ITE 221 ch 3 quiz
A(n) _____________ combines related data items in much the same way a record does, but it extends the record to include methods for manipulating data items.
CLASS
The primary advantage of hexadecimal notation, compared with binary notation, is its
COMPACTNESS
A processor's efficiency depends on its __________________
COMPLEXITY
Recall that scientific notation, including floating-point notation, trades numeric range for _______________
ACCURACY
. A(n)______________ is the location of a data element in a storage device.
ADDRESS
The standard ASCII version used for data transfer is sometimes called
ASCII-7
Binary numbers are well suited to computer processing because they correspond directly with values in ____ logic. a. Newton b. Boolean c. Turing d. standard
Boolean
The ____ data type has only two data values—true and false. a. Boolean b. integer c. floating point d. character
Boolean
Twos complement notation is simple to understand for most people. a. True b. False
False
Using contiguous storage locations, especially in secondary storage devices, simplifies the allocation of storage locations. a. True b. False
False
___________ notation uses the base-8 numbering system and has a range of digits from 0 to 7
OCTAL
____ occurs when the absolute value of a computational result contains too many bits to fit into a fixed-width data format. a. Underflow b. Rounding c. Approximation d. Overflow
Overflow
A segmented memory model has primary storage is divided into equal-sized (for example, 64 KB) segments called _____________.
PAGES
An unsigned integer's value is always assumed to be
POSITIVE
. One way of dealing with the tradeoff between range and precision is to abandon the concept of a fixed _________ point.
RADIX
A(n)_______________ is a data structure composed of other data structures or primitive data elements.
RECORD
Unicode is widely supported in modern software, including most OSs and word-processing applications. a. True b. False
True
Whether implemented in system or application software, almost all data structures make extensive use of pointers and addresses. a. True b. False
True
With any fixed-width data storage format, it's possible that the result of a computation will be too large to fit in the format. a. True b. False
True
You can increase a fixed radix point format's numeric range by allocating more bits to the whole portion. a. True b. False
True
Like ASCII, _____________ is a coding table that assigns nonnegative integers to represent printable characters.
UNICODE
Computers are designed to process character data and can therefore represent characters directly. a. True b. False
False
Decimal and binary notations are alternative forms of Boolean logic. a. True b. False
False
Double-precision integers are sometimes called large integers. a. True b. False
False
Each element of a doubly linked list has two pointers: one pointing to the next element in the list and one pointing to the top element in the list. a. True b. False
False
Generally, a byte is the largest unit of data that can be read from or written to a storage device. a. True b. False
False
In ASCII, NAK is sent to acknowledge correct receipt of data, and ERR is sent to indicate that an error has been detected. a. True b. False
False
Intel microprocessors have been used in PCs since 1961. a. True b. False
False
Monetary amounts should be stored and manipulated as binary floating-point numbers. a. True b. False
False
The complexity of data structures is limited only by the software. a. True b. False
False
The number of digits needed to represent a value decreases as the numbering system's base decreases. a. True b. False
False
A ____ data format combines two adjacent fixed-length data items to hold a single value. a. single-precision b. standard-precision c. scientific d. double-precision
double-precision
A(n) ____ is a set of related data values. a. pointer b. list c. array d. record
list
The address of an array element can be calculated with the starting address of the array and the element's ____. a. base b. index c. size d. name
index
A(n) ____ is a whole number—a value that doesn't have a fractional part. a. real number b. imaginary number c. floating point number d. integer
integer
The rightmost digit in a bit string is the ____. a. least significant digit b. most significant digit c. least valuable digit d. most valuable digit
least significant digit
A(n) ____ is a data structure that uses pointers so that list elements can be scattered among nonsequential storage locations. a. array b. queue c. linked list d. stack
linked list
A(n) ____ is one instance, or variable, of a class. a. structure b. object c. list d. implementation
object
A(n) ____ is a related group of primitive data elements organized for some type of common processing and is defined and manipulated in software. a. primitive b. object c. pointer d. data structure
primitive
A(n) ____ can contain both whole and fractional components. a. integer b. imaginary number c. real number d. binary number
real number
A sequence of records stored in main memory is normally called a ____. a. table b. record c. database d. class
table
In ____ notation, nonnegative integer values are represented as ordinary binary values. a. twos complement b. ones complement c. excess d. packed
twos complement
Most CPUs provide a(n) ____ data type, which stores positive integer values as ordinary binary numbers. a. signed integer b. signed real c. unsigned integer d. unsigned real
unsigned intege
In the decimal or binary notations, the symbol used to represent a digit and the digit's position in a string determines its ____. a. sign b. placement c. base d. value
value
The assignment of numeric codes to characters follows a specific order called a(n) ____. a. alignment sequence b. collating sequence c. alphabet sequence d. byte sequence
collating sequence
The term "____" describes the number of bits used to represent a numeric value. a. compactness b. completeness c. value d. Efficiency
compactness
Hexadecimal numbering uses ____ as its base or radix. a. 2 b. 8 c. 10 d. 16
16
A(n) __________ is an array of pointers to records.
INDEX
Linked lists are easier to expand or shrink than arrays are. a. True b. False
True
More storage locations are required for a linked list than for an array with equivalent content because both data and pointers must be stored. a. True b. False
True
The advantage of using an index lies in the efficiency of record insertion, deletion, and retrieval. a. True b. False
True
The representation format for each data type balances compactness, range, accuracy, ease of manipulation, and standardization. a. True b. False
True
With unsigned integers, the lowest value that can be represented is always
0
Compilers and interpreters for high-level programming languages, such as C and Java, convert decimal numbers into ___________ numbers automatically when generating CPU instructions and data values.
BINARY
In computer terminology, each digit of a binary number is called a(n)
BIT
A group of bits that describe a single data value is called a(n)
BIT STRING
A string of eight bits is called a(n)
BYTE
____ is a character-coding method developed by IBM in the 1960s and used in all IBM mainframes well into the 2000s. a. ANSI b. UNICODE c. EBCDIC d. ASCII
EBCDIC
Computer systems represent data electrically and process it with _______________________
ELECTRICAL SWITCHES
____ notation always uses a fixed number of bits, with the leftmost bit representing the sign. a. Ones complement b. Excess c. Twos complement d. Packed
Excess
In CPUs using a(n)_____________ memory model, using twos complement or unsigned binary as the coding format for memory addresses is logical and typical.
FLAT
. In the binary32 format, the leading sign bit applies to the exponent, not the mantissa. a. True b. False
False
. To avoid overflow and increase accuracy, some computers and programming languages define additional numeric data types called long-precision data formats. a. True b. False
False
____________________ numbers often designate memory addresses
HEXADECIMAL
The physical laws of electricity, optics, and quantum mechanics are described by
MATHEMATICAL FORMULAS
A(n) _____________ integer uses one bit to represent whether the value is positive or negative
SIGNED
To represent a specific integer value in excess notation, you must know how many_______________ are to be used.
STORAGE BITS
A sequence of characters that forms a meaningful word, phrase, or other useful group is a(n)
STRING
. Scientific and floating-point notation is far more complex than integer data formats. a. True b. False
True
. The number of bits in a floating-point string and the formats of the mantissa and exponent impose limits on the range of values that can be represented. a. True b. False
True
ASCII is a 7-bit format because most computers and peripheral devices transmit data in bytes and because parity checking was used widely in the 1960s to 1980s for detecting transmission errors. a. True b. False
True
Automated data processing combines physics and mathematics. a. True b. False
True
Before Unicode, devices designed for character I/O used ASCII by default and vendor-specific methods or older ISO standards to process character sets other than Latin-1. a. True b. False
True
Computer input devices convert external data into an internal representation that can be carried to and manipulated by processing circuitry. a. True b. False
True
In a sequential file, records are stored in contiguous storage locations. a. True b. False
True
In numbering systems other than the decimal numbering system, the term radix point is used for the period or comma. a. True b. False
True
____ occurs when the absolute value of a negative exponent is too large to fit in the bits allocated to store it. a. Rounding b. Rotation c. Overflow d. Underflow
Underflow
A(n) ____ is an ordered list in which each element can be referenced by an index to its position. a. list b. matrix c. vector d. array
array
The multiplier that describes the difference between one position and the next is the ____ of the numbering system. a. base b. mantissa c. power d. Exponent
base
Large numeric values expressed in octal notation are one-third the length of corresponding ____ notation. a. decimal b. ternary c. binary d. hexadecimal
binary
In a ____, each digit can have only one of two possible values: 0 or 1. a. decimal number b. hexadecimal number c. binary number d. unary number
binary number
In their written form, English and many other languages use alphabetic letters, numerals, punctuation marks, and a variety of other special-purpose symbols known as ____. a. characters b. bytes c. strings d. integers
characters
A(n) ____ is a data structure containing both traditional (static) data elements and programs that manipulate the data. a. array b. stack c. object d. class
class
In the decimal numbering system, the period or comma is called a ____. a. place holder b. division point c. marker point d. decimal point
decimal point
A sequence of records on secondary storage is called a ____. a. file b. record c. database d. sleeve
file
Real numbers are represented in computers by using ____. a. integer notation b. floating-point notation c. packed values notation d. complementary notation
floating-point notation
When discussing computer processing, ____ refers to executing processor instructions, such as addition, subtraction, and equality comparisons, and "ease" refers to machine efficiency. a. abstraction b. manipulation c. interpolation d. inference
manipulation
The programs in a class are called ____. a. properties b. attributes c. methods d. children
methods
The leftmost digit in a bit string is called the ____. a. least significant digit b. most significant digit c. least valuable digit d. most valuable digit
most significant digit
The upper 128 entries in Latin-1 are sometimes called ____. a. multibyte characters b. international characters c. Western characters d. multinational characters
multinational characters
A(n) ____ is a data element containing the address of another data element. a. pointer b. data structure c. object d. list
pointer
The data types a CPU supports are sometimes called ____ data types. a. user b. complex c. primitive d. limited
primitive
The fractional portion of a real number is represented by digits to the right of the ____. a. radix point b. mantissa c. exponent d. base
radix point
The accuracy, or precision, of data format representation increases with ____. a. the size of the data word b. the sign of the data format c. the number of data bits used d. the position of the radix
the number of data bits used
Numbers such as 1/3 are stored in floating-point format by ____. a. approximation b. truncation c. packing d. rounding
truncation