocity of limb movement through the arc of motion. c. Joint compressive forces increase with increased velocity of exercise. d. Depending on the type of isokinetic dynamometer used, the rate of limb movement may range from 0° to 500° per minute.

b. Load is dependent on the velocity of limb movement through the arc of motion.

Which phase of plyometric training is characterized by minimal ground contact time and low repetitions? a. Preparatory phase b. Maximal phase c. Submaximal phase

b. Maximal phase

According to the length-tension relationship, where do muscles develop their peak force production? a. End of range of motion b. Midrange of motion c. Beginning of range of motion d. Position throughout range of motion has no effect on force production.

b. Midrange of motion

Incorporating which of the following into rehabilitation will result in increased explosive strength or power? a. Machine weights b. Plyometrics c. Isokinetic training d. Free weights

b. Plyometrics

Which phase of plyometric training is characterized by all the exercises having a longer transition time from eccentric to concentric muscle action? a. Submaximal phase b. Preparatory phase c. Maximal phase

b. Preparatory phase

You have a patient assume a prone-lying position and prop symmetrically on his forearms. You apply manual resistance in several directions at the shoulder girdles as you ask the patient to hold (maintain) the symmetrical position. This technique is known as: a. Repeated contractions. b. Rhythmic stabilization. c. Recurrent facilitation. d. Agonist-contraction

b. Rhythmic stabilization.

What plane of movement should plyometric exercises begin in before progression? a. Frontal b. Sagittal c. Plane of movement does not matter when beginning plyometric exercise d. Transverse

b. Sagittal

A disadvantage of isotonic training is that a. it only permits concentric contractions b. a muscle can only move a load through the ROM with as much force as the muscle provides at its weakest point c. the expense of the equipment d. it does not permit exercise of multiple joints simultaneously

b. a muscle can only move a load through the ROM with as much force as the muscle provides at its weakest point

The recommended frequency for plyometric exercise routines is no more than a. daily b. every other day c. once a week d. twice daily

b. every other day

The ______________ is the smallest contractile element of a muscle. a. myosin b. sarcolemma c. actin d. sarcomere

b. sarcolemma

The SAID principle addresses which aspect of strength and conditioning? a. volume b. specificity c. intensity d. synergy

b. specificity

In general, larger athletes over ____ pounds should only perform submaximal exercise or be monitored closely while performing-high intensity plyometric exercise. a. 200 b. 180 c. 220

c. 220

Larger athletes, those over ____ pounds, must only perform submaximal exercise or be monitored closely while performing-high intensity plyometric exercise. a. 180 b. 240 c. 220 d. 200

c. 220

An exercise that involves weight bearing through an extremity is considered: a. Isokinetic b. An open kinetic chain exercise c. A closed kinetic chain exercise

c. A closed kinetic chain exercise

You are having a patient perform manual resistance exercise in a PNF pattern, specifically the D2 flexion pattern for the upper extremity. As the patient flexes the shoulder and brings the arm overhead against your resistance, what other muscle groups at the shoulder are being strengthened? a. Adductors and internal rotators b. Adductors and external rotators c. Abductors and external rotators d. Abductors and internal rotators

c. Abductors and external rotators

What lower extremity PNF pattern begins with the knee flexed, the ankle dorsiflexed, and the hip flexed, adducted, and externally rotated? a. D1 Flexion b. D2 Extension c. D1 Extension d. D2 Flexion

c. D1 Extension

What upper extremity PNF patterns starting position is described by the following: The shoulder is flexed, abducted, and externally rotated with the elbow and fingers extended and the wrist in a neutral position? a. D1 Flexion b. D1 Extension c. D2 Extension d. D2 Flexion

c. D2 Extension

What lower extremity PNF pattern begins with the knee extended, the ankle plantarflexed, and the hip extended, adducted, and externally rotated? a. D1 Flexion b. D2 Extension c. D2 Flexion d. D1 Extension

c. D2 Flexion

Which of the following lifting protocols allows the patient to exercise to their maximum levels while allowing for daily fluctuations in their strength? a. DeLorme-Watkins b. All of the above c. DAPRE d. Oxford

c. DAPRE

Which of the following plyometric exercises involves the patient dropping to the ground from a raised platform or box, and then immediately jumping up? a. Squat jump b. Box jump c. Depth jump d. Tuck jump

c. Depth jump

Of the following, which is the most effective way to improve muscle endurance? a. Have the patient train by using isometric exercises against resistance b. Have the patient train on an isokinetic dynamometer at fast speeds only c. Have the patient train using dynamic exercise against submaximal loads over progressively longer time periods d. Have the patient exercise against maximal resistance for a limited number of repetition

c. Have the patient train using dynamic exercise against submaximal loads over progressively longer time periods

ithin 1 week of beginning resistance exercise of the shoulder external rotators as a component of a rehabilitation program after a shoulder injury, your patient, Mr. K, is able to increase the level of resistance by using a heavier grade of elastic tubing. This improvement in muscle performance is due primarily to which of the following adaptive changes? a. Hyperplasia of muscle fibers b. Increased recruitment of motor units c. Hypertrophy of muscle fibers d. Fiber-type transformation

c. Hypertrophy of muscle fibers

Which of the following does not occur during the first 4 to 6 weeks of resistance training? a. Increase in the firing rate of the motor nerves b. Increased efficiency through better synchronization when activating the motor units c. Increase in strength due to muscle hypertrophy d. Increase in muscular efficiency through recruitment of more motor units

c. Increase in strength due to muscle hypertrophy

Maximum muscle loading at a fixed speed with accommodating resistance throughout the entire range of motion is characterized by what method of exercise? a. Isometric b. Plyometric c. Isokinetic d. Isotonic

c. Isokinetic

Increasing static strength and decreasing atrophy can best be accomplished by using what method of exercise? a. Plyometric b. Isotonic c. Isometric d. Isokinetic

c. Isometric

A patient has mild joint swelling and pain during active ROM, but resisted tests of the muscles that cross the swollen joints do not cause pain. Your goal is to maintain or possibly increase strength through the available ROM. The most appropriate choice of exercise is: a. Eccentric/concentric, closed-chain exercise against body weight throughout the ROM. b. Muscle setting exercises at the end of the ROM. c. Multiple-angle isometric exercise against resistance d. High-velocity isokinetic exercise.

c. Multiple-angle isometric exercise against resistance

According to the DAPRE protocol, a patient's working weight is based on what? a. Percentage of the patient's 1RM b. Percentage of the patient's 15RM c. Percentage of the patient's 6RM d. Percentage of the patient's 10RM

c. Percentage of the patient's 6RM

Which of the following aspects is most important when incorporating plyometric exercise into the rehabilitation program? a. Level of neuromuscular control b. Adequate strength c. Proper technique and execution d. Amount of joint range of motion

c. Proper technique and execution

What plane of movement should plyometric exercises begin in before progression? a. Transverse b. Frontal c. Sagittal

c. Sagittal

Which of the following is not true when considering the mechanical model of plyometrics? a. Model is based on the musculotendinous junction. b. If energy is not used quickly, it will be dissipated as heat. c. The elastic components of actin and myosin provide resistance to a passive stretch. d. It is described like a rubber band as the quicker the stretch the faster the return to original shape.

c. The elastic components of actin and myosin provide resistance to a passive stretch.

Of the following, which is the best definition of an "8 RM"? a. The greatest amount of resistance (load) a patient can lift or lower through the available ROM in 8 seconds b. The number of sets (bouts) of a specific exercise a patient can perform for 8 repetitions c. The greatest amount of resistance (load) a patient can lift or lower through the available ROM for 8 repetitions (no more, no less) d. The number of repetitions of a particular exercise a patient can perform in 8 seconds against a specific load (amount of resistance)

c. The greatest amount of resistance (load) a patient can lift or lower through the available ROM for 8 repetitions (no more, no less)

Which of the following best describes cross-training or cross-exercise, a phenomenon that has been observed as a result of resistance training? a. When resistance exercise is carried out by a muscle, the antagonist to that muscle also shows an increase in strength. b. When exercise is carried out concentrically against resistance, an increase in eccentric muscle strength in the same leg also occurs. c. When resistance exercise is carried out by a muscle group on the right side of the body, small gains in strength occur in the same unexercised muscle on the opposite side of the body. d. When training is carried out for the purpose of developing strength, muscular endurance also develops in that same muscle.

c. When resistance exercise is carried out by a muscle group on the right side of the body, small gains in strength occur in the same unexercised muscle on the opposite side of the body.

Simultaneous action of agonist and antagonist muscles is called a. neutralization b. muscle synergy c. coactivation d. motor programming

c. coactivation

The ultimate goal of plyometrics is to a. use both the concentric and eccentric components of exercise b. be an adjunct to functional training c. increase power production and explosiveness d. retrain all athletes regardless of age

c. increase power production and explosiveness

The less rest between plyometric exercise sets, the more emphasis will be on a. muscle strength and power b. power c. muscle endurance d. muscle strength

c. muscle endurance

Many lower extremity movements in sports are considered _________ -kinetic chain movements, while most upper extremity movements in sports are considered __________-kinetic chain movements.

closed, open

concentric or eccentric: Muscle fibers shorten against resistance

concentric

concentric or eccentric: Positive work

concentric

concentric or eccentric: Requires more tension

concentric

concentric or eccentric: Works to accelerate a limb

concentric

concentric or eccentric: angle at associated joint decreases

concentric

According to the DeLorme-Watkins protocol what should the first set consist of? a. 10 repetitions at 100% of the patients 10RM b. 10 repetitions at 25% of the patients 10RM c. 10 repetitions at 75% of the patients 10RM d. 10 repetitions at 50% of the patients 10RM

d. 10 repetitions at 50% of the patients 10RM

Which of the following is the maximum recommended depth jump box height for an athlete who weighs over 220 pounds (100 kg)? a. 16 inches (41 cm) b. 42 inches (107 cm) c. 32 inches (81 cm) d. 18 inches (46 cm)

d. 18 inches (46 cm)

According to the Oxford protocol what weight would be used in the first set when your patient has a 1RM of 265 pounds and a 10RM of 200 pounds? a. 100 pounds b. 270 pounds c. 135 pounds d. 200 pounds

d. 200 pounds

A hamstring muscle that can go through a full range of motion and resist light manual resistance in sitting, but no manual resistance in prone, is graded a. 4 b. 5 c. 2 d. 3

d. 3

A maximal isometric contraction can be sustained for how many seconds before fatigue becomes evident? a. 10-15 s b. less than 5 s c. 15-30 s d. 5-10 s

d. 5-10 s

According to guidelines, before initiating maximal plyometric exercise the athlete should be able to perform five squats in ____ seconds with ____ % of body weight. a. 10; 90 b. 5; 90 c. 10;60 d. 5; 60

d. 5; 60

Your patient attempts to strengthen his quadriceps by positioning his hip at the end of range of hip flexion and knee extension. He reports weakness and inability to flex his hip more in this position. His report may best be explained by which of the following? a. Active insufficiency of the hamstrings b. Passive insufficiency of the quadriceps c. Passive insufficiency of the hamstrings d. Active insufficiency of the quadriceps

d. Active insufficiency of the quadriceps

What upper extremity PNF patterns starting position is described by the following: The shoulder is flexed, adducted, and externally rotated with the elbow and fingers flexed and the wrist in a neutral position? a. D2 Extension b. D1 Flexion c. D2 Flexion d. D1 Extension

d. D1 Extension

What lower extremity PNF pattern begins with the knee flexed, the ankle dorsiflexed, and the hip flexed, abducted, and internally rotated? a. D2 Flexion b. D1 Extension c. D1 Flexion d. D2 Extension

d. D2 Extension

You are having a patient perform manual resistance exercise of the lower extremity using a proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) diagonal pattern. In which of the following lower extremity patterns is ankle dorsiflexion coupled with eversion resisted? a. D1 flexion b. D1 extension c. D2 extension d. D2 flexion

d. D2 flexion

Which of the following is a proper example of maximal plyometrics for the lower extremity? a. Squat jumps b. Jump squats c. Hurdle jumps d. Depth jumps

d. Depth jumps

Which of the following best defines muscle strength? a. Produce or control forces imposed during functional activities b. Work produced by a muscle per unit of time c. Ability of muscle to contract repeatedly against a load d. Force generated during a single maximum effort

d. Force generated during a single maximum effort

What term refers to the increase in cross-sectional size (myosin and actin get larger), dormant capillaries refill with blood, and strength increases accordingly with increased muscular size? a. Myoplasia b. Myogenesis c. Hyperplasia d. Hypertrophy

d. Hypertrophy

When looking at plyometric program design, which of the following terms represents the amount of force being exerted by the working muscles? a. Recovery b. Frequency c. Volume d. Intensity

d. Intensity

Which of the following types of resistance exercises requires a constant speed of contraction with variable force? a. Concentric b. Eccentric c. Isometric d. Isokinetic

d. Isokinetic

Which type of resistance exercise has the patient perform a muscular contraction with no change in joint angle? a. Eccentric b. Concentric c. Isokinetic d. Isometric

d. Isometric

What aspect of muscular performance is directly related to the cross-sectional area of a particular muscle? a. No aspect of muscular performance is directly related to cross-sectional area. b. Muscular endurance c. Muscular power d. Muscular strength

d. Muscular strength

Mr. Z is a 68-year-old man who underwent abdominal surgery 3 months ago. Since his surgery, he has had difficulty walking. You determine that during the period of bed rest and modified activity, his legs have become quite weak, contributing to his difficulty walking. The ROM of his lower extremities is within normal limits. You determine that the 10 RM for the hip extensors and quadriceps bilaterally (measured on a bilateral leg press unit) is only 20 lb. After a brief warm-up on a stationary bicycle, you have Mr. Z perform the following PRE regimen: 10 repetitions of hip and knee extension against 20 lb; 10 repetitions against 15 lb; and 10 repetitions against 10 lb with a rest between each set of 10 repetitions. This approach to PRE is known as: a. DAPRE regimen. b. DeLorme regimen. c. Circuit weight training. d. Oxford regimen.

d. Oxford regimen.

Which of the following is not a proper exercise example for the submaximal phase of plyometric progression? a. Jump squats b. Skipping c. Bounding d. Single-leg box jumps

d. Single-leg box jumps

Which factors affect the amount of resistance provided by elastic resistance bands during exercise? a. Stretch of the band and speed of movement b. Length of the muscle and stretch of the band c. Angle of the band in relation to the moving bone and length of the muscle d. Stretch of the band and angle of the band in relation to the moving bone

d. Stretch of the band and angle of the band in relation to the moving bone

Which of the following is a true statement considering Type IIa and Type IIb muscle fibers? a. Type IIa fibers demonstrate moderate resistance to fatigue. b. When compared to Type I fibers, Types IIa and IIb fibers are found in higher percentages in the gastrocnemius muscle. c. Type IIb fibers are considered "true fast-twitch" fibers. d. Type IIb fibers utilize oxygen and glycogen for energy.

d. Type IIb fibers utilize oxygen and glycogen for energy.

When following the DAPRE protocol, what should the fourth set weight be? a. 75% of the working weight b. 100% of the working weight c. 50% of the working weight d. Weight is adjusted based on the previous set.

d. Weight is adjusted based on the previous set.

Progressive overload is needed for muscle hypertrophy to occur. The best way to ensure that muscle hypertrophy occurs is to a. perform high-resistance activities no more than twice a week b. maximally stress particular muscles by working with heavy weights four times a week c. keep the repetitions the same throughout the entire rehabilitation program d. adjust exercise goals to ensure muscle fatigue at each session

d. adjust exercise goals to ensure muscle fatigue at each session

The all-or-none law refers to the response of the a. entire muscle b. largest motor units only c. smallest motor units only d. entire motor unit e. midsection of the muscle

d. entire motor unit

The recommended surface(s) for lower-extremity plyometric exercise performance is (are) a. asphalt b. rubber over concrete c. rubber over concrete and grass only d. grass

d. grass

In designing a resistance training program, the first step should be a. exercise selection b. determining training frequency c. exercise order d. needs analysis e. determining rest periods

d. needs analysis

What principle addresses the need for a person to exercise at increasing levels of difficulty to maintain progress? a. intensity b. volume c. specificity d. overload

d. overload

kinematics

describes the appearance of motion

PNF patterns are ____________ and _______________ movements

diagonal, rotational

Closed Link system

each moving body segment receives force from and transfers force to, adjacent body segments

concentric or eccentric: Generates greater force

eccentric

concentric or eccentric: Muscle fibers lengthen against resistance

eccentric

concentric or eccentric: Works to decelerate a limb

eccentric

T/F: Tetanus is a sustained maximal contraction of a muscle.

false

Which of the following is true when considering closed-kinetic chain exercise? (Select all that apply) i. Forces begin distal and are progressively transmitted up the kinetic chain. ii. Proximal joint influences the distal joints position and function. iii. Closed kinetic chain can also termed weight bearing. iv. Compressive forces are applied to fixed distal joint.

i. Forces begin distal and are progressively transmitted up the kinetic chain. iii. Closed kinetic chain can also termed weight bearing. iv. Compressive forces are applied to fixed distal joint.

Which of the following is gained through the incorporation of plyometric training? (Select all that apply) i. Heightening of reflexes ii. Proprioceptive awareness iii. Neuromuscular function

i. Heightening of reflexes ii. Proprioceptive awareness iii. Neuromuscular function

Which of the following is true regarding open-chain exercise? (Select all that apply) i. It is less effective for developing co-activation of muscle groups and dynamic stability than closed-chain training. ii. Against similar exercise loads, it causes lower levels of shear in the joint than closed-chain exercise. iii. Muscles develop strength less quickly than with closed-chain exercise iv. It is a better choice than closed-chain exercise to isolate and train weak muscle groups.

i. It is less effective for developing co-activation of muscle groups and dynamic stability than closed-chain training. iii. Muscles develop strength less quickly than with closed-chain exercise iv. It is a better choice than closed-chain exercise to isolate and train weak muscle groups.

Which of the following is a true statement about isokinetic exercise: (Select all that apply) i. It provides maximal resistance throughout the available ROM. ii. Current technology provides resistance only to concentric muscle contractions. iii. It accommodates for a painful arc. iv. It accommodates for muscle fatigue.

i. It provides maximal resistance throughout the available ROM. iii. It accommodates for a painful arc. iv. It accommodates for muscle fatigue.

Which of the following describes the proper landing technique? (Select all that apply) i. Knee positioned in line with foot ii. Feet shoulder width apart iii. Shoulders positioned behind knees iv. No valgus motion of the knee

i. Knee positioned in line with foot ii. Feet shoulder width apart iv. No valgus motion of the knee

Which of the following is a true statement about motor units within muscles? (Select all that apply) i. Muscles responsible for gross movement are composed of motor units with a large number of fibers. ii. Muscles responsible for fine motor movements are composed of motor units with few muscle fibers. iii. When a motor unit is activated, all muscle fibers associated with that unit will contract. iv. A single motor unit is comprised of both slow- and fast-twitch fibers.

i. Muscles responsible for gross movement are composed of motor units with a large number of fibers. ii. Muscles responsible for fine motor movements are composed of motor units with few muscle fibers. iii. When a motor unit is activated, all muscle fibers associated with that unit will contract.

Which of the following is an indication that muscle fatigue is occurring when a patient is exercising against resistance: (Select all that apply) i. Muscular tremor occurring during the exercise. ii. A gradual increase in temperature (sensation of warmth) in the exercising muscles. iii. The patient may not be able to complete the available range of motion (ROM) against the initial level of resistance applied. iv. The patient may attempt to use a substitute motion and muscle group to perform the exercise.

i. Muscular tremor occurring during the exercise. iii. The patient may not be able to complete the available range of motion (ROM) against the initial level of resistance applied. iv. The patient may attempt to use a substitute motion and muscle group to perform the exercise.

During the ground contact time of jump training, it is important to enhance which of the following aspects? (Select all that apply) i. Postural stability ii. Proprioception iii. Kinesthetic awareness

i. Postural stability ii. Proprioception iii. Kinesthetic awareness

Each of the following is characteristic of DOMS: (Select all that apply) i. Tends to peak 48 to 72 hours after the conclusion of high-intensity exercise. ii. Occurs more frequently after eccentric exercise than isometric exercise. iii. Increased soreness seen during passive lengthening of the involved muscle groups. iv. Is believed to be caused by postexercise muscle spasm.

i. Tends to peak 48 to 72 hours after the conclusion of high-intensity exercise. ii. Occurs more frequently after eccentric exercise than isometric exercise. iii. Increased soreness seen during passive lengthening of the involved muscle groups.

Which of the following does the SAID principle not influence? (Select all that apply) i. The selection of open versus closed kinetic chain exercise ii. The selection of specific muscles or muscle groups to strengthen iii. The range of motion through which the exercise is performed

i. The selection of open versus closed kinetic chain exercise ii. The selection of specific muscles or muscle groups to strengthen iii. The range of motion through which the exercise is performed

Which of the following are true of the repetition maximum (RM): (Select all that apply) i. Establishing a 1-RM involves trial and error and so has been determined to be invalid for use in research studies for resistance training. ii. A 1-RM can be mathematically calculated from a patient's ability to perform multiple reps at a reduced load. iii. RM can be used to document a baseline for a muscle group's dynamic strength. iv. RM is an effective way to determine an appropriate exercise load to begin and progress strength training.

ii. A 1-RM can be mathematically calculated from a patient's ability to perform multiple reps at a reduced load. iii. RM can be used to document a baseline for a muscle group's dynamic strength. iv. RM is an effective way to determine an appropriate exercise load to begin and progress strength training.

Which of the following is an advantage of plyometric exercise? (Select all that apply) i. A large maximal force can be obtained through the use of added resistance. ii. Maximal dynamic forces are developed very rapidly. iii. Elastic energy obtained by stretching the muscle helps produce faster muscular contractions. iv. Magnitude of maximum force is significantly greater than that produced by other training methods.

ii. Maximal dynamic forces are developed very rapidly. iii. Elastic energy obtained by stretching the muscle helps produce faster muscular contractions. iv. Magnitude of maximum force is significantly greater than that produced by other training methods.

kinetics

involves the forces, whether internal or external that affect motion.

isometric, isotonic, isokinetic: Cybex, Biodex

isokinetic

isometric, isotonic, isokinetic: Provides muscle overload throughout ROM

isokinetic

isometric, isotonic, isokinetic: Joint angle maintained

isometric

isometric, isotonic, isokinetic: static strength

isometric

isometric, isotonic, isokinetic: Exercises multiple joints simultaneously

isotonic

isometric, isotonic, isokinetic: Free weights

isotonic

isometric, isotonic, isokinetic: Resistance is greatest in the muscle's midrange

isotonic

isometric, isotonic, isokinetic: Variable speed through a ROM

isotonic

isometric, isotonic, isokinetic: elastic tubing

isotonic

_______________________ principle is the name of the principle in which the body must perform more work than it is used to in order to see progressive benefits?

overload

T/F: A factor that determines muscle output is the number of muscle fibers activated.

true

T/F: A factor that determines muscle strength is the joint's angle.

true

T/F: A factor that determines muscle strength is the muscle's cross-sectional size.

true

T/F: A factor that determines muscle strength is the muscle's fiber arrangement.

true

T/F: A factor that determines muscle strength is the muscle's length.

true

T/F: All PNF extremity movements incorporate rotation and diagonal patterns.

true

T/F: Each strengthening exercise should have a goal and a reason for inclusion in a therapeutic exercise program.

true

T/F: Eccentric contractions are critical for deceleration of limb motion, especially during high-velocity dynamic activities.

true

T/F: Generally, the faster the rate of muscle contraction, the greater the internal resistance, so the muscle cannot produce as much external force as it can when the muscle contracts more slowly.

true

T/F: It is recommended that the athlete be able to squat 60% of his or her body weight for five repetitions before instituting an aggressive plyometric program.

true

T/F: Low-resistance, high-repetition strengthening exercises are commonly used in the early phases of rehabilitation to reduce the application of excessive stress.

true

T/F: More shear stress is placed on the knee in open-chain terminal extension than in closed-chain terminal extension.

true

T/F: Pain should be avoided during therapeutic exercise programs for strengthening.

true

T/F: Recovery from isometric activity occurs more rapidly than from isotonic activity.

true

T/F: Strength improves because of the production of an overload of exercise resistance for the muscles.

true

T/F: The goal of the amortization phase is to rapidly move from eccentric to concentric motion to facilitate the transfer of elastic energy in order to increase force production.

true

T/F: The greater the force resisted, the more quickly muscle fatigue occurs.

true

True or False? The results of a manual muscle test (MMT) are negated if the contraction causes pain.

true