ITE 221 ch 3 quiz

A(n) _____________ combines related data items in much the same way a record does, but it extends the record to include methods for manipulating data items.

CLASS

The primary advantage of hexadecimal notation, compared with binary notation, is its

COMPACTNESS

A processor's efficiency depends on its __________________

COMPLEXITY

Recall that scientific notation, including floating-point notation, trades numeric range for _______________

ACCURACY

. A(n)______________ is the location of a data element in a storage device.

ADDRESS

The standard ASCII version used for data transfer is sometimes called

ASCII-7

Binary numbers are well suited to computer processing because they correspond directly with values in ____ logic. a. Newton b. Boolean c. Turing d. standard

Boolean

The ____ data type has only two data values—true and false. a. Boolean b. integer c. floating point d. character

Boolean

Twos complement notation is simple to understand for most people. a. True b. False

False

Using contiguous storage locations, especially in secondary storage devices, simplifies the allocation of storage locations. a. True b. False

False

___________ notation uses the base-8 numbering system and has a range of digits from 0 to 7

OCTAL

____ occurs when the absolute value of a computational result contains too many bits to fit into a fixed-width data format. a. Underflow b. Rounding c. Approximation d. Overflow

Overflow

A segmented memory model has primary storage is divided into equal-sized (for example, 64 KB) segments called _____________.

PAGES

An unsigned integer's value is always assumed to be

POSITIVE

. One way of dealing with the tradeoff between range and precision is to abandon the concept of a fixed _________ point.

RADIX

A(n)_______________ is a data structure composed of other data structures or primitive data elements.

RECORD

Unicode is widely supported in modern software, including most OSs and word-processing applications. a. True b. False

True

Whether implemented in system or application software, almost all data structures make extensive use of pointers and addresses. a. True b. False

True

With any fixed-width data storage format, it's possible that the result of a computation will be too large to fit in the format. a. True b. False

True

You can increase a fixed radix point format's numeric range by allocating more bits to the whole portion. a. True b. False

True

Like ASCII, _____________ is a coding table that assigns nonnegative integers to represent printable characters.

UNICODE

Computers are designed to process character data and can therefore represent characters directly. a. True b. False

False

Decimal and binary notations are alternative forms of Boolean logic. a. True b. False

False

Double-precision integers are sometimes called large integers. a. True b. False

False

Each element of a doubly linked list has two pointers: one pointing to the next element in the list and one pointing to the top element in the list. a. True b. False

False

Generally, a byte is the largest unit of data that can be read from or written to a storage device. a. True b. False

False

In ASCII, NAK is sent to acknowledge correct receipt of data, and ERR is sent to indicate that an error has been detected. a. True b. False

False

Intel microprocessors have been used in PCs since 1961. a. True b. False

False

Monetary amounts should be stored and manipulated as binary floating-point numbers. a. True b. False

False

The complexity of data structures is limited only by the software. a. True b. False

False

The number of digits needed to represent a value decreases as the numbering system's base decreases. a. True b. False

False

A ____ data format combines two adjacent fixed-length data items to hold a single value. a. single-precision b. standard-precision c. scientific d. double-precision

double-precision

A(n) ____ is a set of related data values. a. pointer b. list c. array d. record

list

The address of an array element can be calculated with the starting address of the array and the element's ____. a. base b. index c. size d. name

index

A(n) ____ is a whole number—a value that doesn't have a fractional part. a. real number b. imaginary number c. floating point number d. integer

integer

The rightmost digit in a bit string is the ____. a. least significant digit b. most significant digit c. least valuable digit d. most valuable digit

least significant digit

A(n) ____ is a data structure that uses pointers so that list elements can be scattered among nonsequential storage locations. a. array b. queue c. linked list d. stack

linked list

A(n) ____ is one instance, or variable, of a class. a. structure b. object c. list d. implementation

object

A(n) ____ is a related group of primitive data elements organized for some type of common processing and is defined and manipulated in software. a. primitive b. object c. pointer d. data structure

primitive

A(n) ____ can contain both whole and fractional components. a. integer b. imaginary number c. real number d. binary number

real number

A sequence of records stored in main memory is normally called a ____. a. table b. record c. database d. class

table

In ____ notation, nonnegative integer values are represented as ordinary binary values. a. twos complement b. ones complement c. excess d. packed

twos complement

Most CPUs provide a(n) ____ data type, which stores positive integer values as ordinary binary numbers. a. signed integer b. signed real c. unsigned integer d. unsigned real

unsigned intege

In the decimal or binary notations, the symbol used to represent a digit and the digit's position in a string determines its ____. a. sign b. placement c. base d. value

value

The assignment of numeric codes to characters follows a specific order called a(n) ____. a. alignment sequence b. collating sequence c. alphabet sequence d. byte sequence

collating sequence

The term "____" describes the number of bits used to represent a numeric value. a. compactness b. completeness c. value d. Efficiency

compactness

Hexadecimal numbering uses ____ as its base or radix. a. 2 b. 8 c. 10 d. 16

16

A(n) __________ is an array of pointers to records.

INDEX

Linked lists are easier to expand or shrink than arrays are. a. True b. False

True

More storage locations are required for a linked list than for an array with equivalent content because both data and pointers must be stored. a. True b. False

True

The advantage of using an index lies in the efficiency of record insertion, deletion, and retrieval. a. True b. False

True

The representation format for each data type balances compactness, range, accuracy, ease of manipulation, and standardization. a. True b. False

True

With unsigned integers, the lowest value that can be represented is always

0

Compilers and interpreters for high-level programming languages, such as C and Java, convert decimal numbers into ___________ numbers automatically when generating CPU instructions and data values.

BINARY

In computer terminology, each digit of a binary number is called a(n)

BIT

A group of bits that describe a single data value is called a(n)

BIT STRING

A string of eight bits is called a(n)

BYTE

____ is a character-coding method developed by IBM in the 1960s and used in all IBM mainframes well into the 2000s. a. ANSI b. UNICODE c. EBCDIC d. ASCII

EBCDIC

Computer systems represent data electrically and process it with _______________________

ELECTRICAL SWITCHES

____ notation always uses a fixed number of bits, with the leftmost bit representing the sign. a. Ones complement b. Excess c. Twos complement d. Packed

Excess

In CPUs using a(n)_____________ memory model, using twos complement or unsigned binary as the coding format for memory addresses is logical and typical.

FLAT

. In the binary32 format, the leading sign bit applies to the exponent, not the mantissa. a. True b. False

False

. To avoid overflow and increase accuracy, some computers and programming languages define additional numeric data types called long-precision data formats. a. True b. False

False

____________________ numbers often designate memory addresses

HEXADECIMAL

The physical laws of electricity, optics, and quantum mechanics are described by

MATHEMATICAL FORMULAS

A(n) _____________ integer uses one bit to represent whether the value is positive or negative

SIGNED

To represent a specific integer value in excess notation, you must know how many_______________ are to be used.

STORAGE BITS

A sequence of characters that forms a meaningful word, phrase, or other useful group is a(n)

STRING

. Scientific and floating-point notation is far more complex than integer data formats. a. True b. False

True

. The number of bits in a floating-point string and the formats of the mantissa and exponent impose limits on the range of values that can be represented. a. True b. False

True

ASCII is a 7-bit format because most computers and peripheral devices transmit data in bytes and because parity checking was used widely in the 1960s to 1980s for detecting transmission errors. a. True b. False

True

Automated data processing combines physics and mathematics. a. True b. False

True

Before Unicode, devices designed for character I/O used ASCII by default and vendor-specific methods or older ISO standards to process character sets other than Latin-1. a. True b. False

True

Computer input devices convert external data into an internal representation that can be carried to and manipulated by processing circuitry. a. True b. False

True

In a sequential file, records are stored in contiguous storage locations. a. True b. False

True

In numbering systems other than the decimal numbering system, the term radix point is used for the period or comma. a. True b. False

True

____ occurs when the absolute value of a negative exponent is too large to fit in the bits allocated to store it. a. Rounding b. Rotation c. Overflow d. Underflow

Underflow

A(n) ____ is an ordered list in which each element can be referenced by an index to its position. a. list b. matrix c. vector d. array

array

The multiplier that describes the difference between one position and the next is the ____ of the numbering system. a. base b. mantissa c. power d. Exponent

base

Large numeric values expressed in octal notation are one-third the length of corresponding ____ notation. a. decimal b. ternary c. binary d. hexadecimal

binary

In a ____, each digit can have only one of two possible values: 0 or 1. a. decimal number b. hexadecimal number c. binary number d. unary number

binary number

In their written form, English and many other languages use alphabetic letters, numerals, punctuation marks, and a variety of other special-purpose symbols known as ____. a. characters b. bytes c. strings d. integers

characters

A(n) ____ is a data structure containing both traditional (static) data elements and programs that manipulate the data. a. array b. stack c. object d. class

class

In the decimal numbering system, the period or comma is called a ____. a. place holder b. division point c. marker point d. decimal point

decimal point

A sequence of records on secondary storage is called a ____. a. file b. record c. database d. sleeve

file

Real numbers are represented in computers by using ____. a. integer notation b. floating-point notation c. packed values notation d. complementary notation

floating-point notation

When discussing computer processing, ____ refers to executing processor instructions, such as addition, subtraction, and equality comparisons, and "ease" refers to machine efficiency. a. abstraction b. manipulation c. interpolation d. inference

manipulation

The programs in a class are called ____. a. properties b. attributes c. methods d. children

methods

The leftmost digit in a bit string is called the ____. a. least significant digit b. most significant digit c. least valuable digit d. most valuable digit

most significant digit

The upper 128 entries in Latin-1 are sometimes called ____. a. multibyte characters b. international characters c. Western characters d. multinational characters

multinational characters

A(n) ____ is a data element containing the address of another data element. a. pointer b. data structure c. object d. list

pointer

The data types a CPU supports are sometimes called ____ data types. a. user b. complex c. primitive d. limited

primitive

The fractional portion of a real number is represented by digits to the right of the ____. a. radix point b. mantissa c. exponent d. base

radix point

The accuracy, or precision, of data format representation increases with ____. a. the size of the data word b. the sign of the data format c. the number of data bits used d. the position of the radix

the number of data bits used

Numbers such as 1/3 are stored in floating-point format by ____. a. approximation b. truncation c. packing d. rounding

truncation